Ecological Production Research Articles

Formation of environmental marketing strategies for the development of enterprises on the market of goods and services

The formation of ecological marketing strategies for the development of enterprises in the market of goods and services is an urgent task considering growing social and environmental burdens. A modern enterprise must consider not only the positive financial result of its activities but also its responsibility to nature and society. Therefore, the study is devoted to the analysis, justification, and implementation of ecological marketing strategies as a tool for ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises in the modern market. The context of environmental challenges and opportunities in business has been studied. Consumer expectations regarding environmental responsibility and sustainability of enterprises are growing, which requires companies to pay attention to the implementation of environmental aspects in their strategy. The fundamental principles of the formation of ecological marketing strategies have been identified. These include the implementation of sustainable resource efficiency, reducing the impact on the environment, as well as actively informing consumers about the sustainable nature of products and services. The methods and tools that help enterprises implement their environmental strategies are defined. Among them are environmental audits, product certification, development of new ecological products, use of green technologies, etc. The advantages and challenges of the formation of ecological marketing strategies are analyzed on the example of enterprises that have already successfully implemented such approaches. It was found that environmental strategies contribute to increasing consumer loyalty, increasing competitiveness, and creating the image of a socially responsible brand. However, there are challenges on the road to success, such as the high costs of green technology and staff training, which require management solutions. It is essential to ensure the adaptation of the strategy to a specific industry and consumer audience, to interact with environmental organizations and state institutions actively, as well as to regularly monitor and evaluate the results of the implementation of environmental strategies. In general, the formation of ecological marketing strategies for the development of enterprises in the market of goods and services plays a crucial role in ensuring sustainable development and preservation of the environment. The study reveals a comprehensive approach to this problem and provides recommendations for effectively implementing environmental marketing strategies in practice. Keywords: ecological strategy, ecological marketing, the market of ecological goods and services, sustainable development

Analysis of the Spatial Relationship between Ecosystem Regulation Services and Rural Tourism

In the context of China's implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and establishment of a mechanism to realize the value of ecological products, rural tourism as an eco-friendly industry promotes regional social and economic development with high-quality natural and ecological conditions in rural areas and is one of the key patterns to realize regional green development. Existing studies in the field focus on the spatial relationship between rural tourism and traditional factors such as economy, population, and transportation and ignore to some extent the relationship between ecosystem services and rural tourism. However, from the perspective of distribution, rural tourism is popular mainly in areas with high ecological quality, so it can be inferred that there is a relationship between ecosystem services and rural tourism. Therefore, this paper targets the key problem-the spatial relationship between ecosystem regulation services and rural tourism, taking rural tourist spots in six districts and counties in the Wuling Mountains in southeastern Chongqing as the subjects, and using the geo-econometric analysis method and geographic detector model to analyze the spatial-driving and development-support roles of ecosystem services on rural tourism. The results show that: (1) the nearest neighbor index of the distribution of rural tourist spots in the regions of study is 0.28, showing a significant clustering trend as a whole; (2) there are obviously high-value areas among the six types of ecosystem regulation services, which are mainly distributed in forest ecosystems; (3) the driving effects of dual factors are more significant, and the combined driving effects of climate regulation and anion supply services are the most significant, with the q value of these driving effects being 0.1962; (4) from the perspective of the supply-demand relationship of industrial development, ecosystem services play an important role in supporting the development of rural tourism. Based on these results, it is proposed in this paper that, in the next step, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of ecosystem regulation services should be conducted during the special planning of rural tourism and the rational layout of industries should be guided on the premise of compliance with space-use control, as well as economical and intensive land use, to support the scientific formulation of regional rural tourism development strategies with new ideas based on basic analysis and better realize the value of ecological products and boost rural revitalization.

Quantitatively Evaluating the Ecological Product Value of Nine Provinces in the Yellow River Basin from the Perspective of the Dual-Carbon Strategy

At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, China formally proposed the goal of achieving carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, which is called the dual-carbon strategy. In this study, we incorporated the dual-carbon strategy perspective into ecological product value (EPV) evaluation. The EPV is the sum of the final product and service value provided by regional ecosystems for human production and life. A significant uncertainty exists in evaluating the EPV. To bridge this gap, we explored the quantitative evaluation index system of EPV based on the dual-carbon perspective and conducted an empirical analysis relating to four subindexes (ecological protection, ecological products carbon neutral capacity transformation, ecological value, and ecological product value realization safeguard mechanism). The EPV in nine provinces of the Yellow River basin in 2020 was measured. The results showed that the total evaluation score of EPV realization in the Yellow River basin was relatively low, and the average scores of ecological product protection level, carbon neutrality capacity, value transformation level, and value realization guarantee mechanism were all at a low level. Overall, the protection level of ecological products and the guarantee mechanism to realize the EPV were relatively good. However, the carbon neutrality capacity and the value transformation level were relatively poor. From the spatial perspective, the value realization level of ecological products was roughly upstream region > downstream region > midstream region in the Yellow River basin. Finally, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward according to the comprehensive evaluation index of EPV realization and analysis of the four subindexes.

Evaluation of the Ecological Status of Wetlands of International Importance in China

An international assessment of wetlands is important for quantifying the current state of development of international wetland structure and function. At present, the management department and public lack a comprehensive understanding of the ecological status of internationally important wetlands in China. Here, using annual ecological monitoring data and hierarchical analysis, an evaluation index system was constructed with water environment, biological environment, biodiversity, and disturbance pressure as influencing factors, and an evaluation of the ecological status of 63 wetlands of international importance (WOII) in China was carried out, it is helpful to formulate technical plans for the ecological management of wetlands of international importance (WOII). The results showed that the average ecological status score of these wetlands was 0.714 ± 0.075, and there were differences in this score between different regions. The ecological status of wetlands in northeastern and northern coastal areas were mostly evaluated as ‘excellent’ and ‘good’, while some wetlands in other areas of China were evaluated as ‘poor’. The type and protection level of wetlands have an important impact on their ecological status. The ecological status of wetlands according to type were ranked swamp wetlands > coastal wetlands > river wetlands > lake wetlands, while those with national level protection were ranked higher than those with provincial level protection. The ecological status of WOII in China is generally good, but is adversely affected by human activities, alien species invasion, and other factors. Hence, there needs to be a focus on improving the protection and management mechanisms for WOII, promoting improvements in the ecological status of these wetlands, and transforming ecological product value.

Coral Geochemical Records Track Millennial-Scale Ecosystem Change and Resilience in the Tropical Eastern Pacific

Along the coastal Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), regions of strong seasonal upwelling bring cold, nutrient-rich waters, controlling ecological conditions and sustaining millions of people through large-scale fisheries. The TEP is also important for the regulation of global climate and is affected by large-scale environmental processes such as ENSO. How the nutrient dynamics of this region will respond to climate change and what the implications will be for coastal ecology remains unknown. Environmental records are needed that capture intra and inter-decadal variation and extend over millennia where these biotic and abiotic processes interact. Here, we develop a new sampling approach and construct two coral skeleton records (n = >600) from reef matrix cores that extend six millennia, from the upwelling Gulf of Panamá and the non-upwelling Gulf of Chiriquí. We ask what effects millennial-scale climate patterns have on upwelling in the region, and how the magnitude of upwelled nutrients influences ecological productivity and even human habitation. We combined multiple proxies using climatic (carbonate δ18O), nutrient (skeletal-organic matrix δ15N), diagenetic (taphonomic scoring), ecological (benthic community composition), and temporal (U-Th dates) data. Using Generalised Additive Models to assess variability, we find strong divergences in the nutrient (δ15N; range >5 ‰) records between Gulfs, while δ18O (range ~2‰) is more stable. The greatest variation in δ15N values occurs during times of high reef accretion whereas δ18O is constant, suggesting that nutrients, not temperature, are driving reef productivity. Taphonomic, taxonomic, and age data reveal periodic shifts and collapses of coral communities that differ between Gulfs. We end by drawing connections between these ecological shifts to the episodic human habitation documented during the late-Holocene and hypothesize what this may mean for ecosystem resilience and environmental management under future climate.

Classic Maya Settlement Systems Reveal Differential Land Use Patterns in the Upper Belize River Valley

Land use practices have had important implications for structuring household inequalities and broader political systems in the past. Our contribution examines settlement patterns in relation to political structure, household wealth, ecological productivity and agricultural techniques. Combining settlement pattern data with high–precision soils data, we examine the extent to which different trajectories of polity formation impact the settlement location and land use practices of intermediate elites and commoners. The Classic Maya (CE 250/300–900) polities of Baking Pot and Lower Dover in the Upper Belize River Valley serve as enlightening case studies because despite being situated near one another, the two centers emerged along very different trajectories. Whereas the polity of Baking Pot arose slowly, in tandem with surrounding demography, the neighboring polity of Lower Dover arose rapidly in the Late Classic period (CE 600–900) in an area which was already home to established local populations. Our analysis shows that while Baking Pot had substantial settlement clustering around its epicenter, populations at Lower Dover aggregated around secondary and tertiary centers farther away from the polity core. Analyses also demonstrate that most commoner and intermediate elite residences were situated on the most productive agricultural lands in the region, though some intermediate elite households were situated on hilltops or in border zones with marginal soil productivity for political and tactical reasons. Commoner households were situated on a range of productivity zones reflecting diverse land–use practices which had implications for household wealth. Our case study illustrates the importance of integrating land use practices into our reconstructions of ancient political hierarchies, especially in terms of understanding political strategies and household wealth.

A Study on the Spatial Pattern of the Ecological Product Value of China’s County-Level Regions Based on GEP Evaluation

Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) is a concept that reflects ecological product value by using geospatial technology. It can demonstrate the spatial distribution of ecological products and provide new perspectives and refined support for spatial planning. China's county-level regions are important units for the promotion of ecological product value. Based on the concept of GEP, this study evaluated the ecological product value of China's county-level regions in 2020, used Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to visualise spatial patterns and conducted a correlation analysis between the GEP indices and economic and land use factors. The study found that the results of evaluation and analysis varied by spatial distribution: (1) county-level regions with high provisioning service indices are concentrated in northeastern China and southeastern China; (2) county-level regions with high regulating service indices are concentrated south of the Yangtze River and in the southern region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; (3) county-level regions with high cultural service indices are concentrated in southeastern China; (4) county-level regions with high composite GEP indices are concentrated in northeastern China. The results have different correlations with different factors, reflecting the complex mechanisms behind ecological value transformation. For example, the composite GEP index for an area has a strong positive correlation with the area's proportions of woodland area, water area and GDP.

Pattern changes of ecological product trade in countries along the Belt and Road.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was designed to promote economic and trade cooperation between countries along the Belt and Road (B&R), specifically by building an international trade network. Ecological resources are the basis for human survival. Countries along the B&R transform ecological resources into ecological products by production activities. These products can then be used for trade, thereby driving the countries' economic development. This study uses net primary productivity (NPP) as a unified measure of ecological products, and explores the pattern changes of ecological product trade in countries along the B&R, from 2013 to 2019 (from the BRI proposal to the outbreak of COVID-19). The purpose of the study is to reveal the impact of the BRI on the trade of ecological products. The results show that (1) the trade scale of ecological products in the B&R region has changed significantly. The total volume of traded ecological products increased from 2071.74 to 2631.00 TgC. This represented an increase of about 26.99%, or 7.41% higher than the global average. (2) The spatial distribution pattern of ecological product trade did not change significantly in countries along the B&R. However, the gravity centers of the total and net trade volume of ecological products moved 120.74 km to the northeast and 392.98 km to the southeast, respectively. (3) The trade structure of ecological products in the B&R region, six sub-regions, and most countries remained relatively stable. Only the proportion of the livestock products trade in Mongolia and the proportion of the forest products trade in Bhutan have increased significantly. This finding suggests that the strength and breadth of the construction of unimpeded trade in countries along the B&R still need to further strengthened, in order to accelerate the realization of the vision of the Green Silk Road.

The Mediating Role of Green Purchase Intention between Antecedents of Green Purchase Intention and Consumer’s Green Buying Behaviour: Empirical Evidence in Ethiopia

Today, many companies have accepted responsibility to produce products and “go green”, because they have realized that they can reduce pollution and increase profits at the same time. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the role of green purchase intention as a mediator between antecedents of green purchase intention and green purchasing behavior in the Ethiopian context. Through a comprehensive literature review, the influencing factors of consumers’ green purchase were explored. This study is cross sectional and quantitative in nature. The unit of analysis for the study is green product consumers, and data is gathered through a cross-section survey research technique. Data were collected from five major cities in Ethiopia using self-administered questionnaires and the mall intercept method. Field researchers approached over 500 people over the course of four weeks in five cities and asked them to complete a questionnaire and only 319 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. According to the findings, cognitive factors, green perceived value, green perceived quality, green perceived risk, consumer individual characteristics, green trust, collectivism, environmental advertisement, ecological packaging, high prices for ecological products and consumer spiritual orientation all have a significant positive influence on consumers’ intentions to make green purchases. However, Perceived Behavioral Control; Perceived consumer effectiveness, Environmental Concern, Social Factors and Subjective norm all have insignificant effect on consumers green purchase intention. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. The results of the study also demonstrated that green purchase intention mediates the relationship between green purchase intention’s antecedents and consumer purchase behavior because indirect effect estimates are higher than direct effect estimates (0.305 > 0.278). The findings of this study will provide orientations for enterprises engaged in green product diffusion and organizations responsible for environmental protection.

Justification of the traction resistance of the coulter of the onion planter for ecological production of products

Modern agricultural technologies of onion cultivation should follow high requirements for their planting. The construction of the onion planter coulter determines the quality of planting. The authors designed the drill coulter for sowing onions, which qualitatively prepares the planting furrow by leveling and compacting the surface of the furrow bottom. The use of skid coulters allows to hold them on a single row, that, including protection against damage during leveling and compaction of the furrow bottom in a single row unit, reduces the metal consumption of the coulter and increases its compactness. When determining the parameters of the coulter, considering the condition of stability of its movement when planting onion row units, a theoretical substantiation of the traction resistance was carried out. When determining the parameters of the coulter, taking into account the conditions of stability of its movement when planting the onion-sowing, a theoretical justification of the traction resistance was performed, with the possibility of regulating the pressure force of the coulter on the soil with a row spacing of 0.20 m, for the range of the speed of the sowing 3.6 …5.4 km / h, the depth of the coulter 30…50 mm when planting the onion-sowing. The design of the coulter and its theoretical justification are proposed, which makes it possible to reduce the traction resistance, as a result of which the emission of exhaust gases into the atmosphere is reduced. As a result of the uniform distribution of nutrition over the area and the uniformity of onion shoots, weeds are decline, which reduces the use of herbicides, and therefore increases the environmental friendliness of the products produced.

Ecosystem Service Value Evaluation of Saline—Alkali Land Development in the Yellow River Delta—The Example of the Huanghe Island

Saline–alkali land is an important land resource with high development potential and an important ecological product with high potential ecosystem service value (ESV). It is of great significance for rational development and protection of saline–alkali land resources to carry out research on the evaluation methods of the ESV of saline–alkali land and to scientifically quantify the ESV of saline–alkali land development. Taking typical saline–alkali land in the Yellow River Delta on the Huanghe Island of China as an example, this research constructed an ESV evaluation index system from the perspective of functional value containing three first-level indicators such as economic value, four second-level indicators such as supply service, and eight lowest-level indicators such as food production. It also considered production and operation costs and evaluated the ESV of the Huanghe Island using the ecological economics method. The results showed that the ESV of the Huanghe Island is CNY 133.586 million, and the unit area value is 50,200 CNY/hm2, which is a relatively high value. Among them, the supply service value was the highest, accounting for more than half. In recent years, the development of the Huanghe Island has produced high supply and service value, but due to weak background conditions and low vegetation coverage, regulation and support service values are relatively low, the cultural service value is still to be explored, and there is great potential for ecological and social value. This research can provide references for scientific evaluation of the ESV of saline–alkali land and provide a basis for rational development and utilization of the Huanghe Island.

Cost-benefit research and potential solutions of ecological restoration programs in China

The value realization pathways of ecological products are major challenges for China’s ecological civilization construction, which plays a critical strategic and practical role. In the process of ecological restoration projects, the selection of value realization pathways provides a feasible basis for the practice of ecological restoration. Cost-benefit analysis can be used to select the best restoration measures or models for the government or businesses, maximizing the environmental and economic benefits of restoration projects. This paper reviewed the value accounting research related to cost-benefit assessment in China. Currently, traditional independent empirical studies on specific ecosystem services are the focus of research and some policies have been established from these. In the assessment, the relevant methods were seen to still have limitations in terms of data sources, reference systems, and database improvement. It is noted that the benefit transfer method is still underdeveloped in China but has good prospects. The paper analyzed the main role of benefit transfer in policy making and the method’s scientific development, as well as elucidating the problems and challenges of the benefit transfer method. This study also presents a review of current policies and research on ecosystem service valuation policies and potential ways for ecological restoration. Due to the great spatial variations in socio-economic conditions and resource endowments in different regions in China, it is necessary to consider regional differences and adjust ecological restoration to local conditions. Furthermore, relevant realization paths and future research perspectives were put forward.

Co-benefits of the National Key Ecological Function Areas in China for carbon sequestration and environmental quality

IntroductionThe National Key Ecological Functional Areas (NKEFAs) are location-oriented ecological engineering of China, which rely on the main functional area planning. The co-benefits of ecological product supply and ecological environment improvement of NKEFAs has not been fully assessed in the literature.MethodsNKEFAs is considered a quasi-natural experiment, and the time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) model is used to assess the impact of NKEFAs on carbon sequestration (CS) and environmental quality (EQ) based on the panel data of 330 cities in China from 2001 to 2019. Then, we explore whether the co-benefits of ecological product supply and eco-environment protection can be achieved.Results and discussionNKEFAs can enhance CS and EQ and thus achieve co-benefits for both. NKEFAs can achieve the co-benefits of CS and EQ through territory spatial allocation and labor force aggregation, but industrial structure upgrading only positively mediates the impact of NKEFAs on CS. The co-benefits of CS and EQ are heterogeneous across functional area types, geospatial locations, and quantiles, while only CS at windbreak-sand fixation area, northwestern region, and low quantile regions is enhanced. This study makes a theoretical and methodological contribution to the existing literature on the policy effect assessment of ecological engineering. It also provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the ecological effects of relevant policies in other countries by integrating the co-benefits of ecological products and eco-environment, analyzing regional heterogeneity, and exploring the underlying mechanisms.

Recent Advances on the Production of Itaconic Acid via the Fermentation and Metabolic Engineering

Itaconic acid (ITA) is one of the top 12 platform chemicals. The global ITA market is expanding due to the rising demand for bio-based unsaturated polyester resin and its non-toxic qualities. Although bioconversion using microbes is the main approach in the current industrial production of ITA, ecological production of bio-based ITA faces several issues due to: low production efficiency, the difficulty to employ inexpensive raw materials, and high manufacturing costs. As metabolic engineering advances, the engineering of microorganisms offers a novel strategy for the promotion of ITA bio-production. In this review, the most recent developments in the production of ITA through fermentation and metabolic engineering are compiled from a variety of perspectives, including the identification of the ITA synthesis pathway, the metabolic engineering of natural ITA producers, the design and construction of the ITA synthesis pathway in model chassis, and the creation, as well as application, of new metabolic engineering strategies in ITA production. The challenges encountered in the bio-production of ITA in microbial cell factories are discussed, and some suggestions for future study are also proposed, which it is hoped offers insightful views to promote the cost-efficient and sustainable industrial production of ITA.

Relationships Between Consumer Engagement and Purchase Intention of Ecological Products

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between consumer engagement with the Beta brand and the purchase intention of ecological products sold by the company. Theoretical framework: It builds on the literature on consumer engagement and behavior and green or ecological products Method/design/approach: In this study, the research was characterized as quantitative, descriptive and explanatory, with data collected through a survey. The study population was made up of consumers and potential consumers of Beta Cosmetics, a company that operates in the beauty market, offering sustainable solid products. A sample composed of consumers who agreed to participate in the survey was used, totaling 107 respondents. Results and conclusion: The results indicate that conscious participation positively affects the purchase intention of these products, and that consumers who regularly buy the products are more engaged, enthusiastic and conscious, and perceive greater value in the products. Meanwhile, consumers who rarely buy the products have high purchase intention, but are more sensitive to the price, as these products are more expensive than traditional products on the market. Research Implications: This study has an impact on practical implications in the practice of ecological products, as it emphasizes that engagement and awareness may not lead to sales. Although consumers perceive value in ecological products, the high price plays an important role in preventing the realization of purchase intentions. Originality/value: The paper provides evidence of the determinants of ecological products purchase intentions. It also shows that developing ideas that will educate, attract and engage consumers might strengthen their purchase intention, specially if combined with a competitive price.

Performance effects of green production capability and technology in manufacturing firms

The proclamation of the sustainable development goals is driving companies to implement protective measures that favour the environment, thereby occupying a strategic place in the creation of green product innovation (GPI). This new management paradigm could be impacting capabilities, techniques, technologies, efficient energy use and green-oriented production policies and systems. Therefore, one of the challenges is to configure green production capabilities (GPC) coordinated with the technology dimension (TECH) because the design of ecological products and their manufacture requires the backup of capabilities and the possible support of green technology. To this effect, this article aims to establish the impact of the association of GPC and TECH on organisational performance. To do so, we test whether the adoption and high implementation of GPC and TECH affect environmental and financial performance. Empirical evidence is supported by the European Manufacturing Survey (EMS), using a sample of 1018 manufacturing companies from seven European countries. Our results show that the adoption of GPC and TECH and their high levels of implementation have a significant impact on environmental and financial performance. Regarding the association between the implementation of GPC and TECH, its contribution to environmental performance but not financial performance is evidenced. Furthermore, at high levels of implementation of this association, there is no significant effect on either environmental or financial performance. These findings drive theoretical and practical implications and provide opportunities for academics, managers and government bodies.

EFFECT OF ECOLOGICAL PRODUCT CARBECOL AND BIOFERTILIZER ECOLIT ON MANAGEMENT OF LATE BLIGHT (PHYTOPTHORA INFESTANS) AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TOMATO (SOLANUM ESCULENTUM) PLANTS

Organic agriculture is gaining importance and the market for organic products has been significantly increasing nowadays. Different diseases affect tomato especially the pathogen Phytophtora infestans, which is a major threat in organic and durable agriculture. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of new biorational protection product Carbecol and humic substances Ecolit in late blight management in tomato and their impact on the productivity. Tomato plants during vegetation period were treated four times with Carbecol in dose 6 kg/ha alone as well as in combination with application of biofertilizer Ecolit in doze 3L/ha. Control were untreated plants. Experimental results revealed that foliar diseases like late blight of tomato were significantly reduced by treatments applied either alone or in combinations compared to untreated plants. However, the best results were obtained in variant with integrated application of Carbecol, Ecolit plus ecological protection product Funecol in concentration 0,4%. The treatments had beneficial impact on fruits productivity of tomato. Experimental results demonstrated that application of Carbecol alone did not significantly increase the yield. However, the integrated use of Carbecol, humic substances Ecolit and Funecol gave better effect and the yield increased by 15,7% compared to untreated plants. Hence, experimental data suggests that the combined application of Carbecol, Ecolit and ecological fungicide Funecol could reduce the incidence of Phytophtora disease and increase tomato productivity. The integrated application of these ecological products of plant protection and biofertilizer could be an option for development of durable agriculture.

国家公园生态产品价值核算

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 国家公园生态产品价值核算 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202112163575 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家公园研究院研究专项课项目（KFJ-STS-ZDTP-2021-003） Research on accounting of ecological products value in National Parks Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: the Special Program for the Institute of National Parks, Chinese Academy of Sciences 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态产品是维系生态安全、保障生态调节功能、提供良好人居环境的自然要素，国家公园作为我国代表性生态系统、自然景观和遗产、野生动植物物种分布的重要区域，是生态产品的重要供给区域，在提供高质量调节服务和文化服务中发挥着重要作用。生态产品总值（GEP）是生态产品价值的总和，并能够客观反映生态系统状况和生态保护成效。以我国首批5处国家公园为研究对象，通过核算其2000年和2015年GEP，得出如下结论：（1）2015年国家公园总GEP为10813.6亿元，主导服务功能是水源涵养和气候调节，占总值的70.0%，单位面积GEP为652.0万元/km2，是全国均值的1.4倍。（2）三江源国家公园GEP最高（4547.7亿元），其次是大熊猫、海南热带雨林国家公园等；海南热带雨林国家公园单位面积GEP最高（5140.5万元/km2），其次是武夷山、大熊猫国家公园等。（3）2000-2015年，国家公园GEP增长1.0%，单位面积GEP基本稳定，三江源和海南热带雨林国家公园增幅较大（3.1%和1.0%），而大熊猫国家公园有所下降（-2.0%），主要与地质灾害导致的森林、灌丛等生态系统面积减少有关。通过核算国家公园GEP，评估国家公园的生态保护成效，探究核算结果在其建设中的应用，推动国家公园的绿色发展及"两山"转化。 Abstract:Ecological products are nature elements that maintain ecological security, guarantee ecosystem service functions, and provide well living environments. National parks are the crucial areas for representative ecosystems, natural landscapes and heritages, and wildlife species, and also the main areas for ecological products supply in China which play an important role in providing high-quality ecological products. Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) is the sum of the ecological products value and can reflect ecosystem status and protection effectiveness objectively. We took the first batch of national parks as the research objects and calculated the value of their ecological products. The conclusions were as follows. (1) The total GEP of the national parks was 1081.36 billion yuan, and the main ecosystem service functions were water retention (420.09 billion yuan) and climate regulation (336.69 billion yuan), both accounted for 70.0%; the GEP per unit area of the national park was 6.5 million yuan/km2 which was 1.4 times higher than the national average (4.8 million yuan/km2). (2) Three-River-Source National Park had the highest GEP (454.77 billion yuan), and followed by Giant Panda and Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (278.14 billion yuan and 226.34 billion yuan); Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park had the highest GEP per unit area (51.41 million yuan/km2), and followed by Wuyishan and Giant Panda National Park (48.16 million yuan/km2 and 12.23 million yuan/km2). (3) From 2000 to 2015, the total GEP of national parks increased 1.0%, and the GEP per unit area was basically stable. The GEP of Three-River-Source and Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park increased significantly (3.1% and 1.0%), while Giant Panda National Park decreased 2.0% which mainly related to the reduction of the area of forests, shrubs and other ecosystems caused by geological disasters. By accounting of GEP, this paper aimed to assess the protection effectiveness of national parks, explore the results application in their construction, and promote green development and "two mountains" transformations in the national parks. This paper still had some difficulties and deficiencies. Firstly, due to the difficulty of obtaining data, this paper did not calculate the value of material products and cultural services of national parks; secondly, due to the large geographical span of national parks, it was difficult to obtain localized parameters that were mainly from references, and their accuracy need to be improved. This paper could reflect the state and changes of the ecological environment in a certain period of time within the national park, and provided a scientific basis for the ecological protection and management of national parks. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

面向生态产品价值实现的生态修复市场化投入研究进展

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 面向生态产品价值实现的生态修复市场化投入研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202202130345 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA20020402）；国家自然科学基金项目（42171088）；中央高效基本科研业务费专项 Research progress on the market-oriented investment in ecological remediation for the realization of ecological product value Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:充足稳定的资金是国土空间生态修复顺利开展重要保障。然而，政府投资作为生态修复的主要资金来源，存在资金缺口大、项目周期短等问题，亟需探索面向生态产品价值实现的生态修复市场化投入逻辑。针对生态产品价值实现的市场化路径，建立了"生态修复对象-生态产品类型-近远程效益-投资方式"为分析步骤的生态修复市场化投入逻辑框架，从投资方式角度分析了国内外生态修复市场化投入的研究进展。基于国内生态产权界定模糊、生态产品价值体现不明显、市场化投入机制不完善等问题，今后有必要重点研究建立体现价值实现路径的生态资产评估体系、识别面向不同购买主体的生态产品价值实现模式、模拟以价值流为纽带的生态产品空间纽带关系、凝练基于自然的区域解决方案引导市场投入。 Abstract:Ecological restoration of territorial space is an important way to practice the concept of ecological civilization and realize the construction of ecological civilization. Sufficient and stable funds are important guarantee for the implement of ecological restoration of territorial space. However, as the main source of funds for ecological restoration, government investment has problems such as large funding gap and short project duration. Market investment can transform the achievements of ecological restoration of territorial space into ecological products with social, economic and ecological value while giving full play to the guarantee of funds. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a market-oriented investment logic for ecological restoration oriented to the realization of ecological product value. This study sorts out the conceptual connotations and related theories related to the market-oriented investment in ecological restoration of territorial space. This study summarizes the market-oriented investment model of ecological restoration from three perspectives:ecosystem types, investment approach and the short term and long term of ecological restoration benefits. Aiming at the marketization path of ecological product value realization, this study establishes a logical framework for ecological restoration marketization investment with the demonstration steps of "ecological restoration object-ecological product type-short term and long term benefit-investment approach". From the perspective of investment methods (government + green finance pattern and government + market investment (PPP) pattern), we analyze the research progress of market-oriented investment in ecological restoration. Based on the vague definition of ecological property rights in China, the inconspicuous reflection of ecological product value, and the imperfect market-oriented investment mechanism, it is necessary to focus on the establishment of an ecological asset evaluation system that reflects the value realization path, the identification of ecological product value realization modes for different purchasers, the simulation of the spatial relationship of ecological products linked by value flow, and the exploration of nature based regional solutions to guide market-oriented investment. Specifically, when establishing an ecological asset evaluation system that reflects the value realization path, we should consider the willingness of land participants and utilization stakeholders; when identifying ecological product value realization modes for different purchasers, we should ensure the sustainability and diversity of purchasers on this basis of ensuring the output of ecological products; when simulating the spatial relationship of ecological products linked by value flow, we should calculate the overall benefit based on the value based nexus relationship; when exploring the nature based regional solutions to guide market-oriented investment, we should nest the main functional regions in the existing ecological functional regions and ecological restoration regions, identify market demands guided by society, population, economy and industrial structures, and identify ecological products with regional characteristics. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

生态产品价值实现率评价方法——以丽水市为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 生态产品价值实现率评价方法——以丽水市为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202201050039 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（XDA19050504）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（71804180） Assessing the realization of the values of ecosystem products: A case study of Lishui, China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态产品价值实现是指在维持生态系统稳定性和完整性的前提下，通过合理开发利用生态产品，将其生态价值转化为经济效益的过程。生态产品价值实现机制包含了促进生态产品价值实现的政策、市场和技术机制。生态产品通过各种途径实现的经济价值总和称为生态产品价值实现量。生态产品价值实现量与生态产品总值（GEP）的比值为生态产品价值实现率。评估生态产品价值实现率是评判生态产品价值实现状况的基础，是评估生态产品价值实现机制是否有效运转的重要前提。提出生态产品价值实现率的概念和核算方法，以浙江省丽水市为例，在核算GEP的基础上，评估生态产品价值实现量与实现率来分析丽水市生态产品价值实现状况、问题及影响因素，提出提高生态产品价值实现率的对策建议。研究表明，丽水市2019年GEP为4110.21亿元，生态产品价值实现量为1017.49亿元，生态产品价值实现率为24.76%。丽水生态产品价值实现模式主要有市场交易和政府补偿两种模式。市场交易模式贡献了95.84%的生态产品价值实现量，是目前丽水市最有效的生态产品价值实现模式，但存在价值实现效率不均衡、对于缺乏市场或是市场机制不成熟的生态产品不适用等问题。政府补偿模式贡献了4.16%的生态产品价值实现量，可广泛适用于各类产品价值实现，但存在价值实现效率低下、价值实现机制不成熟、价值实现资金来源单一、单项产品价值实现量小等问题。针对以上问题，研究建议通过完善生态产品市场交易机制、丰富生态补偿模式及资金来源、建立完整的生态产品产业链等途径促进丽水市生态产品价值实现。 Abstract:Value realization of ecosystem products refers to the processes of transferring ecological value of ecological products to economic benefits via rational development and utilization of ecosystem products while maintaining the stability and integrity of ecosystem. Mechanism of value realization of ecosystem products is an integrated system including policy, market and technological mechanisms that stabilize and facilitate the processes of realization of the value for ecological products. We proposed the concept of value realization rate of ecosystem products and provided method to assess it. It is defined that the ratio of the realized economical value of ecosystem products and the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) as the value realization rate of ecosystem products. The sum of economic value realized through various ways is called realized economical value of ecological products. Calculating the value realization rate of ecosystem products is pivotal for assessing the condition of value realization of ecosystem products. The results could reveal the operating efficiency of value realization mechanism, the weaknesses, and the potential for the development of ecosystem products value realization. we took Lishui City as the study area and calculated GEP of Lishui in 2019 and evaluated the value realization rate of ecosystem products. Based on the results, we assessed how the mechanism of value realization of ecosystem products had running in Lishui, as well as the obstacles it is facing and the accomplishments it reached in the relative area. Suggestions were made to improve the future work in the end. In 2019, GEP of Lishui was 411.021 billion yuan, the quantity of value realization of ecosystem products was 101.759 billion yuan, and the value realization rate of ecological products was 24.76%. Ecosystem products transferred the ecological value into economic value via marketization pattern and government compensations pattern in Lishui. 95.84% of the realized values of ecosystem product were contributed by marketization pattern while the other 4.16% was offered by government compensations pattern. Although marketization pattern shows a high efficiency of value realization, its weaknesses are perspicuous. The main obstacle appeals to be the immaturity of the market and market mechanism as well as the inapplicability to ecosystem regulating products. While government compensation pattern is applicable to all kinds of ecosystem products, the unsustainable fund source and small amount of funds become trouble for realizing the value of ecosystem products. To improve the weaknesses, we proposed that the stability and improvement of value realization of ecological products could be promoted by improving the trading market and the trading mechanism of ecological products, enriching the ecological compensation mode and funding resource, and establishing a completely industrial chain for ecological products that were lack of path to realize the value. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献