Ecological Environmental Pollution Research Articles

Synergistic effect of iron tailings, steel slag and red mud cementitious materials on Mechanical and microstructure properties

Utilizing industrial solid waste for cementitious materials addresses ecological environmental pollution, and contributes significantly to reducing carbon emission, thus fostering sustainable development. The cementitious materials were prepared using three types of solid waste: red mud (RM), iron tailings (IR) and steel slag (SS) in this study. The impact of the synergistic interaction between RM-IR-SS on the mechanical properties was investigated. Additionally, the hydration products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry derivative thermogravimetry (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the optimum strength reached 11.83 MPa after curing 28 d with a composition of 30% RM, 40% IR, 30% SS a solid-liquid ratio of 0.35 and an alkaline activator module of 1.30. RM was found to be rich in OH-, which formed an alkaline solution upon contact with water. This solution, in interaction with alkaline activators, effectively dissolved large amount of Si and Al substances from RM, IR and SS. The dissolved Na+, Ca2+, [Al(OH)6]3-, [H3SiO4]-, [H3AlO4]2-, and OH- reacted to generate ettringite, C-S-H, and C(N)-A-S-H gels. The diffusion of these gel and ettringite, coupled with the reduction of porosity, formed a dense matrix structure, which improved the mechanical properties. The research establishes a solid foundation for the optimal utilization of alkali, calcareous, and silica-aluminum solid waste, further contributing to a more sustainable industrial ecosystem through their synergistic utilization as building materials.

Synergistic effect of iron tailings, steel slag and red mud cementitious materials on mechanical and microstructure properties

Utilizing industrial solid waste for cementitious materials addresses ecological environmental pollution, and contributes significantly to reducing carbon emission, thus fostering sustainable development. The cementitious materials were prepared using three types of solid waste: red mud (RM), iron tailings (IR) and steel slag (SS) in this study. The impact of the synergistic interaction between RM-IR-SS on the mechanical properties was investigated. Additionally, the hydration products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry derivative thermogravimetry (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the optimum strength reached 11.83 MPa after curing 28 d with a composition of 30 % RM, 40 % IR, 30 % SS a solid-liquid ratio of 0.35 and an alkaline activator module of 1.30. RM was found to be rich in OH−, which formed an alkaline solution upon contact with water. This solution, in interaction with alkaline activators, effectively dissolved large amount of Si and Al substances from RM, IR and SS. The dissolved Na+, Ca2+, [Al(OH)6]3-, [H3SiO4]-, [H3AlO4]2-, and OH− reacted to generate ettringite, C–S–H, and C(N)-A-S-H gels. The diffusion of these gel and ettringite, coupled with the reduction of porosity, formed a dense matrix structure, which improved the mechanical properties. The research establishes a solid foundation for the optimal utilization of alkali, calcareous, and silica-aluminum solid waste, further contributing to a more sustainable industrial ecosystem through their synergistic utilization as building materials.

The Effects of Ocean Governance on Marine Economic Development from an Environmental Optimization Perspective

The oceans and seas are vital resources for human life and fundamental to global economic growth. With the expansion of globalization and increasing demand for resource exploitation, the ocean economy has emerged as a critical support for economic growth and a significant concern for many. However, the exploitation of marine resources often leads to ecological damage and environmental pollution, seriously threatening the long-term viability of the marine economy. Measures must be implemented to balance ecological protection and economic development for sustainable growth in the marine sector. This investigation synthesizes over a decade’s worth of data from various coastal cities, incorporating insights from national databases, international reports, and scholarly articles, resulting in an analysis of more than 500 data points. Through the application of a rigorous quantitative approach and a dual fixed-effect model, the study delves into the dynamics between ocean governance and economic development. By analyzing a broad and representative dataset, the research provides an exhaustive overview of global ocean governance frameworks and the current state of the marine economy. The statistical analyses unveil the complexity and diversity of factors influencing the development and governance of marine economies. This paper explores the interplay between marine economic development and ocean governance, evaluating the impact of governance on marine economic progression within the context of environmental optimization. Furthermore, it proposes policy interventions aimed at fostering the sustainable growth of marine economies, ensuring the conservation of marine ecosystems, and pursuing overarching long-term global growth ambitions.

Study on Slump and Compressive Strength of Gangue Based on Aggregate Size Gradation

In order to solve the ecological environment pollution caused by a large amount of coal gangue accumulation and the problems of poor conveying performance and low support strength of paste filling materials. Based on the standard slump test and uniaxial compressive strength test, the slump and compressive strength (post-coagulation) of gangue paste under different aggregate size aggregations were obtained through orthogonal experiments in this study. The results show that the slump of the gangue filling paste with four types of aggregate size gradations is negatively correlated with the mass fraction, and the slump of the filling paste with a coarser aggregate content is more obviously affected by the mass fraction The increase of fine aggregate content has a significant impact on the compressive strength of the filling paste, which shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the mixing ratio of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate is 5:5, the compressive strength of the paste reaches the best. In addition, different proportions of aggregate mixing cause the filling paste to form different skeleton structures, including the skeleton void structure at 7:3 or 6:4, the skeleton dense structure at 5:5, and the skeleton suspension structure at 4:6, which are decisive for the final performance of the paste. By analyzing the experimental results of the compressive strength and slump of the gangue filling paste, it was found that the relationship between the compressive strength and slump of the gangue filling paste is a power index function. Through data fitting, it was found that the regression coefficient of the fitting function is no less than 0.97, and the fitting effect is good for evaluating the strength of the filling paste under the aggregate size grading.

Research on in-Situ Covering and Remediation Technology for Polluted Sediment in Village and Town Ponds

With the rapid development of the social economy and the continuous acceleration of urbanization, the development gap between urban and rural areas has become increasingly large. The infrastructure construction of villages and towns has seriously lagged behind urban development, resulting in a large amount of household waste and industrial wastewater being discharged into village ponds and rivers in daily life and development. This has led to an increasing amount of sludge at the bottom of village ponds, as well as the accumulation of heavy metal pollutants, oxygen consuming substances, and other substances, which can easily cause serious ecological environment pollution. By attaching great importance to this and adopting in-situ covering and restoration technology of sediment, we can effectively control the pollution of sediment in village ponds and protect the environment of villages and towns.

Spatial–temporal evolution and peer effects of urban green development efficiency in China

In the process of global urban development, there are urgent ecological security and environmental pollution problems, green development is the fundamental way for urban sustainable development, economic transformation and mitigation of ecological and environmental problems. Based on the panel data of 283 cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2003 to 2017, this paper analyzes spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of urban green development efficiency (UGDE) and the peer effects of UGDE between cities of different grades. It is found that during the study period, in terms of temporal evolution, the average UGDE in China increased from 0.47 in 2003 to 0.61 in 2017, with a cumulative growth rate of 29.79%, showing a rising trend in general. In terms of spatial evolution, the number of low-efficiency cities and medium-efficiency cities continued to decrease. The eastern region has always been the main distribution area of higher-efficiency cities and high-efficiency cities; in the central region, UGDE in most cities improved significantly; in the western region, UGDE has always lagged behind that in the eastern and central regions. In addition, the center of gravity of UGDE presented a trend of northwest migration in general, with a total displacement of 100.07 km, and UGDE showed a spatial dispersion trend. The empirical results indicate that the improvement of UGDE in large cities has a driving effect on that in neighboring medium cities and small cities through the positive peer effect, and the growth of UGDE in medium cities has a promoting effect on that in neighboring small cities through the positive peer effect; the increase of UGDE in medium cities has a positive peer effect on that in neighboring large cities, and the growth of UGDE in small cities has a positive peer effect on that in neighboring medium cities; UGDE promotes each other between large cities through the positive peer effect.

Mechanisms of resilience in cities at different development phases: A system dynamics approach

Ecological degradation, environmental pollution, and lack of resources have brought challenges to sustainable urban development, whereas the concept of resilience provides a new normative and analytical tool to investigate urban responses to changes. To explore the mechanisms of resilience in cities at different development phases, this study employs a system dynamics approach to simulate and compare the evolutionary state of different resilient subsystems, including economic, social, ecological and infrastructure modules within cities. Then taking Beijing, Fuzhou, and Urumqi in China, three cities at different development stages as examples, the evolution of urban resilience systems from 2000 to 2035 is simulated under the socio-economic development scenario. The results show urban resilience in the three case study cities evolves in different trajectories with distinctive features showcasing different development phase. This study constructs a resilient city system dynamics model, which provides references for future quantitative resilience simulations and can be adapted and applied to resilience simulations of cities in different contexts. In addition, the case study provides distinct policy recommendations for resilience building in cities at various stages of development and points out key areas for resilience building in different cities.

Does green location-oriented policy enhance ecological resources and reduce air pollution? Empirical analysis from counties in China

Green location-oriented policy plays a vital role in improving the ecological security. Using the multi-phase difference-in-difference (DID) method, this study evaluates the impact of national key ecological functional areas (NKEFA) on ecological resources and environmental pollution. There are several important findings. Firstly, NKEFA effectively enhances ecological resources and reduces air pollution, the policy effect only manifests after two years of implementation. Secondly, NKEFA has indirectly improved air quality by promoting technological innovation, advanced industrial structure, and regional ecological resource quality. Moreover, the relationship between NKEFA and ecological resources is negatively regulated by industrialization and economic agglomeration, while the relationship between NKEFA and air pollution is positively regulated by them. Thirdly, NKEFA has the strongest impact on enhancing ecological resources in the eastern region, and it is more effective in reducing air pollution in the central and eastern regions compared to the western regions. Furthermore, the NKEFA demonstrates the greatest effectiveness in promoting ecological resources and reducing air pollution in water and soil conservation areas. However, there is a spatial spillover effect, which suggests that this policy has some negative impacts on the surrounding counties’ ecological environment.

Dynamic change of forest ecological carrying rate in Yunnan province

Based on the concept of green development, with Yunnan Province as the research object and forest ecological carrying rate as the target layer, two sub-systems of forest ecological carrying capacity and environmental pollution pressure were constructed. The TOPSIS method was used to calculate the forest ecological carrying capacity and environmental pollution pressure index of Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2020, so as to obtain the forest ecological carrying rate. The results showed that: (1) the forest ecological carrying capacity index in Yunnan Province increased first, then decreased and then increased in the past 10 years. (2) The environmental pollution pressure index of Yunnan Province showed an overall rising trend in the past 10 years. (3) The forest ecological carrying rate in Yunnan Province is still in overload state. Therefore, to improve the level of forest ecological carrying capacity in Yunnan Province, it is necessary to formulate relevant policies from two aspects: forest ecological carrying capacity and environmental pollution.

Differential response of the soil nutrients, soil bacterial community structure and metabolic functions to different risk areas in Lead-Zine tailings.

Rapid growth in the mining industry has brought about a large formation of tailings, which result in serious destruction of the ecological environment and severe soil pollution problems. This study assesses soil nutrients, soil bacterial community and soil microbes' metabolic function in heavily polluted areas (W1), moderately polluted areas (W2), lightly polluted areas (W3) and clean areas (CK) using 16S Illumina sequencing. The results of this study showed that compared with CK, a severe loss of soil nutrients and richness of OTUs (Chao1 and ACE indices) were observed with the aggravated pollution of tailings. The Chao1 and ACE indices in the W1 group decreased significantly by 15.53 and 16.03%, respectively, (p < 0.01). Besides, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria was high whereas and relative abundance of Chloroflexi in the polluted areas. Among them, W1 groups increased significantly the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and decreased significantly the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, these can be used as indicator phyla for changes in soil community structures under polluted stress. Tax4 Fun analysis showed that W1 groups affected the soil bacterial community and altered the primary types of biological metabolism in polluted areas. Tailings have adverse impacts on soil bacterial community and metabolic functions, and the deterioration in soil quality is dependent on the levels of tailings pollution. Cumulatively, this study provides valuable information on the bacterial community structure and metabolic functions in the tailing polluted soil.

Explore public concerns about environmental protection on Sina Weibo: evidence from text mining.

The increasingly serious problem of ecological environmental pollution warns the importance of human environmental protection behavior. However, public attention to environmental protection plays an important role in solving environmental problems. Therefore, in order to explore the environmental concerns of Chinese residents, the trends in time and space, the relationship between online retweets, and the extraction of environmental concerns, this study analyzed the data of Sina Weibo users and their comments on related posts. At the same time, we used the text mining analysis method to analyze the social media text data, and the results are as follows. In that analysis of concern about environmental protection, women show a stronger attitude and willingness to protect the environment than men, and the public in economically developed areas is more concerned. In order to further investigate the public's environmental concerns, this study also utilized the PageRank algorithm to further study the forwarding relationships between users. The study found that celebrities and some good media organizations can attract environmental attention. Finally, we use pyLDAvis technology to visualize and analyze popular environmental themes and propose reasonable countermeasures and suggestions to enhance public environmental awareness based on the research results.

Evaluation of Urban Resource Environmental Carrying Capacity and Land Spatial Development Suitability in a Semiarid Area of the Yellow River Basin

At present, the carrying capacity of resources and the environment in some areas has reached an upper limit, and the problems of ecological destruction and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. The overexploitation and disorderly development of land space, resulting in the spatial imbalance between the population economy and the resource environment, is one of the root causes of excessive resource consumption, ecological degradation, and environmental pollution. Resource and environmental carrying capacity and suitability evaluation of land space development is the basis of land space planning. It provides conditions for the modernization of land space governance. The framework provided by the “ Double Evaluation Guide (Trial) “ is universal. It is necessary to adapt it to local conditions and to achieve the ” Double Evalution” results, according to the characteristics of regional development. Taking Hohhot as the research area, which is based on the “Guide”, involves selecting convincing and credible evaluation factors and using the single factor integration method and the discriminant matrix method. The “double evaluation” of Hohhot was also analyzed. This provides basic data for regional high-quality development and land space planning. The results show the following: (1) The ecological function of Hohhot is good. The areas with low importance for ecological protection accounted for about 18%, the areas with medium ecological protection accounted for about 62%, and the areas with high ecological protection accounted for about 21%. (2) The carrying capacity of agricultural function in Hohhot is medium. The carrying capacity of the low polar region accounted for about 23%, the medium polar region’s carrying capacity accounted for about 71%, and the high polar region’s carrying capacity accounted for about 6%. (3) The urban function carrying capacity of Hohhot is medium. The carrying capacity of the low-grade area accounted for about 25%, the medium-grade area’s carrying capacity accounted for about 55%, and the high-grade area’s carrying capacity accounted for about 21%. (4) The overall agricultural production suitability grade of Hohhot is not suitable. (5) The suitability of urban construction in Hohhot is general. The unsuitable area accounts for about 40%, the more suitable area accounts for about 45%, and the most suitable area accounts for about 15%.

Research Progress on Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Microplastics in the Environment

The extensive application of plastic products leads to the increasingly significant harm of plastic wastes to the ecological environment, which is also a focus of global environmental issues. Due to the lack of a sound plastic waste management system, most plastic waste is still treated by the traditional mode or remains in the environment, with low recycling efficiency, and the plastic life cycle has not yet formed. Plastics in the environment will age and degrade under the actions of physical (wear, waves), chemical (ultraviolet radiation, hydrolysis), and biological (fungi, bacteria) factors for a long time and generate micro (nano) plastics. Due to their small particle size, large specific surface area, and charged characteristics, in addition to their own toxicity, they can also be used as carriers or covert carriers of pollutants (heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bacteria, etc.) to migrate in the environment through runoff, sewage discharge, and hydrometeorology, causing ecological environmental pollution. MPs pollution has been listed as the second largest scientific problem in the field of environmental and ecological science by the United Nations Environment Programme. MPs are widely distributed, and there are different degrees of MPs pollution in the global water (freshwater, ocean), soil, and atmospheric environment. Traces of MPs have also been found in human placentas, human breastmilk, living lungs, and blood in recent years. Therefore, the formation mechanisms of MPs under the actions of physics, chemistry, and microorganisms, as well as their abundance levels and migration characteristics in water, soil, and atmosphere environment were comprehensively reviewed, with the hope of providing reference for monitoring the pollution levels of MPs in the environment, exploring their transport laws in the environment, proposing the management strategy of MPs pollution, and revealing the degradation mechanisms of MPs under different effects.

Integration of high visible-light-driven ternary dual Z-scheme AgVO3-InVO4/g-C3N4 heterojunction nanocomposite for enhanced uranium(VI) photoreduction separation

With deepening application of nuclear power technology, the problem of water ecological environment pollution caused by uranium (U(VI)) is becoming increasingly serious. Photoreduction separation of U(VI) on photocatalysts is considered as an effective strategy to solve uranium pollution. In this work, a novel ternary dual Z-scheme AgVO3-InVO4/g-C3N4 heterojunction (Z-AIGH) nanocomposite with high surface area (73.45 m2 g−1, Z-AIGH2) was designed. The batch adsorption experiment in dark environment showed that Z-AIGH2 nanocomposite had an excellent U(VI) adsorption performance. As for photocatalytic experiments, Z-AIGH2 exhibited a rapid photocatalytic response for separating U(VI) without any organic sacrifice agents. The U(VI) separation rate on Z-AIGH2 nanocomposite was over 98.7% after only 20.0 min visible light irradiation (T = 298 K, CU(Ⅵ) = 10.0 mg L−1, m/V = 0.1 g L−1 and pH = 7.0). Z-AIGH2 nanocomposite also showed good selectivity and cycle stability. The U(VI) removal rate of Z-AIGH2 nanocomposite after fifth cycles was about 96.1% (T = 298 K, CU(Ⅵ) = 10.0 mg L−1, m/V = 0.1 g L−1 and pH = 7.0). High photocatalytic activity of Z-AIGH2 for U(VI) was attributed to the construction of ternary dual Z-scheme heterojunction structure and ant nest-like hole structure. Based on above results, Z-AIGH2 nanocomposite had great potential for water environment renovation.

Discussion on the design of compensation standards for regional environmental pollution from the perspective of new structural economics

How to effectively protect the ecological environment while socio-economic development, to achieve the harmonious and sustainable development of human society and the natural ecological environment, has been paid more and more attention by governments and academic circles around the world. Therefore, the design of compensation standards for regional environmental pollution is proposed from the perspective of new structural economics. Based on the perspective of new structural economics, this paper provides a new explanation of the impact of fiscal decentralization on environmental pollution, according to the economic and technical indicators related to ecological environmental pollution, with the help of the subjective and objective empowerment method combined with the analysis of hierarchy method and entropy method, the weight of each ecological environment pollution evaluation index in the evaluation and division of ecological environmental pollution level is studied, and the comprehensive evaluation method is used to construct the ecological environment pollution technology rating evaluation model, and the compensation value of regional environmental pollution is finally obtained by combining the panel regression model. The method of this paper has wide applicability and significant advantages. The experimental results show that the COD emission of the North Water Source Area (QZ) of the Qingzhang River is 208t/a, and the upstream of the drinking water source area needs to compensate 3.88 million yuan downstream for water quality and water ecological restoration.

Research on the factors influencing the development of green finance in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei under the perspective of ecological environmental protection

In today's world, the contradiction between people and the ecological environment is becoming more and more acute. Green finance is an effective method to resolve the contradiction between economic growth and ecological environment pollution, which has been widely recognized by all countries. This paper analyzes the level of green financial development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region through an analytical model of green financial development influencing factors constructed by simulation, combined with ecological environmental protection, and identifies the main influencing factors affecting the level of green financial development in this region. In addition, the realization path proposed in this paper from the perspective of government-led green financial development is, firstly, to improve green finance-related standards, assessment system and green financial legal system. The second is to implement green financial regulation and improve the driving force of green policy and market integration. The research results show that the comprehensive measurement score of green finance development level in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region shows a steady increase between 2016 and 2020, among which the comprehensive measurement score of green finance development level in Beijing is as high as 72.13 in 2020, an increase of 17.32%. It provides theoretical guidance for the improvement of green financial public policies in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei regions.

Regional differentiation in influencing factors of clean renewable energy consumption from the perspective of air pollution prevention and control

Global economic growth is now increasingly conflicting with the sustainable development strategy. In the context of ecological environmental preservation and air pollution prevention and control, this paper probes into the regional differentiation in the influencing factors of clean renewable energy consumption. First and foremost, a brief analysis of the status quo of clean renewable consumption in China was outputted, grounded on data on the input and output of 30 provinces and cities nationwide from 2010 to 2020. Then, national and regional models are built respectively in virtue of differential GMM, systematic GMM, and bias-corrected LSDV methods. Furthermore, efforts were invested in dissecting the working mechanism of the influencing factors and verifying the previous prediction resulting in applying the Tobit regression method. For every 1% increase in the green finance index, the clean renewable energy consumption rises by 0.882 accordingly, said the regression analysis results. Last but not least, it was concluded that the development level of green finance, internet advance, and technological progress significantly positively affected clean renewable energy consumption. While the industrial structure, the degree of openness, and the level of urbanization represented by the proportion of the secondary industry play hardly-seen impact.

Optimization of China's ecological tax system based on GEP development strategy

To reduce ecological environmental pollution and economic loss, and improve national environmental awareness, this paper puts forward the optimization of China's ecological tax system based on the GEP development strategy. Firstly, the analysis shows that GDP focuses on economic operation, while GEP focuses on ecosystem operation. Then, GEP is used to calculate the data of water conservation, soil conservation function, flood regulation and storage, air and water purification, carbon fixation and oxygen release, climate regulation, biological community, and other indicators to obtain the corresponding value. We will use fiscal principles to adjust the sensitivity of economic changes, the principle of fairness to narrow income disparities, and the principle of efficiency to adjust market collection and management, simplify the tax system, and improve national treatment. Finally, the maximization of tax benefits is realized with the minimum tax cost under the tax system. Through experiments, it is proved that this method can effectively explore the development of an ecological tax system, to optimize the overall optimization of tax collection and management up to 0.77.

1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride involved in sequential extraction of lignite to separate group components and its effect on functional groups of residues

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn view of the low economic benefit for direct utilization of lignite, the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) has been used to extract Inner Mongolia lignite (IML) in order to efficiently separate lignite, develop the technology for clean and value‐added utilization of lignite, and alleviate the enormous pressure of ecological environment pollution. Subsequently, sequential extraction of IML by [Bmim]Cl/N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), acetonitrile and ether was employed to separate group components in lignite.RESULTSFunctional group results show that hydrogen bonds of IML including OHether, COOH dimers and SHN, and weak covalent bonds such as CalO, CalN, CalS and SS, can be cleaved by [Bmim]Cl. Extraction experiments using mixed solvents of [Bmim]Cl and NMP or water indicate that the synergistic effect of NMP and [Bmim]Cl plays a vital role in increasing lignite extraction yield, but for water an opposite effect is observed. Importantly, the group components extracted by [Bmim]Cl/NMP and consecutively by acetonitrile and ether show a clear difference in composition according to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Specifically, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and long‐chain alkanes are present in the acetonitrile phase, with relative content of 8% and 88%, respectively, while most of esters, aliphatic acids and phenols are dissolved in ether with proportions of 35.24%, 35.53% and 16.57%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis work demonstrates that sequential extraction of lignite by [Bmim]Cl/NMP, acetonitrile and ether may provide new insights for the separation of group components and clean utilization of lignite in industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Research on the dilemma and development path of rural ecological civilization under the background of rural revitalization

Since the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the rural economy has been greatly improved. However, the development of rural areas is facing environmental and ecological problems. Rural ecological environment is the basis for the survival and development of rural residents, and the basis for the realization of rural economic development. Promoting the construction of rural ecological civilization is not only an important part of promoting the rural revitalization strategy, but also an important part of building a beautiful China and a beautiful countryside. In the process of ecological civilization governance, rural development is hindered by the slow development of rural ecological industry, the weak awareness of farmers' ecological civilization, the serious pollution of rural ecological environment and the inadequate rural infrastructure.