Ecological Poverty Alleviation Research Articles

Understanding the Sustainable Mechanisms of Poverty Alleviation Resettlement in China’s Developed Regions under the Background of Land Relocation: Drivers, Paths and Outcomes

In the context of land relocation, poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR) is considered an effective approach to improve the man–land relationship and development issues. However, current studies pay little attention to PAR and its spillover effects within developed regions. Furthermore, the complete mechanism chain has received little research concentration. Thus, employing a qualitative survey, this study aims to investigate the overall mechanisms of developed regions’ PAR in the context of land relocation. The study will deal with the following questions: Why does PAR occur in developed regions? How does the resettlement approach to poverty alleviation (i.e., paths)? What are the effects of resettlement on poverty alleviation, including its own effects and spillover effects? Through answering these questions, this study will highlight PAR in developed regions and investigate the spillovers from social, economic and ecological perspectives. Particularly, a comprehensive mechanism analysis framework for PAR will be presented to motivate future studies. Results indicate that PAR is generally caused by ecological poverty alleviation, geological disaster prevention and county town urbanisation promotion and that emigration and resettlement are the paths to PAR. In addition, the direct outcome is the overall rise in the number of resettlers over time, and the spillovers show the sustainable collaboration of economic, social and ecological dimensions. These findings will influence future land reform and housing initiatives.

How does ecological poverty alleviation contribute to improving residents' sustainable livelihoods? — Evidence from Zhejiang Province, China

Ecological poverty alleviation (EPA) constitutes an important approach to achieving both the utilization of sustainable ecosystem services and an improved well-being for local residents. Based on the sustainable livelihood framework, this study assessed how the EPA industry contributes to enhancing residents' sustainable livelihoods and examined the factors that distinguish the resulting outcomes. Using the text analysis method and ANOVA tests, we analyzed and compared the contributions to the livelihood of 120 EPA projects across 26 mountainous counties in Zhejiang Province, China. The research identified three components that enhance our understanding of the mechanisms linking ecosystem services and poverty alleviation. First, development strategy plays an important role in differentiating the outcomes of poverty reduction. Tourism-driven projects are relatively more effective in improving natural and economic capital, whereas agriculture-driven projects contribute more to improving human, social, and physical capital. Second, institutional arrangements also shape the outcomes of EPA projects. Of the four governance modes analyzed in this study, village-led projects are the most efficient, whereas company-led projects are the least efficient. Third, residents' level of participation is an essential factor that differentiates the outcomes of EPA projects. Participation by local residents provides effective mechanisms to ensure accountability of the various stakeholders, thus guaranteeing a minimum trade-off between environmental and socioeconomic sustainability. Stakeholders with different perspectives need to engage more in debates about the factors that affect livelihoods and the ways in which they interact with poverty-alleviation measures.

Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting Satisfaction with the Policy of Ecological Forest Rangers

The policy of ecological forest rangers (EFRs) is one of the important policy tools to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation in China. An in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the satisfaction of EFRs, and targeted improvement of related issues are conducive to the promotion of the policy implementation effect, which is of great significance to further consolidate the achievements of ecological poverty alleviation, promoting rural revitalization. Based on the field survey data of 412 ecological forest rangers in Qianshan City, Anhui Province, China, this paper uses the multivariable interaction fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the level of ecological forest rangers’ policy satisfaction and the associated influencing factors. The results showed that (1) the overall evaluation of the ecological ranger groups’ satisfaction with EFRs was between “general” and “satisfied”; (2) the lack of policy identity and information mastery are the necessary conditions for low and high satisfaction of EFRs, respectively; (3) perception of implementation played a core role in high policy satisfaction, while a lack of information mastery and perception of implementation were the core variables that caused low policy satisfaction. Through comprehensive comparison, it was found that the conditional variables of policy cognition had an important impact on both high and low policy satisfaction. Enhancing the information grasp degree of ecological forest rangers and improving the perception level of policy implementation was the best strategy to effectively improve the satisfaction levels of ecological forest rangers with the policy. By exploring the influencing factors of the satisfaction with the current ecological forest ranger policy and analyzing the comprehensive effect of the configuration of each factor, this paper provides a reference for further improving the ecological forest ranger policy and consolidating the ecological poverty alleviation results in the future.

Identifying the evolution of ecological poverty alleviation efficiency and its influencing factors: evidence from counties in Northeast China.

Ecological poverty alleviation (EPA) is an effective strategy to address the vicious circle of poverty and environmental destruction in poor areas. However, it remains controversial whether this strategy has really succeeded in this respect. Previous research investigated the impact of a certain factor on EPA, and only few studies integrated them to explore their differential effects, thereby overlooking the complexity of EPA. Therefore, this study quantified the overall efficiency of the EPA strategies of 28 poor counties in three provinces of Northeast China from 2005 to 2018 by using a super-efficiency slacks-based measure model. This model can take into account undesirable outputs; as such, it has significant advantages in measuring the coordination among economic and social development and environmental protection. The Tobit model was used to explore the factors influencing EPA efficiency. The results show that, first, the majority of counties investigated had an EPA efficiency below the overall national average. Second, as for the factors influencing EPA efficiency, it was found that (1) GDP per capita and investment in environmental governance favored EPA efficiency, as they are conducive to stimulating regional consumption dynamics and achieving green economic development; (2) science and technology expenditure and urbanization were not conducive to EPA efficiency; and (3) industrial structure and trade had insignificant effects on EPA efficiency, due to the small scale of industry and the inadequacy of the policy system. This study assessed EPA efficiency from a holistic perspective, and addressed the controversies over EPA's influencing factors, thereby providing an effective method to conduct regional EPA assessment and improve EPA performance in poor regions of China.

How China Achieves the Delicate Balance in Ecological Poverty Alleviation: A Systems Thinking Perspective

Ecological poverty alleviation (EPA) is a syngenetic approach to tackling challenges in alleviating extreme poverty and ecological protection. Such an approach is crucial to help countries facing these two challenges to accelerate their progression towards meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in 2030. Prior research on EPA was focusing on understanding EPA from a national perspective and limited consideration was given to regional pertinence. This study uses systems thinking to construct causal loop diagrams (CLDs) and analyzes the mechanisms of EPA in Lanping County, Yunnan Province based on qualitative material. It reveals that the dynamics mechanism of EPA in Lanping County consists of seven reinforcing feedback loops and ten balancing feedback loops. Results indicate that external support, funding resources, employment, and endogenous-driven industrial development are the key drivers to successful EPA. Policies should be taken to avoid the risk of returning to poverty caused by the withdrawal of external support. This study proposes an effective tool with system foresight for exploring the mechanism of EPA and provides reference suggestions for poverty alleviation and development worldwide.

Realization and Prediction of Ecological Restoration Potential of Vegetation in Karst Areas

Based on the vegetation ecological quality index retrieved by satellite remote sensing in the karst areas of Guangxi in 2000–2019, the status of the ecological restoration of the vegetation and the influencing factors of the ecological restoration potential of the vegetation were analyzed. Then, habitats with a similar ecological restoration potential were categorized and the maximum ecological restoration potential of the vegetation was estimated. Finally, realization and prediction models of the ecological restoration potential of the vegetation were constructed to evaluate the realization degree and provide predictions. The quality of the ecological restoration was good in the study region, and the vegetation ecological quality index showed a fluctuating increasing trend. In the study region, 96.25%, 92.92%, 97.14%, and 99.07% of the total area was shown to have good ecological quality of the vegetation in 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2019, respectively. Terrain, soil, vegetation types, and climatic conditions had significant impacts on the ecological restoration of the vegetation. With the increase in the soil sand content, the changes in the vegetation ecological quality indexes were significant at altitudes of 200 m, 400 m, and 800 m and slopes of 15°, 25°, and 35°. The ecological restoration potential was the highest for forests, peaking at 87.5, followed by shrubs and grasses (87.4), and farmland (85.4). The partial and multiple correlations of the temperature, precipitation, and vegetation ecological quality index were significant, and the climate driving zones were divided into the strong driving zone of temperature and precipitation, temperature-dominated driving zone, precipitation-dominated driving zone, weak driving zone of temperature and precipitation, and non-climate driving zone. There was a high realization of the ecological restoration potential of the vegetation. The vegetation ecological quality in 97.95% of the area was restored, of which regions classified as maintaining growth, having slow growth, and having rapid growth accounted for 79.73%, 18.09%, and 0.13%, respectively, indicating that projects of rocky desertification control and ecological poverty alleviation were well implemented. In the future, the ecological restoration potential of the vegetation is predicted to be mainly low and medium. The areas with low potential are predicted to be mainly distributed in the north and southeast of Hechi, the northwest of Baise, and the west of Chongzuo, where the vegetation ecological quality and ecological restoration of the vegetation are predicted to be good, thus the restoration gap is predicted to be small. The areas with medium potential are predicted to be mainly distributed in the south of Hechi, the south of Baise, and the north of Chongzuo, where the vegetation ecological quality was restored well but further restoration could be beneficial. This research can provide technical support for future evaluations of the ecological restoration of vegetation, as well as construction, in the karst areas in the future.

Does Eco-Compensation Alleviate Rural Poverty? New Evidence from National Key Ecological Function Areas in China.

The Transfer Payment Policy of National Key Ecological Functional Areas (TPEFAP), a well-known ecological compensation (eco-compensation) scheme in China, has been proposed by the government to alleviate ecological poverty and protect the environment. In literature, the effectiveness of the TPEFAP on environmental conservation has been widely examined, while few pay attention to the effect of the TPEFAP on poverty alleviation, especially with the consideration of its spatial spillovers as well. In this paper, we utilize panel data covering the key ecological functional areas of China during the period 2011–2018 to evaluate the impact of the TPEFAP on poverty alleviation and also its spatial spillovers by employing the synthetic control method (SCM) and the dynamic spatial Durbin model, respectively. Specifically, we apply the entropy weight method (EWM) to calculate the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) and measure pro-poor effect in terms of MPI change. The results show that: (1) TPEFAP has stable positive effects on MPI in Hubei, Yunnan, Jilin, Gansu, and Ningxia, while the impact on Qinghai fluctuates. (2) MPI presents a significant spatial correlation. Furthermore, both the direct and indirect effects of TPEFAP on MPI are significant and stable positive, for both short- or long-term. (3) For potential channels, rural non-farm employment, rural labor mobility, and agricultural productivity are the key pathways through which the TPEFAP can alleviate poverty both in local and adjacent provinces. However, it is difficult to find significant positive spatial spillovers for the TPEFAP if only the natural resources scale is considered. This study indicates that the government should pay attention to the policy expectations of ecological poverty alleviation and, in future eco-compensation, must further increase the coverage of subsidies and diversify the forms of subsidies.

Farmers’ livelihood strategies and sensitivity to climate change: Evidence from southwest China

Although urbanization has deeply changed farmers’ livelihoods, the improvement of their adaptation to climate change is not yet particularly clear, due to many interactive pressures and complex differences in farmers’ livelihood strategies. This study uses 2-year household survey panel data from Na’Yong and Zhen’Xiong in southwest China, both of which are typically affected by meteorological disasters. First, we constructed a multi-dimensional induction of sensitivity indicators. Then, we divided farmers’ livelihood strategies and identified their sensitivity levels. Finally, we extracted the typical characteristics of farmers’ livelihood strategies that contribute to low sensitivity. The research shows that although non-agricultural labour can improve the income level of farmers, there is no clear positive relationship between farmers’ income and their sensitivity. Levels of sensitivity depend not only on the risk of farmers with a higher exposure to the natural environment but also on the ability of farmers to disperse and avoid natural risks. Livelihood strategies with lower sensitivities have three main characteristics: diversification, marketization and ecological sustainability. This study provides a practical basis for the sustainable livelihood of farmers in the context of climate change and attempts to provide a reference for other developing countries towards the end of achieving ecological poverty alleviation.

A Frugal Eco-Innovation Policy? Ecological Poverty Alleviation in Contemporary China from a Perspective of Eco-Civilization Progress

Ecological poverty alleviation is a discursive and policy system with rich theoretical implications, comprehensive policy tools and multiple practical approaches, constituting an important dimension of contemporary Chinese poverty alleviation theory and practice, or a complete case of eco-innovation. Promoting green development, establishing ecological public-welfare compensation mechanisms and organizing ecological relocation are the three major modes or paths of implementing this policy. It is undoubtedly a historic success on the one hand and has still great potential for self-adjustment or self-transformation on the other from a perspective of eco-civilization progress or sustainability.

Regional land ecological security evaluation and ecological poverty alleviation practice: A case study of Yangxian County in Shaanxi Province, China

Regional land ecological security evaluation and ecological poverty alleviation practice: A case study of Yangxian County in Shaanxi Province, China

The Impact of Government Official Assessment on Ecological Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies.

Ecological poverty alleviation launched by the Chinese government is an innovative green development measure that combines targeted poverty alleviation with ecological protection to realize the ecological environmental protection and income growth of the impoverished population. Based on the Chinese government’s policy of poverty alleviation assessment for provincial government officials in 2016, this paper studies whether the assessment of government officials promote enterprises’ participation in ecological poverty alleviation. Using the sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2016 to 2020, the empirical test shows that the more important the assessment of poverty alleviation by officials, the more likely local enterprises are to participate in targeted poverty alleviation and the higher the investment level is likely to be. The results pass a series of robustness tests. In addition, this paper further finds that enterprise participation in ecological poverty alleviation can effectively reduce local water pollution, air pollution and solid pollution, thus improving the ecological environment. It suggests that the assessment mechanism of Chinese government officials can effectively promote multi-dimensional ecological poverty alleviation. The contributions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, it is helpful to expand the relevant literature on enterprise environmental protection from the perspective of ecological poverty alleviation. Secondly, it is helpful to expand the literature related to government–enterprise interaction from the perspective of the assessment of government officials. Finally, it is helpful to enrich and expand the relevant literatures on promotion incentives of government officials from the perspective of ecological poverty alleviation.

Does agro-ecological efficiency contribute to poverty alleviation? An empirical study based on panel data regression.

Worldwide degradation of the ecological environment could be the cause of poverty. The poverty-stricken areas may face the dilemma of a "vicious circle of poverty." The complex ecological conditions have intertwined with poverty alleviation, which makes the demand for ecological poverty alleviation particularly prominent in these areas. However, the research on the relationship between agro-ecological efficiency and poverty are limited. It is far from clear what is the impact of the agro-ecological efficiency on poverty. To explore the impact of agro-ecological efficiency on poverty reduction, we adopt the panel data model based on cross-correlation and regression coefficient, using the data from 25 counties/districts in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) from 2006 to 2017. The results show that (1) there is significant heterogeneity in agro-ecological efficiency in the TGRR, and the agro-ecological efficiency in the middle area is significantly lower than that of the head and tail areas of the TGRR; (2) the improvement of regional agro-ecological efficiency could accelerate the alleviation of poverty; and (3) the widening of urban-rural income disparity is not conducive to poverty alleviation and eradication. This study would provide basis for further policy recommendations aimed at improving agro-ecological efficiency and alleviating poverty.

Evaluation of the Types and Comprehensive Effects of Ecological Migration in China: Taking the Ecological Protection and Land Tenure Protection of Xihaigu Area in Ningxia as an Example

The ecological migration project in the Xihaigu Area of Ningxia, the first of such projects to be initiated with the longest history, is a typical example of China's ecological migration projects. Through the methods of field investigation, in-depth interviews, and examination of typical cases, the paper aims to evaluate Xihaigu's ecological migration project in the aspects of ecological restoration, poverty alleviation, income increase and social development. The conclusion is that China's ecological immigrants represented by Xihaigu's example have reached ecological improvement goals and economic and social development. At the same time, due to the government's vigorous promotion of this process, the fairness of the distribution of benefits for migrants in the earlier and later stages is slightly unbalanced, and the ecological protection awareness of the immigrants was always insufficient. The later process of immigration was relatively too fast, and ecological migration still faces further challenges.

Ecosystem Service Function and Assessment of the Value of Grape Industry in Soil-Burial Over-Wintering Areas

As a representative economic crop with the potential for long-term sustainable development, grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) bring direct economic benefits to the people, and the indirect ecological benefits produced by grapevines cannot be ignored. This study utilized relevant statistical data from the government sectors and data obtained at vineyards and wineries through interviews and surveys. The value of the ecosystem service of the grape industry in soil-burial over-wintering areas was first evaluated from four first-level indicators types and 10 s-level indicators types, using Hongsibu of the eastern foothill of Helan Mountain, Ningxia, as an example. The results show that the total current benefits of the grape industry ecosystem service function in Hongsibu are ¥ 1067 million. The direct economic benefits are ¥ 660 million and indirect ecological benefits are ¥ 407 million. The value ranking of the first-level function types is as follows: supply services > cultural services > support services > regulatory services. The ranking of the value of second-level function types is as follows: food production > ecological poverty alleviation > biodiversity > carbon fixation and oxygen release > ecotourism > air purification > nutrient accumulation > water conservation and efficiency > water holding > soil conservation. Cultivation measures (such as burial-free cultivation technology, inter-row grass technology, and suspending grape branches after winter pruning technology) increased the value of the service function of the grape ecosystem and explored some potential benefits. The results indicated the necessity of assessing ecosystem service value of the grape industry, which could enable people to realize the direct economic benefits as well as the ecological benefits. Meanwhile, the positive effects of cultivation techniques on the value of ecosystem service function were demonstrated in soil-burial over-wintering areas. This study provides important reference value and comprehensive guidance for the healthy and sustainable development of the grape industry.

Analysis of China's Forest Protection Policy from the Perspective of Policy Tools

From the perspective of policy tools, this paper using content analysis to analyze 43 central-level policy texts related to forest protection from 1990 to 2016, and divides forest protection policy tools into 16 items and 4 major types. Research conclusion: Among the four policy tools, command-and-control policy tools are used the most, followed by economic incentives, and the use of information disclosure and voluntary participation policy tools is relatively inadequate. Based on the above conclusions, this paper makes the following suggestions: To increase the use of economic incentives, information disclosure and voluntary participation policy tools, it is also possible to strengthen the use of information disclosure and voluntary participation policy tools through reasonable system design. In the newly implemented forestry ecological poverty alleviation field, explore and introduce new forestry ecological poverty alleviation policies and new mechanisms based on public participation, and comprehensively enhance the policy demonstration role of forestry in building a long-term poverty alleviation mechanism.

Synthesize dual goals: A study on China’s ecological poverty alleviation system

How to break the vicious cycle of poverty and ecological degradation is widely concerned and discussed. In the poverty alleviation practices in China, ecological poverty alleviation (EPA) is regarded as an important way to synthesize the dual goals of poverty reduction and environmental protection and to achieve the win-win outcomes. Many Chinese researchers have fruitful research achievements on EPA yet they do not recognize that EPA is not a simple combination of various policies, but a complex system involving multiple policy instruments, governmental agencies, social forces, and agents. However, few studies abroad illustrate EPA in detail. They focus more on specific components of EPA such as payment for ecosystem services while overlooking the integral concept of EPA and practices from China. Based on field research in Guizhou Province, China, this paper proposes a framework of EPA with an effective multi-agent and co-government system, for demonstrating the concept and practice of EPA. With case analysis, we illustrate key elements in this system and their relationships, and how they play a vital role in pursuing win-win outcomes in environmental protection and poverty alleviation. The three dimensions of this EPA system have been discussed. The first is to strengthen the interaction among the agents. Many efforts should be made for establishing an efficient communication routine and a stable relationship among their interests. The second is to reinforce the connection between diverse elements in each policy subsystem, such as the systematization and coordination of the ecological industry development, the systematization of the links before, during, and after the relocation of ecological immigrants, etc. The third is to promote the interactions between the three subsystems, so that ecological enhancement, ecological compensation, and industrial development, and migration and relocation can promote each other, and ultimately promote the coordination of poverty alleviation and ecological protection in poverty-stricken areas. Thus, this paper analyzes how to establish the communication routine among the relevant agents of EPA, the interaction among the internal elements of the subsystems, and the relationship between the subsystems in series, trying to reveal the basic operating mechanism of the system.

RETRACTED: Agricultural operation mode selection and development mechanism in ecological fragile areas under the background of china’s rural revitalization

Ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization is a strategic decision made by the central government to solve the problems of ecological protection and rural sustainable poverty alleviation. At present, the dominant agricultural operation modes in China can be roughly divided into three types: family farm mode, agricultural enterprise mode and cooperative mode. Practice has proved that different agricultural operation modes have different effects. In ecological fragile areas, how to adopt agricultural operation modes can not only promote agricultural prosperity and increase farmers' income, but also protect the ecological environment and promote the coordinated development of ecology and economy needs further analysis. Based on the current rural revitalization strategy and ecological protection background, this paper analyzes the operation mechanism of agricultural operation mode from the principal-agent and ecological land rent theory, and analyzes the development dimensions of advantageous agriculture of various modes. On the basis of rural and farmers, this paper provides references for the selection of agricultural operation mode in different regions. There are many factors that need to be considered in the choice of agricultural operation mode in ecological fragile area. In the future, each region should conduct analysis and treatment according to its own actual situation.

Policy Assessment and Recommendations for Forestry-Based Ecological Poverty Alleviation: An Empirical Study from the Prefectures of Nujiang and Aba, Southwestern China

China has adopted a long-term campaign against poverty. In recent decades, there is an increasing understanding that ecological poverty alleviation can meet the dual goals of environmental protection and rural poverty reduction. China is pivoting towards forestry-based poverty reduction in the severely poverty-stricken areas. However, several key factors remain elusive, including the extent to which the poor people benefit from forestry programs, whether they are satisfied with the policies and whether the policies are effective for poverty alleviation. Based on data collected through a questionnaire survey of 79 households in the prefectures of Nujiang and Aba, southwestern China, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach was used to examine the effectiveness of the forestry-based poverty alleviation policy. The results showed that four poverty alleviation pathways, including industry, employment, micro-finance and pairing assistance in villages, had obviously increased the incomes of the filing poor households and solved the problem of “Two Worries-free and Three Guarantees”. The poor were satisfied with the forestry-based ecological poverty alleviation policies and these policies had good effects in fighting against poverty. However, there are still some shortcomings, such as a lack of active participation, imperfect targeted identification, lack of funds and limited sources of funds during the policy implementation. Our results highlight the importance of the forestry industry and the public welfare position in the alleviation of poverty in the poverty-stricken areas. Synergies between ecological protection and poverty reduction are possible through sound forestry-based policies. This article recommends five policies to simultaneously realize the potential of poverty alleviation and environment protection through forestry development.

An Evolutionary Game Analysis on the Ecological Poverty Alleviation Industry

Ecological poverty alleviation is a new idea that combines environmental protection and poverty alleviation, and the ecological industry poverty alleviation is an important part of it. The ecological poverty alleviation industry involves multiple bodies. Since different bodies have different strategic choices, there is a complex game relationship between them. From the perspective of evolutionary game, this article explores the game situation between local government and enterprises in the ecological poverty alleviation industry, and puts forward corresponding policy recommendations based on the results of game analysis.

生态系统服务与贫困关联视角下生态扶贫策略的实施路径

生态文明建设与脱贫攻坚均是重要的国家战略。由于贫困与生态环境问题存在紧密耦合关系，在生态保护修复中探索生态扶贫措施的实施路径可获得生态环境改善与社会经济发展的双赢。构建生态系统服务-贫困关联分析模型，以山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点的山西省宁武县和静乐县为例，通过村级多维贫困指数（VPI）评价贫困程度，并结合生态系统服务识别出生态修复与生态系统服务提升的重点地区，最后在这些区域布局合适的生态扶贫措施。结果表明处于高贫困的区域占研究区总面积的41%，中贫困所占面积比例为47%，低贫困所占面积比例为12%，地形条件、劳动力状况、生活水平的差异构成了宁武县和静乐县贫困的空间分布格局。研究区水源涵养、土壤保持、食物供给等生态系统服务计算结果分别与贫困程度叠加出九种类型，并根据叠加结果将研究区划分为低贫困修复区、低贫困保护区、中贫困修复区、高贫困修复区和高贫困保护区五个区域，提出在高贫困保护区、低贫困保护区实施以保护为主的扶贫措施，在低贫困修复区、中贫困修复区、高贫困修复区要利用生态修复的契机解决乡镇的主要致贫因素。研究为贫困或欠发达的农村区域生态保护修复与生态扶贫的结合提供借鉴参考。;The ecological civilization and poverty alleviation are both important national strategies. Because there is a close coupling relationship between poverty and eco-environmental problems, exploring the implementation path of ecological poverty alleviation measures in ecological protection and restoration can achieve a win-win situation between ecological environment improvement and socio-economic development. In this paper, an analysis model of correlation between ecosystem service and poverty was constructed. Ningwu and Jingle counties in Shanxi Province was taken as the case area, where there are pilot projects of ecological protection and restoration of mountain-water-forests-cropland-lakes-grasses. The village-level multidimensional poverty indicators (VPI) is used to evaluate the poverty level and identify key areas for ecological restoration in conjunction with ecosystem services, and layout appropriate ecological poverty alleviation measures. The results show that high poverty areas account for 41% of the study area, middle poverty areas account for 47%, and low poverty areas account for 12%. Differences in terrain conditions, labor conditions, and living standards have formed the different spatial distribution pattern of poverty in Ningwu and Jingle County. The calculation results of ecosystem services such as water conservation, soil conservation, food supply in the study area were superimposed on the poverty level for each of the nine types. Based on the superimposed results, the study area is divided into five types of zones:low-poverty restoration area, low-poverty protection area, middle-poverty restoration area, high-poverty restoration area, and high-poverty protection area. The protection-oriented poverty alleviation measures will be implemented at the low-poverty protection area and high-poverty protection area. It shall use the opportunity of ecological restoration to solve the main poor factors at low-poverty restoration area, middle-poverty restoration area and high-poverty restoration area. This study provides a reference for the combination of ecological protection and restoration with ecological poverty alleviation in poor and underdeveloped rural areas.