Ecological Economic System Research Articles

Emergy evaluation of positive and negative benefits of agricultural water use based on energy analysis of water cycle

The current assessment of the positive and negative benefits of agricultural water use lacks a depiction of the overall internal energy flow, which lead to the identification and analysis of agricultural water use benefits are not comprehensive enough. Based on the “water supply - water use and consumption - drainage - pollutant carrying” link in the ecological economic system of agricultural water resources, the energy conversion relationship of each link were analyzed, and the main connotation and composition of the positive and negative benefits of agricultural water use were raised, then a set of emergy quantitative method system of the positive and negative benefits of agricultural water use was built. Taking Zhengzhou city as an example, the positive and negative benefits of agricultural water use in 2017 were calculated. The research results show that the negative benefits of agricultural water resources eco-economic system production account for 37.93% of the positive benefits. The main reason for the negative benefits is non-point source pollution caused by TN, TP and COD.Consequently, developing production and social policies to limit the amount of non-point source pollution caused by pollutants in agricultural production is an effective way to increase the efficiency of agricultural water production while reducing the negative benefits generated.

Study on sustainable developments in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2018 based on an improved ecological footprint model

Aiming at the ecological footprint model, the traditional trade adjustment method only considered the international trade process at the urban scale, ignoring the trade footprint generated by domestic trade and indirect trade in various products. This paper adopts the urban-scale ecological footprint model based on the macro-trade adjustment method to calculate the trade adjustment coefficient of biological products and the energy trade adjustment coefficient respectively to correct the trade footprint. The results showed that the per capita ecological deficit showed a straight upward trend, from 0.07351 hm2 in 2013 to 0.15472 hm2 in 2018. From 2013 to 2018, the per capita ecological footprint of Guangdong Province was greater than the per capita ecological carrying capacity, and the ecological economic system of Guangdong Province was in an unsustainable state. According to the trade ecological footprint, Guangdong Province was a completely foreign resource and service exporting city, which was consistent with Guangdong Province’s own economic development direction; the analysis results of the ecological product trade footprint were more consistent with the current city positioning of biological resource products of each city, and the energy indirect trade footprint. The improved ecological footprint model could more accurately assess the true status of ecological vitality above the urban scale.

Coupling coordination degree spatial analysis and driving factor between socio-economic and eco-environment in northern China

Coordinating ecological and socioeconomic development is the only way to achieve regional sustainability. In this paper, the total output value of ecosystem services was selected to evaluate the ecological environment, and socioeconomic indicators were selected to evaluate socioeconomic development. The coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the ecological environment and economy of counties in northern China was evaluated by combining an entropy method and a coupling coordination model. Spatial autocorrelation and a geographical detector model were used to reveal the spatial agglomeration characteristics and factors that influence the coordination degree of the ecological–economic system in northern China. Results showed that, in 2019, most counties were in the ecological–economic transition development stage. Among them, 321 counties had a CCD index between 0.4 and 0.5 (basic coordination stage); 209 counties had a CCD index between 0.5 and 0.6 (primary coordination stage); and 77 counties had a CCD index between 0.6 and 0.8 (moderate coordination stage). The global Moran’s I was 0.349, indicating that there was spatial agglomeration of ecological–economic coupling coordination at a county level. Low-low clusters were mainly found in the central and eastern central part of the study area, and high–high clusters were mainly found in northern Hebei province, Shandong peninsula, and northern Henan province. The factors that influenced the CCD index, ordered from the largest to the smallest, were landscape, terrain, traffic, and climate factors. The interactions between driving factors showed nonlinear and bilinear enhancement. The findings show that the coordination of socioeconomic and ecological development in northern China can be further improved. Relevant policies should emphasize the local ecological advantages, promote the transformation to ecological industrialization, and encourage ecologically and economically balanced development.

Evaluation of the efficiency of regional ecological economic system based on the matrix network DEA model of the global framework

Evaluation of the efficiency of regional ecological economic system based on the matrix network DEA model of the global framework

Evaluation of the efficiency of regional ecological economic system based on the matrix network DEA model of the global framework

Evaluation of the efficiency of regional ecological economic system based on the matrix network DEA model of the global framework

Stability Analysis Model of Eco Economic System based on Discrete Selection

The internal structure of eco-economic system is relatively complex, and its stability is easily affected by external environmental factors such as region, which results in poor accuracy of die results of its analysis. Based on this, the stability analysis model of eco-economic system based on discrete selection is proposed. In order to improve the accuracy of eco-economic system analysis, the characteristics of discrete selection model are analyzed. Based on the principles of scientificity, practicability, regionality, operability and dynamic, and the comprehensive development of four sub-systems of economy, land, environment and society, the indexes of economy, land, environment and society are selected to build the stability evaluation of eco-economic system Price index system: through adjusting the structure of resource utilization, the indexes are selected hierarchically to truly reflect the structure of resource utilization. The weight of each index is obtained by AHP, and the component of each index in the evaluation system is reasonably divided. According to the theory of stochastic utility, the elements of discrete selection model are analyzed, and then the discrete selection model is constructed. By studying the close degree of each evaluation object and ideal solution, the stability analysis of ecological economic system is realized. The experimental results show that the influence of the proposed model on net income per unit is relatively stable at the positive and negative balance points, which is consistent with the actual situation., and the shortest analysis time is 1.2 min, which is feasible.

Обгрунтування комплексу екологічних індикаторів та показників для розробки проектів розвитку населених пунктів та регіонів

An important direction in the development of regional policy is the realization of the active role of regions as subjects of transition to sustainable development of society. Scientific support of regional management requires additional social and ecological-economic system researches taking into account indicators and factors of sustainable development. On the way to the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of the regions, the main problem is the need to develop an effective system for assessing the progress made in this direction with the help of qualitative and quantitative indicators. After all, these indicators should cover three important components of sustainable development of the regions, provide reliable information for further evaluation and forecasting, be understandable to all stakeholders. Today, there is no single approach to determining both the number of indicators to effectively assess the sustainability of regional development and the issues they should cover. Without effective indicators of sustainable development it is impossible to ensure high quality and efficiency of the management decision-making process in all spheres of society. The article identifies and substantiates a set of environmental indicators and indicators that are used to develop projects for the development of settlements and regions. The authors identify the main problems associated with the assessment of sustainable development in the regions and outline the prospects for further research in this area. A brief analysis of indicator systems for forecasting the state of the environment on the example of the settlement of Velyka Snitynka is given. The following research methods are used in the work: theoretical (study and analysis of scientific literature in the fields of ecology, philosophy, pedagogy, methodology; statistical (descriptive and mathematical); sociological; field, expeditionary (population survey, observation and analysis of socio-ecological factors in the village of Velyka Snitinka). The analysis of the main ecological problems of the studied village is made and the main sources of pollution are defined. Indicators and approaches to forecasting the main indicators of the region's development with the use of statistical data are presented, on the basis of which priority tasks and priority measures are developed.

Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services: Reconciling Values of Humans and Nature in Sustainable Development

Agroforestry as active area of multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary research aims to bridge several artificial divides that have respectable historical roots but hinder progress toward sustainable development goals. These include: (1) The segregation of “forestry trees” and “agricultural crops”, ignoring the continuity in functional properties and functions; the farm-scale “Agroforestry-1” concept seeks to reconnect perennial and annual, woody and nonwoody plants across the forest–agriculture divide to markets for inputs and outputs. (2) The identification of agriculture with provisioning services and the assumed monopoly of forests on other ecosystem services (including hydrology, carbon storage, biodiversity conservation) in the landscape, challenged by the opportunity of “integrated” solutions at landscape scale as the “Agroforestry-2” concept explores. (3) The gaps among local knowledge of farmers/agroforesters as landscape managers, the contributions of social and ecological sciences, the path-dependency of forestry, environmental or agricultural institutions, and emerging policy responses to “issue attention cycles” in the public debate, as is the focus of the “Agroforestry-3” concept. Progress in understanding social–ecological–economic systems at the practitioners–science–policy interface requires that both instrumental and relational values of nature are appreciated, as they complement critical steps in progressing issue cycles at the three scales. A set of hypotheses can guide further research.

МОДЕЛЬ ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДИНАМІКИ З ЛІНІЙНИМИ ФУНКЦІЯМИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ

There has been analyzed a decisive role of negative impact of human factors on the processes of nature management and environmental pollution by the remnants of ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING Issue II (82), 2021 81 production activities, which in case of neglect lead to environmental crises, climate change and significant deterioration of the quality of human life. The urgency of the problem of economy ecologization, the mechanisms of ecologization associated with the introduction of technologies that are waste-free or most closely approximate to them, with the development of environmental education, culture, scientific and information support of society in its quest to create environmentally safe living space and, also, the need to balance its socio-economic and environmental characteristics have been disclosed. These characteristics a priori suggest that in modern conditions economy and ecology are closely interrelated, therefore, any economy or economic system should be understood as a single integral ecological-economic system which, in contrast to its constituent subsystems, has some peculiarities inherent only to it. The complexity of the ecological and economic system as an object of research requires the development of a new research methodology that combines a set of principles, methods and tools of scientific knowledge used in various scientific fields. There has been developed dynamic model of a one-sector economy, in which, in addition to the production of basic aggregative products, industrial waste utilization is also carried out. The formalization of the model also takes into account the socio-economic clustering of society, makes it possible to identify groups of production owners and workers in the model and describe the dynamics of their liquid savings, whose role in the functioning of the economy is fundamentally important. In addition to these values, the model variables also include the price of basic products, the tariff for the disposal of production residues and the volume of environmental pollution by non-utilized waste. Taken together, all variable models form the phase space of the trajectories of the ecological-economic dynamics. The model is designed for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamics of ecological-economic systems of the described type. The research of such dynamics is possible in the mode of simulation experiments with a model, the results of which make it possible to identify general trends and patterns of development of a one-sector economy in terms of its ecologization and socio-economic clustering. The features and characteristics established as a result of experimental studies with the model can serve as an important information support for the development of scenarios of ecological-economic development and management decision on the functioning and dynamics of ecological-economic systems in real practice.

On the Coevolution of Economic and Ecological Systems

This review provides a description of common and distinct characteristics of economic and ecological systems; examples of the ways in which these characteristics can be incorporated into models adequately describing the coevolution of the two-component systems to produce a unified ecological-economic system in time, space, and appropriate scale; and a discussion of policy design when the policy maker takes into account this coevolution, along with potential biases when the coevolution is ignored. We propose the development of integrated assessment models of the coevolving systems that will embody the variety of common and distinct characteristics identified in this survey. We expect that such an approach will provide useful insights into the efficient management of coevolving ecological-economic systems.

Managing the Balance of Consumption and Reproduction of Marine Resources in the “Coast – Sea” Ecological-Economic System

Purpose. The work is aimed at constructing an adaptive model of the ecological-economic system of the sea coastal zone intended to control the volume of consumption of marine assimilation and biological resources by the coastal socio-economic system. Methods and Results. The model based on tracking the integral balance of the rates of marine environment pollution and its purification due to the natural physical and biogeochemical processes and to the environmental actions is proposed. The average multi-year values of the ecosystem variables are used in the applied concept of stationary state of the marine ecosystem. To describe the conditions forming the polluted area in the coastal marine environment, proposed is the algorithm taking into account the ratio between the rate of growth of concentration of the pollutants inflowing from the coastal sources and the rate of their destruction resulting from natural purification of marine environment. Coastal pollution runoff was managed by the penalties imposed on the economic system, which was forced to reduce the generalized product output simultaneously increasing its prime cost. In the marine ecosystem model, the main lower links of the food chain were used: concentrations of phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacterioplankton. Their weighted sum constituted the marine biodiversity index, which was taken as a concentration of bio-resource consumed by the coastal economic system. It was believed that there was an inverse relationship between the biodiversity index and the pollution concentration. Therefore, the maximum permissible pollution concentration was assessed based on the permissible values of the biodiversity index. Along with control of the economic efficiency of marine resource consumption, the model provided for the biodiversity index monitoring so that it did not fall below its permissible vales. In this case, the management agent included in the model, limited production. The model equations are constructed by the method of adaptive balance of causes, which preserved the material balances resulting from the interaction between the environmental and economic processes. The modular equations of the method permitted to use the known stationary state of the ecosystem to obtain the estimates of the influence coefficients. It is shown that the forecasted scenarios provide the compromises between the efficiency of the coastal economic system and the ability of marine ecosystem to restore the consumed assimilation and biological resources. Conclusions. The proposed model makes it possible to forecast the scenarios of the ecological and economic processes that provide a balance of consumption and reproduction of marine resources.

Upravleniye balansom potrebleniya i vosproizvodstva resursov morskoy sredy v ekologo-ekonomicheskoy sisteme «bereg – more»

Purpose. The work is aimed at constructing an adaptive model of the ecological-economic system of the sea coastal zone intended to control the volume of consumption of marine assimilation and biological resources by the coastal socio-economic system. Methods and Results. The model based on tracking the integral balance of the rates of marine environment pollution and its purification due to the natural physical and biogeochemical processes and to the environmental actions is proposed. The average multi-year values of the ecosystem variables are used in the applied concept of stationary state of the marine ecosystem. To describe the conditions forming the polluted area in the coastal marine environment, proposed is the algorithm taking into account the ratio between the rate of growth of concentration of the pollutants inflowing from the coastal sources and the rate of their destruction resulting from natural purification of marine environment. Coastal pollution runoff was managed by the penalties imposed on the economic system, which was forced to reduce the generalized product output simultaneously increasing its prime cost. In the marine ecosystem model, the main lower links of the food chain were used: concentrations of phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacterioplankton. Their weighted sum constituted the marine biodiversity index, which was taken as a concentration of bio-resource consumed by the coastal economic system. It was believed that there was an inverse relationship between the biodiversity index and the pollution concentration. Therefore, the maximum permissible pollution concentration was assessed based on the permissible values of the biodiversity index. Along with control of the economic efficiency of marine resource consumption, the model provided for the biodiversity index monitoring so that it did not fall below its permissible vales. In this case, the management agent included in the model, limited production. The model equations are constructed by the method of adaptive balance of causes, which preserved the material balances resulting from the interaction between the environmental and economic processes. The modular equations of the method permitted to use the known stationary state of the ecosystem to obtain the estimates of the influence coefficients. It is shown that the forecasted scenarios provide the compromises between the efficiency of the coastal economic system and the ability of marine ecosystem to restore the consumed assimilation and biological resources. Conclusions. The proposed model makes it possible to forecast the scenarios of the ecological and economic processes that provide a balance of consumption and reproduction of marine resources

Urban ecological security dynamic analysis based on an innovative emergy ecological footprint method

In China, with the rapid development of economy and the advancement of urbanization, the deterioration of urban ecological environment is obvious. In order to obtain the quantitative state of urban ecological security, this paper contributes an integrated and coupled emergy ecological footprint framework and Beijing city was selected to verify methodology effect in this paper. The results demonstrate that: (1) from 2010 to 2019, the change range of EEFB is from 6.37 to 9.29%; meanwhile, EEFI is from 7.95 to 17.72%; EEFE is from 36.36 to 63.71%; EEFP is from 18.45% to 41.65%. Comparing the proportions of four subparts, the energy resource products (EEFE) and emissions (EEFP) are the main factors, far more significant than biological resources (EEFB) and industrial products (EEFI). (2) Compared to all ECCS data, there is a definite growing trend in Beijing city, from 2.68E + 4 hm2/cap in 2010 to 4.72E+4 hm2/cap in 2019, approximately 42.22% growth range. (3) Four sustainable indicators analysis: The changes of EEFT, EBI, and EEF are from 3.1, 2.46, and 1.02 in 2010 to 0.688, 9.29 and 1.14 in 2019, respectively. For EDI, total proportions of fossil land and built-up land are 85.25% to 90.43% of the entire EEF in Beijing city. These results reflect that Beijing city is suffering from a substantial ecological challenge due to remarkable ecological deficit, awfully high emergy ecological footprint intensity, and low cooperation level between ecological system and economic system. To identify key improvement factors, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted in this paper and revealed the most positive and negative elements, which are the unbalanced industrial structure and a large proportion heavy and polluting industries in Beijing city. Finally, based on the pivotal influencing factors, corresponding strategies and measures are proposed to improve and optimize the ecological security in Beijing city.

Groundwater hydrochemistry, source identification and pollution assessment in intensive industrial areas, eastern Chinese loess plateau.

Groundwater is essential for regional ecological-economic system and is an important resource of drinking water, especially in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), where is a typical water-limited ecosystem. Groundwater quality deterioration will affect water security and exacerbate the water shortages. Groundwater hydrochemistry, pollution source apportionment, quality and health risks were evaluated based on analysis of major ions and selected trace elements in seasonal samples of the Fen River Basin (FRB) in the eastern CLP. Groundwaters in the FRB were mainly HCO3--Ca2+-Na+ water type with low dissolved solutes in upstream samples, high values in midstream samples and medium values in downstream samples. Solutes in upstream samples were mainly derived from carbonate weathering, while those in midstream and downstream samples came from silicate weathering, evaporites dissolution and anthropogenic sources. Self-organizing map (SOM) showed the hydrochemistry remained unchanged from dry to wet season for most sampling points. The seasonal variations of Ag, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Tl were significant due to anthropogenic input. High NO3- in upstream and downstream samples resulted primarily from sewage discharge, and high SO42- in midstream and downstream samples was from gypsum- and coal-related industries. In addition, anthropogenic input related to coal industries significantly aggravates pollution of As, Ni, Ag, Fe, and Mn. Influenced by evaporites and anthropogenic input, midstream samples had high salinity, total hardness and water quality indices (WQIs) and were unsuitable for irrigation or drinking purposes. Seasonal variation of WQI in the FRB was unsignificant except Jiaokou River sub-basin, where groundwater quality was worse in the wet season than the dry season due to coal mining. Great attention should be paid to the high non-carcinogenic risks of exposure to F, V, Mn, and Cr via dermal absorption, particularly for children. Overall, groundwater quality in the FRB was best in upstream, medium in midstream and worst in midstream based on different index. Groundwater quality is deteriorated by anthropogenic input and the sewage discharge in the FRB should be strictly controlled. Our report provides a reference for groundwater pollution evaluation and source identification in similar areas.

Eco-Economic Coordination Analysis of the Yellow River Basin in China: Insights from Major Function-Oriented Zoning

The ecological-economic coordination degree model is widely used to analyze eco-economic coordination relationships, but methods for determining the relative weights of the ecological and economic systems lack a scientific basis. Examining the Yellow River Basin based on Major Function-Oriented Zoning (MFOZ) in China, the study surveyed 42 experts and used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)to calculate the ecological and economic weights of the different main function zones. It also improved the model and evaluated the coordination degree of the ecological economic system in 642counties of eight provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 1991 to 2015. The results indicate that (1) the ecological value of the basin increased from 823 billion Yuan in 2001 to 1142 billion Yuan in 2015; (2) the GDP shows a linear growth trend: high- and medium–high-value areas of per capita GDP are clustered around nine metropolitan areas, while cold spots are distributed in ecological protection and agricultural development zones; (3) the ecological and economic coordination of the river basin first rose and then declined; and (4) the coordinated development areas are concentrated in five urban agglomerations that are highly consistent with the per capita GDP hotspots.

Conceptual Basis for Ukrainian Rural Development

The presence of imbalances and asymmetries of the rural development form the need of harmonious development directions of the village that led to the choice of a researched topic. The aim of this work is to find and study areas and mechanisms for the orderly development of rural areas based on the principles of formation food and economic security, organic farming, and waste-free life and bio-adequate approaches in growing up and education. The study covers the period from 1991 to 2014. Evaluation of the results was based on sociometric and statistical methods. Theoretical and methodological basis of research was grounded on system-synergetic approach to the study and modelling of socio-economic processes. It was formed a model of dynamic ecological social and economic settlement system capable of self-sufficiency. Specificity of the organization and functioning of the environmental settlements in terms of global challenges was identified.

基于耕地能值-生态足迹的耕地休耕规模研究——以贵州省松桃县为例

区域耕地休耕规模测算是耕地休耕空间配置的重要组成部分，从资源承载力视角理解，其本质是将休耕空间布局于耕地资源承载力相对较低的区域。立足于从区域耕地生态经济系统探索耕地休耕规模，运用能值分析方法和生态足迹方法，以生态严重退化地区、国家第一批休耕试点县的贵州省松桃县为案例区，修正了耕地能值生态足迹改进模型（EC和EF，简称"修正模型"）与耕地能值可持续指数（ESI_cl），测算了松桃县2016年休耕面积范围值。结果表明：（1）耕地能值生态盈亏可以作为乡镇是否应该休耕的判定标准，基于此测算的最大休耕面积关键在于测算生态耕地面积。总体来看，全县耕地能值生态赤字，应该安排耕地休耕；从分乡镇来看，有3个乡镇可以不休耕、25个乡镇应该休耕。按照全县平均统计（SCAL）和按照分乡镇统计（STL），全县最大休耕面积分别19558.62hm²和17673.83hm²。最大休耕面积中等及以上等级的乡镇散布于4个区域的8个乡镇。（2）ESI_cl可以作为休耕乡镇时序的判定标准，其优先休耕乡镇的最大休耕面积之和即为全县最小休耕面积。全县ESI_cl偏低，应该适度休耕。优先休耕、适度休耕和暂不休耕的乡镇分别有2个、23个和3个。全县最小休耕面积1396.10hm²，占耕地面积的1.88%。按照全县平均统计（SCAL），全县休耕面积范围值1396.10-19558.62hm²，占总耕地面积的1.88%-26.34%；按照分乡镇统计（STL），全县休耕面积1396.10-17673.83hm²，占总耕地面积的1.88%-23.8%。修正模型和ESI_cl为测算区域休耕规模提供了更加科学的技术方法，以期为其他类似区域开展休耕实践提供借鉴。;The scale calculation for regional cultivated land fallow is an important part of the spatial allocation of the cultivated land fallow. The essence of the scale calculation is the arrangement of regional fallow space to the area of relatively low carrying capacity of the cultivated land resource in the perspective of resource carrying capacity. Based on the exploration of cultivated land fallow scale from the regional cultivated land ecological economic system, this paper selected Songtao County of Guizhou Province of the first batch of national fallow pilot counties,and this county is also a serious ecological degradation area. We applied emergy analysis and ecological footprint method to revise the improved model for the cultivated land emergy ecological footprint (EC and EF, referred to as the modified model) and the emergy sustainability index of the cultivated land (ESI_cl) for calculating the fallow area value of Songtao County in 2016. The results demonstrated that firstly, the ecological profit and loss of the cultivated land emergy can be used as a criterion for determining whether a township should be lay fallow by calculating the maximum value of fallow cultivated land area, especially for calculation of ecologically cultivated land area. Because ecological deficit of the cultivated land emergy in Songtao County has been determined by calculating ecological profit and loss of the cultivated land emergy, the cultivated land should be lay fallow totally. What's more, there are 25 townships in Songtao County, which should be lay fallow except for 3 townships. According to the statistic of county's average level (SCAL) and the statistic township level (STL), the largest fallow area is 19558.62hm² and 17673.83hm², respectively. Townships with the largest fallow area of more than medium grade are scattered in 8 townships. Secondly, ESI_cl can be used as the criterion for determining the time sequence of fallow townships. The sum of the maximum fallow area of the priority fallow townships is the minimum fallow area. Because the ESI_cl is low, the cultivated land should be moderately lay fallow in Songtao County. There are 2, 23 and 3 townships should be on priority fallow, moderate fallow, and temporary non-fallow, respectively. The smallest fallow area is 1396.10 hm² in the county, accounting for 1.88% of the cultivated land area. According to the SCAL, the range value of fallow area of Songtao County is 1396.10-19558.62hm², accounting for 1.88%-26.34% of the total cultivated land area; according to the STL, the range value of fallow area of Songtao County is 1396.10-17673.83hm², accounting for 1.88%-23.8% of the total cultivated land area. The modified model and ESI_cl provide a more scientific technical method for calculating the regional fallow area. It is expected to provide a reference for other similar regions to carry out cultivated land fallow practices.

Методические подходы к оптимизации агроэкосистем

Within the framework of the article, the methodology of the energy assessment of the functioning of the social ecological-economic system is considered, using the example of a specific agroecosystem as a self-organizing, operationally closed structure; its energy analysis is carried out. A model for the development of the studied agroecosystem was formed, suggesting three options, taking into account the characteristics of land use. The index of sustainability of the agro-ecosystem was calculated; guidelines for the transformation of the structure of the agroecosystem are proposed.; The parameters of the ecological capacity of the soil of the agroecosystem were investigated; revealed the specific weight of ecologically stabilizing lands in the group of lands “arable land-forest-meadows and pastures-water”. The prospects for the development of the agroecosystem on the basis of the formation of a comprehensive technical and technological long-term plan for the functioning and development of the agroecosystem are assessed.

RETRACTED: Innovative Ecological Economic System Based on 5G Network and Internet of Things

Technological Economic Analysis innovation is the primary driving force for economic growth and human progress. However, some critics deny the vast benefits that innovation has given and continue to give to humanity. 5G Network on the living standards and human well-being of broader economic growth and technological innovations address policy discussions and address technology critics' concerns and the literature. The Economic Analysis historical record is clear about the continuous innovations in improving our lifestyle. However, the network analysis short-term destructive aspects of technological change are important because they exist. The Economic Analysis attitude of communication towards cultural technology and public policy is the role of innovations in promoting economic growth and playing ability. The results of this research will shape the impact of continuous development. Talk extension

Sustainability assessment of urban ecological-economic systems based on emergy analysis: A case study in Simao, China

The sustainable development of urban systems requires an understanding of interactions between the economic, social, and ecological systems within and beyond the urban systems. In this paper, emergy-based indicators in consideration of ecosystem services were built for evaluating urban systems’ sustainability performance through a case study of Simao, China. The emergy analysis results of Simao implied an unsustainable economic development pattern in the long term. Although the emergy of ecosystem services and the environmental performance indicators both showed a well-protected ecological environment, the low economic efficiency was a drag on Simao, resulting in a low emergy sustainability index (ESI). It is urgent for Simao that effective measures should be taken to achieve a more sustainable development pattern. Thus, policy recommendations including promoting green economy, optimizing local energy structure, developing ecological origin products and strengthen cultural ecosystem service were provided in order to improve the regional sustainability of Simao. This work provides valuable insight into urban systems' social, environmental, and economic performances, helping decision makers with urban development, especially when the decisions need to be made regarding sustainability.