Ecole Nationale Research Articles

Le projet de Bibliotheque nationale des arts a Paris

When the Bibliothèque Nationale moves into the new Bibliothèque de France, leaving behind only six specialised departments, the opportunity will arise to use the buildings of the Rue de Richelieu site to bring together a group of art history libraries and research centres. Priority will be given to the remaining Departments of the Bibliothèque Nationale, which need more space than they presently occupy; they will be joined by the inter-university library of art and archaeology from the Rue Michelet, the central library of the national museums, from the Louvre, and the older collections of the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts. The architectural holdings of the latter might be identified as the foundation for a major architectural collection to satisfy the demand for such a library in Paris. The collections thus brought together will not be merged, but will be exploited by means of shared services, including a union catalogue, and will be developed by means of a common acquisitions policy This concentration of resources on one site will not in itself constitute a ‘national art library’, but will provide a central node for a wider network. (An English version follows the original French text).

Modal analysis of a Korean bell.

Large temple bells have been cast in Korea for more than 1200 yr. Most Korean bells have a circular area, called a dangjwa, which provides a convenient striking point, and a sound pipe, called a eumtong, at the top. The asymmetry due to the dangjwa and the ornamentation gives rise to mode doublets and results in a slow beating, which is carefully controlled and considered to be an important characteristic of Korean bell sound. The vibrational modes of a small Korean bell have been studied, using holographic interferometry and modal analysis with impact excitation. The vibrational modes are somewhat different from those of carillon bells, tuned church bells, and handbells previously studied [see N. H. Fletcher and T. D. Rossing, ThePhysicsofMusicalInstruments (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991), Chap. 21]. No (m,l*) modes are observed. Mode doublet splittings range from 1% to 9%. The fundamental (2,0) mode decays much more slowly than the higher modes of vibration, and thus determines the pitch of the bell. [A.P.’s visit was supported by a grant from Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications.] a)Student intern from Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications, Paris.

Jean Démosthène Dugoure et le dessin d’histoire dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle

Jean Démosthène Dugoure and historical drawing during the second half of the eighteenth century. Today, Jean Démosthène Dugoure (1749-1825) is best known for his activities as a decorator. But he is also the author of three drawings of historical subjects, undertaken between 1775 and 1777, and held today by the Ecole nationale supérieure des beaux-arts (donation Mathias Polakovits). These compositions, entitled, Le souper d’Henri IV à Coutras, Léonard de Vinci mourant dans les bras de François Ier, and L’hommage rendu au maréchal de Catinat après la victoire de la Marsaille, date from before the earliest paintings based on themes drawn from French national history, paintings inspired by the cultural instructions given by the comte d’Angiviller : works such as Les honneurs funèbres rendus à Du Guesclin, by Nicolas Guy Brenet (1777). Dugoure’s works show a greater attachment to historical authenticity than do those of Ménageot, and depict episodes which evoke useful, edifying and moralistic values. Unlike « troubadour » painting, which is on the lookout for emotional and touching scenes, Dugoure’s « anecdotal » art wants to be improving. The heroes he exalts are all models of humanity, of which various writings of the years 1760 to 1770 had already underlined the exemplarity. Dugoure’s case is probably not an isolated one. It is necessary to show greater attention to the historical drawings of the late eighteenth century. They are one of the richest means of expression for iconographical innovation.

Higher Education in Federal Systems - A Sharing of Experiences

On May 8, 1991, a colloquium was held in Kingston, Ontario, which focussed upon a topical but somewhat unusual subject the management of higher education in federated political systems. At the initiative of Gilles Jasmin of the Department of the Secretary of State, and with the encouragement and support of his department and of the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC), an organizing committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Ronald Watts, Director of the Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queens University, prepared a conference agenda over a two year period. Additional sponsorship was also provided by Queens University and Ecole nationale d'administration publique of the Universite du Quebec. Several factors precipitated the planning of the colloquium. Although not explicit in the original discussion, the critical state of Canadian federalism loomed with increasing intensity throughout the pre-conference period. Canada is but one of the many countries in which the constitution delineates the responsibilities of the central (or federal) government, and the federated governments (landers, cantons, states, provinces, etc.). As described by Pierre Cazalis of the Universite du Quebec, each federated system has developed a unique structure for the management, organization, planning and financing of education, specifically at the post-high school level. In most constitutions, education and culture are placed under the jurisdiction of the federated states. As Cazalis notes in his introductory theme for the colloquium...

Enantioselective N‐demethylation of ketamine in the horse

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsVolume 14, Issue 2 p. 209-212 Enantioselective N-demethylation of ketamine in the horse P. DELATOUR, Corresponding Author P. DELATOUR Department of Biochemistry, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, FranceLaboratoire Bio-chimie, INRA-54189 Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Lyon, BP 83, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.Search for more papers by this authorP. JAUSSAUD, P. JAUSSAUD *Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Cheval de Sport INRA, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. COURTOT, D. COURTOT *Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Cheval de Sport INRA, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. FAU, D. FAU †Department of Surgery, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, FranceSearch for more papers by this author P. DELATOUR, Corresponding Author P. DELATOUR Department of Biochemistry, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, FranceLaboratoire Bio-chimie, INRA-54189 Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Lyon, BP 83, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.Search for more papers by this authorP. JAUSSAUD, P. JAUSSAUD *Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Cheval de Sport INRA, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. COURTOT, D. COURTOT *Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Cheval de Sport INRA, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. FAU, D. FAU †Department of Surgery, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, FranceSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1991.tb00825.xCitations: 27AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume14, Issue2June 1991Pages 209-212 RelatedInformation

Formation d'ingénieur en Hydraulique et Mécanique des fluides : exemple de l'enseignement à l'Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées

The present paper deals with the complement aspects of , which results from the increasing use of the general Fluid Mechanics methods white solving Hydraulics problems. The paper emphasizes how these complementary aspects are used in the various subtopics of the Applied Fluid Mechanics course at Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees .

Informatique, hydraulique numérique, hydroinformatique : Que devrait savoir un hydraulicien à la fin des études en 1995 ?

The author develops a point of view concerning the ensemble of knowledge in the field of hydroinformatics which should be assimilated by a Hydraulics Engineer during his university studies. This will be considered in relation to the basic hydraulics knowledge which must be learnt. The point of view stems from the author's teaching experience at the ENSHMG (Ecole nationale superieure d'hydraulique et de mecanique de Grenoble) as well as from 30-Years experience of informatics applications in hydraulics. Beginning with to-day's situation main lines of teaching programmes of hydroinformatics will be proposed an undergraduate and graduate-specialisation levels. Special attention will be given to the network of European Universities and Institutes, their complementarity and to the possibility of following very complete curricula of hydroinformatics studies and specialisations within EEC.

A Practical Approach to the Teaching of Manufacturing Systems

Abstract In front of the increasing need of engineers in the production automation field, ENSIEG -Ecole Nationale Superieure d’ingenieurs Electriciens de Grenoble (France) - has recently developed a teaching dedicated to the “CIM - Computer Integrated Manufacturing”. The different subjects treated are introduced progressively in the curriculum. Students become acquainted with them during their second and third year at the School. The progression can be found in the way the methodological tools are selected as well as in the gradual complexity of the problems treated. The teaching is based on a theoretical approach and it is completed in laboratory sessions and through a number of study projects done by the students. The present paper deals with this particular activity and describes how this practical course is organized and gives the objectives set for each year of study. For each case, examples are provided which present the methodological tools and the equipments used to illustrate the different subjects treated. The practical validation uses equipments principally installed in the A.I.P. in Grenoble - Atelier Inter-Etablissements de Productique - in which a real assembly workshop is.

From Colonisation to Avénement: Henri Brunschwig and the History of Afrique Noire

Henri Brunschwig (1904–1989) began his career as a notable historian of Germany but became an influential pioneer of African studies in France, first at the Ecole Nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer (1948–60) and thereafter at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. His own research ranged from Brazza's role in the French occupation of equatorial Africa to the part played by Africans in establishing and sustaining French colonial rule. His lucid and original works of synthesis helped greatly to bring an evolving body of knowledge about the African past into the frame of modern world history. His emphasis both on rigorous standards of source-criticism and on the need for broad horizons in time and space continues to exercise authority over historians in France, Africa, and beyond.

Les bibliotheques d’art en France et les nouvelles technologies de l’image

In an age in which so much information is communicated through images, libraries can no longer exclude the ‘new technology of the image’. It is essential for libraries to respond to the challenge of the media, and to recognise, for example, the importance of television, which has a very visible and vital presence in the Bibliothèque publique d’information at the Pompidou Centre in Paris. Ever since the invention of photography, France has been the home of a lively tradition of active, innovative interest in photography. This is reflected in the existence of the Centre national de la photographies and the Ecole nationale de la photographie, in collections and exhibitions of photographs, and recently in the use made of videodiscs, by both museums and libraries, as a means of storing images and making them accessible. Telecommunications offer the prospect of online access to a network linking image collections together as a single visual resource. The most serious obstacles to be overcome are neither technological nor financial: the legal question of copyright has to be addressed, while the muted interest of historians does not as yet represent an overwhelming demand for such a service, and much may depend on librarians to stimulate the enthusiasm of potential users.

Les voyages outre-Manche de François-Joseph Bélanger

François-Joseph Bélanger's trips to England. F.-J. Bélanger, the famous architect of the « Artois Folly » at Bagatelle, visited England three times between 1774 and 1780. He was particularly interested in « English gardens » and Palladian architecture. His sketchbook, used on all three visits, is held by the Library of the Ecole nationale supérieure des beaux-arts at Paris. The first voyage must have taken place prior to 1777 ; the second dates from 1778 and the third from 1780. Bélanger’s sketches not only allow us to reconstitute his itineraries (done here for the first time), but also to analyze what attracted the architect : sites, architecture, furniture, various mechanical devices, most of them noted in relation to his architectural or garden projects under way in France. In 1778, for example, he was particularly interested in the Palladian villa built by Chambers in 1758 at the edge of Richmond park. In 1780, amongst other subjects, he drew James Paine’s bridge. Between 1778 and 1780, when Bélanger, in collaboration with Thomas Blaikie, was designing the Bagatelle gardens for the Comte d’Artois, he drew on his English experiences, and also applied the principles of Chambers. It was the beginning of the success of « English gardens » in France.

Un programme de recherche sur le transfert des solides en réseaux d'assainissement. Le point en octobre 1988

This programme is supported by the AGHTM (General Association of Municipal Technicians and Hygienists), and particularly by the task group about fouling of sewer systems. Many research laboratories (CERGRENE from the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees - Civil Engineering -, Fluid Mechanics Institute in Toulouse, and others) and sewer managing societies or services (SERAM, in Marseille, Lyonnaise des Eaux, in Bordeaux, SIAAP, in Paris area, and others).The main directions of the programme are: a) characterisation of solids transfered into sewers (quality and mechanistic parameters), b) sediment movement (sediment profile and other developments observation, modelisation, ...) c) typology of sewer sediments and their environment. The general aims and means, as first results, will be presented.

La coopération franco-congolaise et la formation des cadres de la fonction publique : le cas de l’ENAM

Franco-Congolese co-operation and civil servantes training : the case of Congo’s ENAM The expérience of Congo’s ENAM (Ecole Nationale d’Administration et de Magistrature) lies somewhere between «co-operation for co-operation’s sake» (with a highly inadequate job description for experts, ill-adapted teaching content, purely formal evaluation, etc.) and «co-operation for development», in which each expert’s assignment is no longer regarded as a contract but as a project whose ultimate aim is training national counterparts to take over.

The national school of administration: training for the higher levels of the French civil service

The National School of Administration (Ecole Nationale d' Administration or ENA) in France is a unique graduate school whose program emphasizes applied problem solving and lngically corrects blutions. While this practical progrem (programme d' application) does not result in the award of degrees, it can stitutes the sole avenue of entry in to Iesponsible generalist administrative positions of the, French civil service.

New Challenges for Co-operation with Developing Countries

SUMMARY Higher education has been improving over a few years in developing countries: engineering education institutions have been developed or created. The Ecole Nationale des Ponu et Chausshs is participating in this building of new institutions and is providing a few of them with its assistance. Two examples are given of the methods employed by Ecole Nationale des Pontr et Chaussees. In both cases assistance is aimed at reinforcing the counterpart's capacities: for the ENSTP in Ivory Coast, the objective is to create a national faculty staB for the ENIT in Tunisia, it is to develop continuing education.

The use of high affinity binding bioligands modified by transition metal carbonyl moieties

Abstract

Instability and transition of a three-dimensional boundary layer on a swept flat plate

Stability features are studied experimentally for the unstable three dimensional boundary layer flow on a swept-back flat plate. A pressure gradient on the flat plate is induced by a displacement body. Infinite sweep conditions are approximated by means of contoured endplates. For the measurements, hot-wire and surface hot-film anemometry as well as flow visualization techniques are used. In addition to stationary waves, traveling waves are also traced. The cross-flow Reynolds numbers for the first appearance of either instability mode are of approximately the same magnitude. Wavelength and the direction of stationary vortices, as well as the frequencies of the most amplified traveling waves, are measured for different Reynolds numbers. The data obtained by the measurements are compared with the results of linear stability theory. The location of the final transition on the swept flat plate has proved to be fairly well predicted by the empirical transition criterion of Coustols (Thèse de Docteur Ingénieur, Ecole Nationale Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace, Toulouse, 1983).

Authors

Authors

Melodie : A Code for Risk Assessment of Waste Repositories in Deep Geological Formations

ABSTRACTIn order to perform the safety evaluation of nuclear waste repositories, a global model, called MELODIE, is currently being developed at the CEA/IPSN, in collaboration with other CEA teams and ENSMP (Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris). The version now in operation allows the assessment of the radiological consequences due to a repository located in a granitic formation for a period of several hundred thousands of years.The calculations are based on models which represent the following physical and chemical phenomena:– release of the radionuclides from the waste form and through engineered barriers,– radionuclide transport through the geosphere,– radionuclide behaviour in the biosphere.Three separate models have been developed for each of these subjects; they are integrated in the code through a modular flexible dataprocessing structure.In addition, a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis algorithm has been implemented into the code, which allows the evaluation of the influence of the parameter values on the result and of its uncertainty.After a quite general description of MELODIE, we intend to present what has been done with it, mainly the calculations performed in the PAGIS (CCE) exercise: global dose calculations and ranking of the most important parameters through the sensitivity analysis.We also note the studies performed with the geosphere module of MELODIE (METIS), especially the participation to the HYDROCOIN (0ECD/NEA) exercise. In addition, the main future development axes of MELODIE are outlined.

Respective influence of thermodynamic and diffusional phenomena on the saturation rate of ion exchange resins : R.M. Nicoud and D. Schweich, Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Nationale Superieure, Nancy, France

Respective influence of thermodynamic and diffusional phenomena on the saturation rate of ion exchange resins : R.M. Nicoud and D. Schweich, Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Nationale Superieure, Nancy, France