Abstract
The ecological migration project in the Xihaigu Area of Ningxia, the first of such projects to be initiated with the longest history, is a typical example of China's ecological migration projects. Through the methods of field investigation, in-depth interviews, and examination of typical cases, the paper aims to evaluate Xihaigu's ecological migration project in the aspects of ecological restoration, poverty alleviation, income increase and social development. The conclusion is that China's ecological immigrants represented by Xihaigu's example have reached ecological improvement goals and economic and social development. At the same time, due to the government's vigorous promotion of this process, the fairness of the distribution of benefits for migrants in the earlier and later stages is slightly unbalanced, and the ecological protection awareness of the immigrants was always insufficient. The later process of immigration was relatively too fast, and ecological migration still faces further challenges.
Highlights
1.1 The Ecological Desolation of Xihaigu, NingxiaThe environmental issues of Xihaigu, Ningxia, marked by soil salinization, ecological degradation and lack of freshwater, had deep climate, ecological and anthropogenic roots in its history
The region was deemed “unfit for human settlement” by the United Nations in 1972, suffering from environment-induced poverty. To change this situation and repair local ecology, ecological migration in Xihaigu started in its primary form in 1980 - the “Diaozhuang” mode of migration
It resettled residents of Xihaigu to the flatlands near Yinchuan city, where they reclaimed land that was more suitable for farming or sought opportunities in the city. This “Diaozhuang” mode later morphed into ecological migration policies starting from 2000
Summary
1.1 The Ecological Desolation of Xihaigu, NingxiaThe environmental issues of Xihaigu, Ningxia, marked by soil salinization, ecological degradation and lack of freshwater, had deep climate, ecological and anthropogenic roots in its history. 1.1 The Ecological Desolation of Xihaigu, Ningxia. The region was deemed “unfit for human settlement” by the United Nations in 1972, suffering from environment-induced poverty. To change this situation and repair local ecology, ecological migration in Xihaigu started in its primary form in 1980 - the “Diaozhuang” mode of migration. It resettled residents of Xihaigu to the flatlands near Yinchuan city, where they reclaimed land that was more suitable for farming or sought opportunities in the city. This “Diaozhuang” mode later morphed into ecological migration policies starting from 2000. Large-scale ecological migration has brought about important research topics such as land ownership in ecological migration, ecological effect of migration, and evaluation of social improvement and poverty elimination
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