Ecole Nationale Research Articles

Review: Architectures 80: Une chronique métropolitaine (Architecture of the 80s: A metropolitan chronology)

Architectures 80: Une chronique metropolitaine (Architecture of the 80s: A metropolitan chronology) Pavillon de l’Arsenal, Paris 3 May–25 September 2011 Architectural postmodernism has become topical in recent years and it seems it will remain so for some time. On the one hand, the proliferation of publications and exhibitions reflects the recent research led by historians who were often themselves educated during the two last decades of the twentieth century. On the other hand, the public seems to enjoy rediscovering the architecture from a time near enough to evoke nostalgia, yet old enough for its worst failures to be forgotten. The blooming of postmodernism coincided in France with the political, economic, and cultural upheavals that followed the change of government of 1981. An exhibit on view the Pavillon de l’Arsenal in Paris during the summer of 2011 confirmed this growing interest in a recent architectural past, which still needs to be fully documented. Architectures 80: Une chronique metropolitaine was curated by Lionel Engrand and Soline Nivet, two researchers of the ACS Lab of the Ecole Nationale Superieure d’Architecture de Paris–Malaquais, and designed by architect Christian Biecher. This exhibit offered a …

Детерминанты продуктивности научных исследований в сфере высшего образования: эмпирический анализ

Johann Jacob - Evaluation Project Manager. E-mail: johann.jacob@enap.caMoktar Lamari - Director. E-mail: moktar.lamari@enap.caCentre d’expertise et de recherche en evaluation de programmes (CREXE), Ecole nationale d’administration publique, Universite du Quebec, CanadaAddress: 555, boulevard Charest Est, Quebec (Quebec) G1K 9E5 Universities play an increasingly significant role in producing new knowledge. The relationship between research inputs (grants, infrastructure spending, training of researchers) and research outputs (number of publications, citation, impact) emerges, therefore, as a strategic issue for public decision-making on funding in support of innovation and the development of competencies. Despite the abundance of empirical works on the question of researcher productivity, there is a paucity of studies dealing with this issue in the context of higher eductaion.This paper seeks to identify the factors that explain research productivity in higher education, using as a case study, the universities in Quebec-Canada. The main hypothesis is that productivity in scientific research is significantly influenced by the volume and origin of the funding sources mobilized to support scientific research performance. We analyzed data on 194 researchers for the period of 2001-2008. Individual publications in referred journals (number of publications, fractioned publications, citations, impacts) were used as indicators for research productivity. Factor analysis and linear regression served as tools for evaluation.Our findings imply that the volume of funding is not as influential as supposed. We revealed that age and language (Francophone versus Anglophone) of university instruction, and, in addition, the origin of funding do affect researcher productivity. Generally speaking, young researchers, as well as those affiliated with Anglophone or/and large universities tend to produce more publications. The gender of researcher does not seem to significantly influence the productivity variables.The results of our analysis should motivate program evaluators who assess the benefits of public funding andintervention to support academic research. It is essential thatevaluators do not only see these benefits in terms of number of publications produced, but also through the prism of publication quality (citations and outcomes generated) as well as individual and organizational attributes. In this way, those designing interventions to support research will benefit from the fully-fledged information necessary to improve program effectiveness.

A Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Data Management Platform

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is increasingly being used in biomedical research. These experiments typically generate a large volume of highly complex data, and the volume and complexity are only increasing with time. There exist many software pipelines for analyzing these data (each typically with its own file formats), and as technology improves, these file formats change and new formats are developed. Files produced from these myriad software programs may accumulate on hard disks or tape drives over time, with older files being rendered progressively more obsolete and unusable with each successive technical advancement and data format change. Although initiatives exist to standardize the file formats used in proteomics, they do not address the core failings of a file-based data management system: (1) files are typically poorly annotated experimentally, (2) files are "organically" distributed across laboratory file systems in an ad hoc manner, (3) files formats become obsolete, and (4) searching the data and comparing and contrasting results across separate experiments is very inefficient (if possible at all). Here we present a relational database architecture and accompanying web application dubbed Mass Spectrometry Data Platform that is designed to address the failings of the file-based mass spectrometry data management approach. The database is designed such that the output of disparate software pipelines may be imported into a core set of unified tables, with these core tables being extended to support data generated by specific pipelines. Because the data are unified, they may be queried, viewed, and compared across multiple experiments using a common web interface. Mass Spectrometry Data Platform is open source and freely available at http://code.google.com/p/msdapl/.

COSTLESS PLATFORM FOR HIGH RESOLUTION STEREOSCOPIC IMAGES OF A HIGH GOTHIC FACADE

Abstract. In October 2011, the PPMD specialized master's degree students (Photogrammetry, Positionning and Deformation Measurement) of the French ENSG (IGN’s School of Geomatics, the Ecole Nationale des Sciences Géographiques) were asked to come and survey the main facade of the cathedral of Amiens, which is very complex as far as size and decoration are concerned. Although it was first planned to use a lift truck for the image survey, budget considerations and taste for experimentation led the project to other perspectives: images shot from the ground level with a long focal camera will be combined to complementary images shot from what higher galleries are available on the main facade with a wide angle camera fixed on a horizontal 2.5 meter long pole. This heteroclite image survey is being processed by the PPMD master's degree students during this academic year. Among other type of products, 3D point clouds will be calculated on specific parts of the facade with both sources of images. If the proposed device and methodology to get full image coverage of the main facade happen to be fruitful, the image acquisition phase will be completed later by another team. This article focuses on the production of 3D point clouds with wide angle images on the rose of the main facade.

La boite a Perrette: Le jansenisme parisien au XVIII siecle

Like most standard treatments of Jansenism, this lengthy, detailed yet articulate book encompasses most of the Jansenist mileposts in eighteenth-century France: Unigenitus, healings at St.-Médard Cemetery, the convulsionnaires, the refusal of sacraments, the Nouvelles Ecclésiastiques, the secours (inexplicably, it does omits the impact of Jesuit expulsion in 1764). Although it covers events familiar to specialists, it filters those controversies through the lens of Parisian middle class lay Jansenists (merchants, judges, financiers, notaries, and lawyers) rather than through the eyes of the nobility and clergy who were frequently enmeshed in Jansenist battles. Building on the work of Sarah Maza, David Garrioch, and Steve Kaplan (who examine various aspects of bourgeois political and economic power), Lyon-Caen (a recent graduate of the Ecole Nationale des Chartes et Agrégé d’histoire) explores how Jansenist marriages (parlementaires wed bankers’ daughters), inbred family networks, leadership in Paris’ mercantile corporations, and prominence as judicial office holders gave them significant control over many philanthropic endeavours. Created in the 1680s in Troyes, the boîte à Perrette (named after Pierre Nicole’s secretary) constituted a secret treasury whereby gifts of land, legacies, and cash (over 3 million livres altogether) from wealthy Jansenist donors provided legal assistance to persecuted clergy, tuition for merit scholars at the Petites-Ecoles, food for the worthy poor (but not beggars or prostitutes), debt relief for prisoners, and medical help for orphans and patients at the Hotel-Dieu and the Hôpitaux-Général.

Senior Diplomats in the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs: When an Entrance Exam Still Determines the Career

Summary This article highlights the specificity of the recruitment of senior diplomats (Advisers) in France since 1970. The idiosyncratic character of the French situation resides in the lack of a single examination. The diversity of ways by which a senior diplomat can enter the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (FMFEA) leads to the coexistence within the ministry of two main groups — the ENA diplomats (that is, from the National School of Administration, the Ecole Nationale d’Administration) and the so-called ‘Orient’ diplomats — each defending specific interests and roles within the French Quai d’Orsay. The kind of entrance exam that you take still determines careers in the French MFA. The pillarization of the career has nevertheless decreased since the 1990s, because the necessity to cope with common external challenges (such as budgetary cuts) has reinforced a shared identity among French senior diplomats.

RETRACTED: Design and Construction of a Mini-solar Power Station Connected to the Electricity Grid

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Author. The author has translated significant parts part of a thesis (‘Etude et Realisation D’une Centrale Photovoltaique connectee au Reseau de Distribution Electrique BT’, authored by F. Boukhtouche Cherfa, awarded by Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, Algeria, 2005) without attribution or citation of the thesis. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.

Incorporating porosity-dependent hysteretic water retention behavior into a new constitutive model of unsaturated soils

A new unsaturated soil model was recently developed at Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat (ENTPE), based on the concept of bounding surface plasticity. The first version of this model (by Morvan et al. in 2010 ) only required 12 parameters for its definition, and yet can simulate a few behaviors typically observed on unsaturated fine sands, which more classical models fail to reproduce. These include post-peak softening, change from contractant to dilatant behavior during shearing, and the smooth transition from elastic to elastoplastic behavior upon yielding. Subsequent to this first publication, additional mechanisms have been introduced in the model previously developed. Among them, the hysteretic phenomenon during cyclic variations of suction and water content, as well as the effects of porosity change on water retention characteristics, are now taken into consideration. To this end, the water content is introduced as an independent generalized strain variable, which is no longer uniquely linked to suction. Thanks to these developments, the model can now account for the bilateral couplings between hydraulic and mechanical quantities, with good precision under very general loading conditions. In the present paper, these new developments are presented in detail, and the experimental basis of this construction is discussed. The model is then validated using existing experimental data on kaolin, by considering two stress paths. The first stress path consists of a single cycle of wetting followed by drying at constant isotropic stress. The second, more complex loading path involves simultaneous variations of suction and isotropic compression or decompression. The results confirm overall the satisfactory performance of the model. The main conclusions are then summarized in the last section, including perspectives for future developments.

Administração pública de Québec: um caso de mudança cultural

Neste artigo procurou-se identificar os traços culturais da administração pública de Québec, além de verificar mudanças culturais ocorridas a partir da reforma administrativa levada a efeito nessa província canadense a partir dos anos 1990. Utilizou-se como conceito de cultura um conjunto de valores e artefatos, cujos significados orientam o comportamento dos indivíduos, e de que ela é passível de mudança por processos de aprendizagem cultural (Davel, Dupuis, & Chanlat, 2008; Sainsaulieu, 1977). A metodologia de pesquisa foi a análise de discurso baseada nas dimensões das figuras e temas presentes nos discursos (Fiorin, 2008). Os dados foram coletados em livros e artigos publicados nos principais periódicos canadenses, com destaque para as publicações da École Nationale d'Administration Publique (ENAP, Québec). Foram utilizados também documentos do governo de Québec disponíveis no site web, além de entrevistas com 3 (três) pesquisadores da ENAP. Verificou-se que a cultura organizacional ocupou espaço importante nos objetivos de mudanças na reforma administrativa e que há um processo de mudança cultural em curso. Temas como profissionalização, igualdade e flexibilidade começam a integrar as representações coletivas dos indivíduos nas organizações públicas desta província.

Viscous Energy Dissipation in Asphalt Pavement Structures and Implication for Vehicle Fuel Consumption

The present paper deals with the energy dissipation induced by the viscous behavior of bituminous materials constituting pavement. An approach to take into account viscous properties of bituminous layers and to quantify this dissipation is explained. First, the behavior of different bituminous materials is investigated. Linear viscoelastic modeling is then proposed using a rheological model previously developed at the Civil Engineering and Buildings Department (DGCB) of the University of Lyon / ENTPE (Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat). Second, this model is implemented in a finite-element code, which enables simulation of the behavior of any pavement structures under any rolling load. In this paper, these developments, previously validated for orthotropic steel bridge and mix surfacing structures, are applied on a classical French pavement structure. In addition, the calculation of energy dissipation due to the viscous properties of the bituminous materials is allowed. Then an estimation of corresponding fuel consumption excess is given considering a 40-ton truck for different temperatures and speeds. The influence of the base course thickness is investigated as well. The simulation results show that energy dissipation in bituminous pavement due to the rolling weight of the considered 40-ton truck may induce a fuel consumption excess of a few percents age points in very unfavorable climatic conditions.

Toward a shared urban transport system passengers & Goods Cohabitation

The paper presents radical new urban transportation system concepts, potentially allowing changing the economic and environmental costs of passenger and freight transportation. The driver focuses on the concept of sharing, which means to make a joint use of transport resources, between passengers and goods flows. From a field observation of several existing solutions, an inductive reasoning enables us to move from a set of specific facts to establish an archetype for a radical new urban transportation system. Once the archetype defined, it is translated in real life through the example of the On Route proposal for London. The research frame of this paper is the ANR ( French National Research Agency) C-Goods (City Goods Operation Optimization using Decision support System) project. Started in February 2009 the project involves four partners, (The multi-disciplinary French engineer school EIGSI (Ecole d’Ingenieurs en Genie des Systemes Industriels), the French university ENMP (Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris), the Poitiers Urban Community (CAP), and the consulting service Interface Transport, specialized in transport economy) and will end on 2012.

Market Liquidity and Adverse Permanent Effects in Hedging Equity & Interest Rates Derivatives

This work presents a review of modeling techniques for pricing in incomplete markets and managing liquidity costs. We go through a variety of financial models and mathematical aspects related to market liquidity. We present in Chapter 1 the temporary liquidity modeling proposed by Cetin, Jarrow and Protter (2004). We extend this framework to limit order books with liquidity supply and consumption streams. In Chapter 2, we present our main contribution that consists in generalizing Almgren et al. (2011)’s liquidity adverse impacts modeling and hedging strategies from standards of short-term high-frequency trading to the general economy of financial markets. This allows us to introduce, in Chapter 3, a new paradigm to model both temporary and permanent liquidity costs for the Fixed-Income market. Numerical aspects about stochastic control and Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDE) are discussed in Chapter 4. Conclusions are addressed afterward.This work is elaborated in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (DEA) in Quantitative Finance and Mathematical Engineering of the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees (Paris, France).

Cooperative WebLab in chemical engineering between France and Brazil: Validation of the methodology

A WebLab is an experiment operated remotely via Internet. Besides the strictly technical aspects of such an experiment, which may contribute to the learning of Chemical Engineering fundamentals, there is also important feedback when teams of students of two different countries are working together: the WebLab becomes an intercultural experience, enhancing the communication skills of the students. A WebLab between Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DEQ/UFSCar) and the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques (ENSIACET) is presented in this work. A mass transfer experiment in a bench scale reactor (stirred and aerated) had to be studied by mixed teams, thus emulating challenges that will be common in future working environments. In order to perform the experiment, students in Brazil and in France were put into groups. The students had to make decisions about the procedure for executing the experiments. All the students were able to control the equipment, no matter where they were physically. Students communicated using video conference software. The students’ and teachers’ opinions of this experience were very positive. This methodology is an important contribution to the education of engineers in a world integrated by modern communication technologies.

"Quelque part dans le monde" (somewhere in the world).

Plastic shades and subjective relief, Francis Mbella is from Cameroon. Born December 18, 1961 in Douala, sculptor-father and mother a seamstress, fashion designer, graduate of the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, he devoted himself to painting from its beginnings in search of new forms of expression and rose to prominence in 1987 as a painter of relief, through his technical Tapioca (cassava flour).

Undergraduate research opportunities in neutron activation analysis for local, regional and international students

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) remains an excellent technique to introduce undergraduate students to nuclear science and engineering coming from different academic areas. The NAA methods encompass an appreciation of basic reactor engineering concepts, radiation safety, nuclear instrumentation and data analysis. At the Nuclear Engineering Teaching Lab at the University of Texas at Austin we have continued to provide opportunities through outreach programs to Huston-Tillotson University in Austin and Florida Memorial University in Miami Gardens, both Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas. Furthermore, in the past four years we have established a strong educational collaboration with the Ecole Nationale Superieure d’Ingenieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), France. Undergraduate students at ENSICAEN are required to have an internship outside of France. While many of the students stay in neighboring European countries others have chosen the United States. The cornerstone of these programs is to secure a relationship with each institution through clear educational and research objectives and goals.

The ProteoRed MIAPE web toolkit: A User-friendly Framework to Connect and Share Proteomics Standards

The development of the HUPO-PSI's (Proteomics Standards Initiative) standard data formats and MIAPE (Minimum Information About a Proteomics Experiment) guidelines should improve proteomics data sharing within the scientific community. Proteomics journals have encouraged the use of these standards and guidelines to improve the quality of experimental reporting and ease the evaluation and publication of manuscripts. However, there is an evident lack of bioinformatics tools specifically designed to create and edit standard file formats and reports, or embed them within proteomics workflows. In this article, we describe a new web-based software suite (The ProteoRed MIAPE web toolkit) that performs several complementary roles related to proteomic data standards. First, it can verify that the reports fulfill the minimum information requirements of the corresponding MIAPE modules, highlighting inconsistencies or missing information. Second, the toolkit can convert several XML-based data standards directly into human readable MIAPE reports stored within the ProteoRed MIAPE repository. Finally, it can also perform the reverse operation, allowing users to export from MIAPE reports into XML files for computational processing, data sharing, or public database submission. The toolkit is thus the first application capable of automatically linking the PSI's MIAPE modules with the corresponding XML data exchange standards, enabling bidirectional conversions. This toolkit is freely available at http://www.proteored.org/MIAPE/.

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Review: Claude Parent: L'oeuvre construite, l'oeuvre graphique

Review Article| March 01 2011 Review: Claude Parent: L'oeuvre construite, l'oeuvre graphique Claude Parent: L'oeuvre construite, l'oeuvre graphique. Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine, Paris. 20 January–2 May 2010 Valéry Didelon Valéry Didelon Ecole nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (2011) 70 (1): 106–1107. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.1.106 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Valéry Didelon; Review: Claude Parent: L'oeuvre construite, l'oeuvre graphique. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 March 2011; 70 (1): 106–1107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.1.106 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search In France, perhaps more than elsewhere, it is preferable to be a rebel in order to attain the status of a great architect. Established French cultural institutions regularly celebrate the cult of the independent spirit, as demonstrated by architects working as agitators and engaged activists who are reluctant to accept the ruling order. In the middle of the last century, Le Corbusier epitomized this, and today many contemporary French architects continue to identify with this posture. Now, at a time when the "revolutionary" has often given way to the "starchitect," the draft dodgers of the 1960s and 1970s are entering, one after the other, the pantheon of French national architecture. It is within this context that the Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine has recently presented a vast and comprehensive retrospective of the work of architect Claude Parent (Figure 1). This exhibition has been emphatically presented as an... You do not currently have access to this content.

Approximation of Linear Viscoelastic Model in the 3 Dimensional Case with Mechanical Analogues of Finite Size

ABSTRACT A linear viscoelastic model having a continuous spectrum is difficult to implement in a finite element calculation. Then approximation of this model by a generalized Kelvin Voigt model or generalized Maxwell model is another option allowing calculation. A simple method allowing approximation of a linear viscoelastic model by a generalized Kelvin Voigt or generalized Maxwell model having “n” bodies is proposed. This method is applied to bituminous materials. The continuous spectrum 2S2P1D model developed at the “Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat” (ENTPE) for bituminous materials is approximated by a generalized Kelvin Voigt and a generalized Maxwell Model having any chosen number (n) of bodies. The three-dimensional case is also considered and influence of the number of chosen bodies “n” is presented.

The renovation of the Richelieu building: a future centre for art researchers in Paris

The historic site of the French national library is currently being renovated in order to become a major centre for art documentation and special collections. It will incorporate three separate institutions: the specialist departments of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, the library of the Institut national d’histoire de l’art, and the library of the Ecole nationale des Chartes. Completion of the project is scheduled for 2017.