Ecological Economic System Research Articles

Study on the Coordinated Development Model of Ecological Economy and Environmental Protection

This paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system of the ecological environment and the economy, and the coupling degrees and coordination degrees from 2015 to 2019 are calculated. The results show that (1) There is a relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution. Discharging industrial pollutants is an important factor affecting the coordinated development of the ecological environment and economic coupling. (2) The comprehensive evaluation index of the ecological environment and economic development systems is increasing yearly, and the quality of the ecological environment and the level of economic development are constantly improving. (3) The value of the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree between ecological environment and economic development is increasing yearly, and the development trend is good. The coupling degree gradually shifts from low-level coupling to high-level coupling stage.

Ассимиляционный потенциал природы и территорий: нетривиальные следствия управления устойчивым эколого-экономическим развитием

Ecological-economic systems, which are in a state of unstable dynamic equilibrium under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, strive for sustainability if human economic activity is able to maintain the assimilation potential at the level of reproduction of natural resources and environmental quality by devoting part of the income to the environmental agenda. Within the framework of the law of balanced environmental management T=1.618·t·a, sustainable environmental and economic development is achieved by allocating funds at the level (t) of the GDP growth rate (T) to the environmental agenda for the regions. The value of the ecological situation coefficient (ESC) in the law of balanced environmental management for the Russian Federation varies around the golden numbers 0.618, 1.618, 2.618, depending on the level of economic development in the biosphere, artificial maintenance of the quality of the environment in it, as well as in the future possibility of terraforming the solar planets systems. An indicator of sustainable, harmonious environmental and economic development is a linear relationship between the assimilation potential (a) and the EES at the level of golden numbers 0.618, 1.618, 2.618. In this case, sustainable environmental and economic development can be achieved in any environmental condition as long as balance is maintained between the rate of economic growth and allocations of funds for the restoration of the assimilation function of nature. But they must be directed to the environmental agenda in strict accordance with the golden proportion relative to the main directions of environmental activities, even in conditions of transformed (converted) nature, and in the near future, in conditions of terraforming. However, then all development costs will go exclusively to maintaining the habitat in multiples of the golden numbers of 1.618 and 2.618 in the coefficient of the law of balanced environmental management.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НЕФТЯНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ВЛИЯНИЙ

In the article, the problems and prospects for sustainable development of the ecological and economic system of the oil industry are considered in the context of global influences. To do this, the existing problems in the oil industry and their nature are explained. In accordance with the characteristics of the oil field, the importance of the formation and development of the ecological and economic system is substantiated. The negative consequences of environmental problems as a result of global impacts are summarized. The problems of minimizing waste emissions into the environment during production and transportation in oil fields and gases that create a thermal effect are highlighted. The possibilities of effective organization and strengthening of the ecological-economic system in the context of sustainable development are explored. Considering that the growth of oil production in modern times is global in nature, the importance of ensuring environmental safety in the oil industry is emphasized. Taking into account global threats and challenges, generalizations were made and proposals were made regarding the prospects for sustainable development of the environmental and economic system in the oil industry in the near future.

Evaluation of sustainability development of the eco-economic system of water and soil resources based on emergy analysis

Abstract Due to the swift progress of the economy and society and the rapid escalation of urbanization rates, the sustainable examination of individual water or land resources is no longer adequate to satisfy the rational allocation demands of urban development concerning the water and soil resource framework. To enhance the efficiency of utilizing water and land resources comprehensively and the rationality of the joint allocation of these resources, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the eco-economic system of water and land resources, encompassing six key aspects: system emergy flow, water resources subsystem, land resources subsystem, economic subsystem, ecological subsystem, and social subsystem. By considering three types of land use (construction land, agricultural land, and unused land), we constructed a sustainable evaluation index system for the eco-economic system of water and land resources based on the emergy theory. We employ the emergy theory analysis method to provide a comprehensive assessment of the sustainable development status and development trend of the Luoyang City from 2011 to 2020. The results show that Luoyang belongs to the consumer economy and the development of water and soil resources of the ecological economic system in Luoyang is in a critical state of unsustainable and mild sustainability from 2011 to 2020.

Coupling Coordination Development of the Ecological–Economic System in Hangzhou, China

The contradiction between China’s urban economic development and the ecological environment has become increasingly prominent. Promoting the coordinated development of the ecological–economic system is an effective way to achieve sustainable development. Based on the analysis of the coupling mechanism of the ecological environment and economic development, the county unit is taken as the research unit to evaluate the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of Hangzhou’s ecological–economic system and analyze the evolution of coupling coordination characteristics and landscape ecological patterns in Hangzhou from 2010 to 2020. The results show that (1) the ecological protection and economic development status of Hangzhou is generally good, but the ecological environment index cannot maintain stable growth; (2) the coupling coordination degree of ecological–economic systems in various regions shows an overall upward trend, and ecological protection and economic development show positive interaction characteristics; (3) the development of CCD between regions is uneven, and the development level of a single subsystem in each region hinders coupling coordination between the two parties; and (4) changes in morphological spatial patterns further prove the coupling relationship between the two systems. Although the regional ecological connectivity has been optimized, the increase in perforations is crowding out the core area, and the regional ecological carrying capacity is facing challenges.

Evaluation of Regional Water Ecological Economic System Sustainability Based on Emergy Water Ecological Footprint Theory—Taking the Yellow River Basin as an Example

In the article, on the basis of quantifying the emergy water ecological footprint, a sustainability evaluation system for the overall water ecological economic system of the basin and each province (region) was proposed. And using the subjective and objective combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy Weight Method (EWM) to determine the weight of the indicator system, a TOPSIS model for sustainability evaluation was constructed. And taking the Yellow River Basin as an example, the results indicate that (1) Throughout the entire basin, the sustainability of the water ecological economic system showed a fluctuating upward trend year by year during the study period, from 0.37 to 0.51. (2) In each province (region), the sustainability of the water ecological economic system had gathered in space. The overall sustainability level of the upstream Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu provinces is high, always at level (I). The overall sustainability level of the midstream Ningxia and Neimenggu was low, always at level (IV). The overall sustainability level of the downstream Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces is high, rising gradually over time, from level (III) to level (II) or (I). Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the economy and society, the contradiction between economic and social development, ecological environment protection, and sustainable utilization of water resources is becoming increasingly severe, which has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of the ecological economic system in Yellow River Basin. Multidimensional comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability level of the regional water ecological economic system is a prerequisite for identifying sustainable development issues in the Yellow River Basin, and also the basis for formulating targeted policies for sustainable utilization of regional water resources and high-quality economic development.

Research on Ecological Compensation Index System Based on Value Realization of Ecological Products

The realization of the value of ecological products is a hot topic in the field of environmental accounting in recent years. With the continuous advancement of human economic activities, it has a series of impacts on the ecological environment, so it is necessary to conduct research on ecological compensation. Based on the perspective of realizing the value of ecological products, this paper constructs an ecological compensation index system through AHP model, and uses DPSR model to analyze the operating mechanism between economic activities and ecological environment. Finally, the following conclusions are reached: (1) Human economic activities and ecological environment jointly build an ecological economic system, which presents the operation mechanism of "D (Driving force) -P (Pressure) -S (State) -R (Response)". Human activities generate system driving force and environmental pressure, and when the carrying capacity of the system state is exceeded, human will produce environmental protection and other response behaviors. (2) Because human economic activities need to make ecological compensation to the ecological economic system. Through the value realization mechanism of ecological products, the efficiency of ecological compensation can be improved, and it is conducive to the efficient and coordinated operation of the ecological economic system.

Spatial Characteristics of Coupling Development of Ecological Protection and Agricultural Economy in China

[Purpose] To explore the coupling coordination evolution law of China’s agricultural ecological environment and economic development, and provide reference and a decision-making basis for coordinating the relationship between the ecological environment and agricultural economy in the process of China’s agricultural economic development. [Method] Based on the coupling coordination mechanism between ecological protection and agricultural economy, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for agricultural ecological environment and economic growth, and explores the spatiotemporal evolution law of the coupling coordination between the agricultural ecological economic system in China’s 31 province administrative regions from 2010 to 2020. [Result] From 2010 to 2020, the overall development level of China’s agricultural ecology and economy was gradually improving; the level of coupling coordination increased significantly before 2015, but then the growth remained stable; the global Moran’s I index of coordination is “first descending and then ascending”; and the LISA cluster diagram of the local Moran’s I index was “east high and west low” before 2015, but then “west high and east low”. [Conclusions] The level of coupling and coordination development of agricultural ecological economic systems in various provinces has steadily increased, but the development level between regions is uneven. It is necessary to strengthen natural disaster management, increase investment in agricultural development, and enhance regional cooperation between regions to promote high-quality and green sustainable development of agricultural ecological economic systems. [Innovation] A new evaluation index system was constructed, the indicator data are complete and comprehensive (including data from 31 different province administrative regions from 2010 to 2020), and the analysis perspective is rich and diverse (through the comparison and changes of the time and space perspectives, the results from different perspectives were comprehensively analyzed). This paper finds that the coordination degree shows significant periodicity with 2015 as the boundary; the growth rate is “west fast and east slow”.

Extended exergy accounting for assessing the sustainability of agriculture: A case study of Hebei Province, China

Along with the growing demand and improving diet, the agricultural sector faces challenges in balancing resource consumption, environmental impacts and yields. This study presents an extended exergy accounting to capture the changing characteristics of the usefulness of resources in the agricultural sector of Hebei Province during 2000–2018 from thermodynamics perspective. The accounting includes exergy fluxes of energy, materials, environmental remediation, labor, capital and yields quantified by joules. The agricultural sector of Hebei Province comprising the cropping, forestry, stockbreeding and fishery sub industries, has experienced transformation into a modern pattern. The results showed that (1) the extended exergy in the agricultural sector of Hebei Province exhibited a declining trend; the natural resource exergy, particularly energy exergy, dominated the investments in the sector. (2) The capital exergy, labor exergy and environmental remediation exergy all decreased; the capital exergy and labor exergy decreased more than the environmental remediation exergy. The shares of the labor exergy from the services of agriculture declined, while those of the labor exergy from forestry and stockbreeding notably increased. (3) Since the cropping accounts for a large part of the yields, the large quantity of crop residues should be considered seriously. The potential of the other three sub industries was very high. The comparison between the agricultural sector in Hebei Province and that in China as a whole involving exergy indicators showed that Hebei Province was more modernized and had achieved great progresses. Extended exergy accounting captures the agro ecological economic system to help identify resource depletion and environmental costs in other areas or industries from a sustainable development perspective.

A Regional Water Resource Allocation Model Based on the Human–Water Harmony Theory in the Yellow River Basin

Considering the issues of water scarcity, water environment deterioration, and unreasonable allocation of water resources in the urban area of the Yellow River Basin, this paper introduces the human–water harmony theory to the allocation of regional water resources. Based on an analysis of the structural characteristics of the regional water resource system, the harmonious water resource allocation (HWRA) model—which includes three sub-systems (i.e., the water service system, ecological environmental system, and economic and social system)—is established. In addition, considering the uncertain factors in the HWRA model, the inexact fuzzy multi-objective programming (IFMOP) method is used to solve the model, aiming at achieving the minimum amount of regional water scarcity, the minimum amount of sewage discharge, and the maximum total economic benefit. A case study of water resource allocation of Binzhou, a city located in the Yellow River Basin, is conducted to validate the model. The model solution results show that the water resource system in Binzhou in 2025 and 2035 could be optimized after harmonious allocation, especially in terms of the water service and ecological environmental systems. Compared with the optimal water resource allocation (OWRA) model, the HWRA model has a more scientific water supply structure, and a smaller amount of sewage discharge. The HWRA model solves the variables using an interval number, so it can flexibly and scientifically reflect the decision-making process.

Reducing ecological damage to flora and fauna through the use of waste from oil production as porous fillers in manufacturing

The work shows that it is expedient to use waste from oil production (oil sludge) as a raw material for obtaining porous fillers, which promotes the development of industrial ecology. Industrial ecology studies waste-free technologies - when waste from one production facility is used as raw material at another facility, which will achieve either waste-free production or maximum use of multi-tonnage waste. Ecological-economic systems are the subject of study of industrial or industrial ecology. Currently, the impact of industry on the environment is relevant because the activities of the fuel and energy complex, metallurgical, chemical, mechanical engineering, and many other enterprises cause significant and irreversible damage to nature. The fuel and energy complex is one of the main “polluters” of the natural environment. These are atmospheric emissions (48% of all atmospheric emissions), discharges of wastewater (36% of all discharges), as well as the formation of solid waste (30% of all solid pollutants). The conducted research has shown that due to the increased contents of carbon (16.2%) and calorific value (3300 kcal/kg) in the oil sludge, which burn or contribute to burning (calorific value) during firing, porosity is created in the ceramic material, and a porous material with low density, grade by bulk density of less than 400, is obtained. Based on a liquid-powder composition and waste from oil production - oil sludge, a porous filler with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained. The use of oil production waste in the production of porous fillers contributes to the disposal of industrial multi-tonnage waste, the protection of the environment, and the expansion of the raw material base for construction materials.

基于改进生态足迹模型的可持续发展评价——以北疆为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于改进生态足迹模型的可持续发展评价——以北疆为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202112203605 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（2020D04003） Sustainable development evaluation based on an improved ecological footprint model: a case study of northern Xinjiang Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态足迹评价体系，可以在一定程度上刻画区域社会经济发展对当地生态环境产生的影响，当前可持续发展研究的难点之一，便是如何更加真实的体现这种影响。立足于传统生态足迹模型，采用"一年一区一值"的参数方案计算区域当年均衡因子与产量因子，结合土地利用转移矩阵和建设用地流入量改进建设用地足迹算法，对北疆地区2005年、2010年、2015年、2018年生态足迹及生态承载力进行测度，并结合相关指数对研究区发展的可持续性进行评价。结果表明：①北疆生态足迹增涨3.5倍，且以能源增长为主导，生物生产性足迹贡献率大幅下降；人均生态足迹增长3.4倍，工业型城市生态足迹增长率及人均生态足迹增长率均高于其他类型城市。②研究区生态承载力呈现上升态势，除水域和草地外，其他地类承载力均呈上升态势，昌吉州与阿勒泰地区的总体承载力及人均承载力均呈下降态势。③北疆生态利用效率上涨1.32倍，各行政单元呈现农业及服务业型城市生态利用效率上升、工业型城市生态利用效率降低的态势，表明工业型城市生态足迹增速远高于经济增速。④各行政单元呈现生态赤字状态且不断加剧，总体及人均增速都呈现工业型 > 农业型 > 服务业型城市。整体而言，研究区系统安全性一般，处于协调发展状态，但存在由生态足迹激增引发安全性下降的风险，部分地州呈低协调甚至不协调状态，整体可持续发展性有所降低。 Abstract:Ecological footprint is a biologically productive land that can produce the materials needed to meet the productive needs of human life and absorb the waste generated by humans in the region. Ecological footprint evaluation system can describe the impact of regional social and economic development on local ecological environment to a certain extent, but one of the difficulties in current sustainable development research is how to more truly reflect such impact. Based on traditionally ecological footprint model, this study firstly calculates the equilibrium factor and yield factor by year and by subregion. We improved the construction land footprint algorithm through combining the land use transfer matrix. Finally measured the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Northern Xinjiang in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018, and evaluated the sustainability of development in the study area. The results showed that:(1) the ecological footprint of the Northern Xinjiang increased by 3.5 times, which was dominated by energy footprint, while the contribution of biological productivity footprint decreased significantly. Per capita ecological footprint increased by 3.4 times, and the growth rate of ecological footprint and per capita ecological footprint of industrial cities were both higher than other types of cities. (2) The ecological carrying capacity of the study area showed an upward trend except for water and grassland. The overall and per capita carrying capacity of Changji and Altay were both declining. (3) The ecological efficiency of Northern Xinjiang increased by 1.32 times. The units showed a trend of increasing ecological efficiency in agricultural and service-oriented cities and decreasing in industrial cities, indicated that the growth rate of ecological footprint of industrial cities was higher than the corresponding cities' economy. (4) The ecological deficit of each unit was increased, and the growth rate of overall and per capita showed a trend of industrial cities > agricultural cities > service-oriented cities. Overall, ecosystem security in the study area was at an average level, and the ecological system and economic system were in a coupling state. But there was a risk of security decline caused by the surge of ecological footprint. Some cities were in a low coupling or even decoupling state, and the overall sustainability was reduced. Therefore, in the future development process, government should combine national and regional policy guidance with our own geographic and resource advantages, actively optimize the industrial structure, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, to build a diversified, healthy and sustainable new development system. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Basin water ecological compensation interval accounting based on dual perspectives of supply and consumption: Taking Qingyi River Basin as an example

Basin water ecological compensation is an effective means of coordinating environmental protection and economic development and promoting sustainable development. A reasonable compensation interval (the value range of the compensation standard) is the basis for final pricing. At present, the calculation method of the compensation interval has not been unified in the current research, and it is rarely considered comprehensively from the perspective of both parties of compensation. Based on the perspectives of upstream water resources suppliers and downstream water resources consumers, this paper proposes a water ecological compensation interval accounting method based on emergy analysis theory and water ecological footprint method. From the perspective of the supply side, the remaining ecological economic system services value supplied by the upstream area is taken as the lower limit; from the perspective of the consumer side, the value of ecological economic system services actually occupied by downstream areas is taken as the upper limit. Taking the Qingyi River Basin as an example, the results show that there is a serious ecological deficit in the lower reaches of the Qingyi River Basin, and reasonable compensation needs to be given to the supplier Xinzheng City; the accounting method based on dual perspectives is better than traditional. The method is more precise and greatly shortens the value range of the compensation standard. This study provides a novel and complete ecological compensation interval accounting method, which provides a more accurate and reasonable reference for the determination of ecological compensation standards in the basin, and helps the government to improve and implement the ecological compensation mechanism.

Urban Agglomeration Ecological Welfare Performance and Spatial Convergence Research in the Yellow River Basin

As human society is entering an era of scarce natural resources, realizing the welfare level of human society is a fundamental requirement to improve sustainable development, while being restrained by the ecological environment. In this paper, we divided ecological welfare performance (EWP) into an ecological economic system and an economic welfare system from the perspective of ecological welfare, and predicted the EWP in the Yellow River Basin Urban Agglomerations (YRBUAs) using the US-NSBM model in two stages. We further explored the dynamic change trend and spatial convergence characteristics in the YRBUAs using the Dagum Gini coefficient, the kernel density estimation method, and the spatial convergence models. The results indicate that there are great spatial variations in EWP in the YRBUAs, where the spatial variation in the downstream is higher than that in the upstream, and the spatial distribution pattern in large- and medium-sized cities is higher than that in small cities. The DEA efficiency could not be realized overall throughout the study period, but it shows an improving trend. At the same time, absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence were observed in the YRBUAs, both overall and between the UAs. This paper provides a basis for analyzing the spatial pattern of EWP and for promoting the coordinated development of urban agglomerations in the YRBUAs, thus serving as a reference for the sustainable development of ecologically sensitive regions in countries across the world.

Study on the Mechanical Strength of Calcium Oxide-Calcium Phosphate Cured Heavy Metal Zinc Contaminated Red Clay Soil

With the continuous improvement of the construction of the ecological economic system in the new era, the problem of heavy metal pollution has become an important issue in urban construction. In this paper, Zn2+ contaminated red clay is used as the research object, and calcium superphosphate and calcium oxide are used as curing agents to conduct the simultaneous test of unconfined compressive strength-resistivity. The mechanical properties and resistivity of the contaminated soil under different test conditions were analyzed to investigate their effects on the cured red clay. The results showed that different contamination concentrations showed different weakening effects on the unconfined compressive strength of red clay soils, and the unconfined compressive strength of cured soils increased significantly. The age of maintenance affects the unconfined compressive strength of cured soil, and the growth of unconfined compressive strength is most obvious in the age of 0–7 day. After that, it tends to be stable with the growth of age. The deformation modulus of contaminated soil before and after curing was reduced to different degrees. Before and after curing, the resistivity of contaminated soil decreased with the increase of ion concentration, and the resistivity of cured soil increased with the increase of curing agent incorporation rate under the same contamination concentration. The research results can enrich the soil treatment problem of heavy metal contaminated sites and provide theoretical support for the application of this type of curing agent in the field engineering of Zn2+ contaminated red clay soil.

A Scenario Simulation Method for Regional Sustainability Coupled with SD and Emergy: Implications for Liaoning Province, China

The eco-economic system is a complex system based on human activities, and the sustainability of the eco-economic system needs to maintain the balance between the three subsystems of society, economy, and environment. In this work, a comprehensive evaluation index system of the ecological-economic system of Liaoning Province in China was constructed by combining the emergy analysis and the system dynamic (SD) model, and four development scenarios were designed by adjusting the influencing factors of the ecological-economic system, based on the simulation and evaluation of the sustainable ecological and economic development of Liaoning Province from 2017 through to the next 19 years. The conclusion shows that, under the scenario of coordinated development type, the GDP, emergy density, and emergy output rate of Liaoning Province show an increasing trend; the ecological load, such as waste emergy ratio and environmental load rate, is small; and the sustainable development index and emergy sustainable development index are at a high level compared to other programs.

Optimization path of Economy-Society-Ecology system orienting industrial structure Adjustment: Evidence from Sichuan Province in China

The establishment of ecological economic system has become the key to realize the transformation of China’s economy from high-speed development to high-quality development. This paper considers the multiple goals of economic, social, and ecological benefits to achieve sustainable development. Firstly, it establishes an indicator system affecting economic, social, and ecological benefits to guide the construction of the subsequent model. Secondly, this study constructs a multi-objective optimization model for ecological industrial structure. According to the different emphasis of objectives, a hybrid approach based on ant colony optimization and particle swarm optimization (ACO-PSO) is implemented to solve the optimal solution set of feasible schemes. Finally, Sichuan Province is selected as the case study area, and three scenarios including economic oriented scenario, employment protection scenario and environment-friendly scenario are screened and analyzed. The results show that: (1) After reasonable optimization and adjustment of the industrial structure, it realizes the overall development of economic benefits, social benefits, and ecological benefits. The comprehensive benefits of sustainable development have been significantly improved. (2) The optimized scenarios with different tendencies promote different benefits. Decision makers can make better choices based on the diverse needs of the different development stage.

Sustaining Human Nutrition in an Increasingly Urban World

The complex interaction between social, economic, and environmental processes coupled with transformations of the landscape primarily driven by urbanization have impacts on the access, availability, and distribution, of food. This has resulted in a global micronutrient deficiency and hunger. Given rapid urbanization and population growth, a more sustainable food system is necessary to feed more urban populations and provide adequate nutrition, especially in developing countries. Existing frameworks for modelling urban-environment interactions contain components related to food security, however, lack the specificity needed to evaluate the effects of land use decisions and agricultural production strategies on the health of local populations measured through metrics such as nutritional output. The research presented here proposes an urban nutrition (UN) extension to the previously published urban ecological economic system by developing a focused component that simulates scenarios of different degrees of urbanization and agricultural production techniques to improve the nutritional output of agricultural land, while considering the conservation of soil. This simulation approach was subsequently applied to the Toluca Metropolitan Zone, Mexico. Results showed that nutritional output would greatly increase when adding a variety of crops, even in scenarios where agricultural land is limited. The proposed extension can be used by decision makers worldwide to evaluate how landscape configurations and agricultural production systems affect the nutritional needs of the local population while fostering sustainable practices.

Predictive analysis of water resource carrying capacity based on system dynamics and improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in Henan Province.

The water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) is a carrying capacity of natural resources. It affects the application and expansion of the carrying capacity of water resources. This subject involves various elements, such as water resources, the ecological environment system, humans and their economic and social systems, and a wider range of biological groups and their survival needs. Based on the objective recognition of the complex relationship between the water resource system, ecological environment system, and economic and social system, the support scale of water resources and the ecological environment for economic and social development is studied. Current research on the carrying capacity of water resources has mostly shifted from the previously limited support capacity of water resources to include factors such as the population, economy, and ecology, establishing the internal relationships between the economics, water resources, and ecological environment. This reflects the comprehensive carrying capacity of the entire region (or river basin) of water resources and the ecological environment system on an overall economic and social scale. Based on the conceptual connotation of the WRCC and the actual problems facing water resources in Henan Province, the paper uses a system dynamics method to develop information feedback between the four subsystems of Henan Province: economic, population, water resource, and water environment subsystems. The index system of the WRCC in Henan Province is also determined. The weight of each index is comprehensively determined by a combination weighting method of the analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weight method, and then a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the WRCC of Henan Province under four different development models. The validation period of the model is 2010-2020, and the forecast period is 2021-2030. The results indicate that during the period 2021-2030, the WRCC of Henan Province showed a slight upward trend overall under the four models, but the increase rates were different under the different models. Among the four models, the comprehensive model's benefit was the best, which not only maintained the healthy and stable development of the economy and society but also improved the pressure on the water resources and the quality of the water environment.

Fundamental Provisions of the Concept of Balanced Interaction of Society and Nature as Basis of Sustainable Development of the World

The concept of balanced interaction of society and nature as the foundation of sustainable development of the world was built on the basis of researching the current trends of evolution of ecological tool management, studying theoretical principles of enterprise management as an ecological-economic system, practical experience of carrying out environment protection work. Target strategic landmarks, factors, limits and border conditions of their attainment and trends of implementation were identified. The specificity of this concept of balanced interaction of society and nature as the basis of sustainable development of the world means implementation of the complex plan of environment protection measures within the frames of ecological-economic policy of the enterprise (on the microlevel) and on the level of national economies (on the global level) aimed at preservation, restoration and increase in environment capital according to the level of adverse impact on nature. Fundamental provisions of the concept should be based on technologies of optimizing modeling of forecast processes and foresight thinking, which identify potentially risky phenomena and threats arising in the space and threatening life on the planet. The author’s fundamental provisions of the concept of balanced interaction of society and nature as a basis of sustainable development of the world are acute not only for Russia but for national economies all over the world. The authors show hope and interest in proliferation of provisions of the given concept under the UN auspices.