Eco-friendly Products Research Articles

Driving SMES towards Green Business: The Impact of Sustainable Marketing Mix on Performance and Loyalty in BNI'S Go Green Movement

Growing global concerns over environmental issues, such as climate change and pollution, have heightened the demand for sustainable business practices, particularly in the banking sector. Financial institutions support environmental sustainability through green finance by offering eco-friendly products like green loans and bonds. This study examines how BNI's Go-Green initiative enhances SME customer loyalty by incorporating the sustainable marketing mix, focusing on people, profit, and planet. A quantitative approach was used to assess the impact of the sustainable marketing mix on SME performance and customer loyalty within BNI's Go Green movement in Bukittinggi, Indonesia. A stratified random sample of 303 SMEs was selected from a population of 1,239. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated the measurement model, and the structural model assessed direct and indirect effects. The variable had the highest Average Variance Extracted (AVE) 0.873. Discriminant validity showed a strong correlation between business sustainability and customer loyalty (0.768). Place and Business Sustainability had significant positive effects on customer loyalty, while People and Planet had more limited impacts. This study introduces the expanded marketing mix people, profit, and planet into the green finance framework and highlights the underexplored mediating role of business sustainability in fostering SME customer loyalty. The findings emphasize the importance of aligning green banking products with SME needs to enhance loyalty and support global sustainability goals, including the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Enhancing Antioxidant Activity from Aquatic Plant Cymodocea nodosa for Cosmetic Formulation Through Optimized Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology

This study aimed to enhance antioxidant extraction from the aquatic plant Cymodocea nodosa for cosmetic formulation through optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction using response surface methodology. The optimized conditions—30 min of extraction time, 30% ultrasonic power, and 25% hydro-ethanolic solvent—resulted in a high total phenolic content of 113.07 mg EAG/g DM and antioxidant activity of 67.02%. Chromatographic analysis revealed a rich profile of phenolic compounds, including sinapic acid (0.741 mg/g), myricetin (0.62 mg/g), and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (0.3 mg/g), demonstrating the extract’s potent therapeutic properties. While the extract exhibited limited anti-inflammatory activity, it showed no cytotoxic effects on RAW 267.4 cells, ensuring its safety for cosmetic applications. The formulated cream maintained stable pH (6.58 to 6.6), consistent viscosity (5966.38 to 5980.6 cp), and minimal color changes over a 30-day period, indicating robust stability across various temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C). These results confirm the potential of C. nodosa extracts to develop effective, stable, and eco-friendly cosmetic products, offering substantial benefits for skin health and emphasizing the importance of sustainable extraction processes in the cosmetics industry.

Impacts of personality traits of sustainability-oriented CEO, perceived environmental friendliness and organizational agility on repurchase intention

ABSTRACT Consumers wish to purchase eco-friendly products, but their perception of the environmental friendliness of products and services can be influenced differently by organizational agility and the personality traits of sustainability-oriented chief executive officers (CEOs). Therefore, it is crucial to study consumer perceptions and responses to environmental friendliness. This study investigates the impact of the combination of sustainability-oriented CEOs’ personality traits and organizational agility on customers’ perceived environmental friendliness using upper echelons theory. The research is conducted through a survey and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the personality traits of sustainability-oriented CEOs influence customers’ perceptions of environmental friendliness differently depending on organizational agility. Additionally, the degree whereto customers perceive environmental friendliness affects their continuous purchase decisions. This study provides practical insights for practitioners and managers in the marketing field, contributing to existing research on consumer behavior and competitive advantage through sustainability.

The intersection of green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices in FMCG SMEs

As sustainability increasingly shapes consumer behavior and corporate strategies, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are adopting green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices to gain a competitive edge. This review explores the intersection of these two critical areas, demonstrating how their integration can drive both business growth and environmental responsibility. Green marketing, which focuses on promoting eco-friendly products and sustainable business practices, has become a key tool for FMCG SMEs to differentiate themselves in a crowded marketplace. By adopting strategies such as eco-friendly packaging, ethical sourcing, and transparency in communicating sustainability efforts, SMEs can build stronger consumer trust, foster brand loyalty, and meet the growing demand for environmentally conscious products. Simultaneously, sustainable supply chain practices ensure that the production, distribution, and logistics processes align with environmental and social goals. These practices include reducing carbon emissions, minimizing waste, and working closely with suppliers to ensure ethical sourcing of materials. The synergy between green marketing and sustainable supply chains creates a feedback loop where operational sustainability supports marketing efforts, and consumer demand for green products encourages further sustainability improvements. This review also examines the challenges FMCG SMEs face in aligning these strategies, such as cost barriers, regulatory compliance, and supply chain complexity. Through case studies and industry examples, it highlights how innovative technology and stakeholder collaboration can help overcome these challenges. Ultimately, this study underscores that integrating green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices is not only essential for addressing environmental concerns but also for enhancing competitive positioning, customer satisfaction, and long-term market success in the FMCG sector. Recommendations for SMEs on how to effectively align their marketing and supply chain sustainability efforts are also provided. Keywords: Green Marketing, Supply Chain, FMCG SMEs, Review.

A new green catalyst and antimicrobial agent derived from eco-friendly products of camel bones: synthesis and physicochemical characterization

A new green catalyst and antimicrobial agent derived from eco-friendly products of camel bones: synthesis and physicochemical characterization

The efficacy of home-made soap from used cooking oil and pineapple waste for eco-friendly household product

As the human population increases globally, the waste production rate from various types of waste such as used cooking oil and fruit waste also increases. The development of this dish soap bar helps in spreading awareness for people not to discharge used cooking oil and fruit waste into the drainage system. Instead, one can opt to transform these waste products into soap. This study aims to develop a dish soap bar using used cooking oil and pineapple waste. The efficacy of the soap was evaluated following the eco-friendly product criteria. In this study, eight types of dish soap bars were developed with two variables namely concentration and type of pineapple parts. The whole parts of pineapple waste were prepared with 100%, 75%, 50%, and 0% concentration. Different parts with 100% concentrations were developed from peel, core, stem, and crown parts. The dish soap bar samples were evaluated for their efficacy based on pH value, moisture content, and foam height. It has been compared among samples, control, and commercial soaps. The commercial brand, Labour, has the highest foam height (6.61 cm) and pH value (10.53) and the sample core (Conc. 100%) showed the highest moisture content (12.19%). The significant value among samples, control, and commercial soap for each pH value, foam height, and moisture content was determined by using SPSS21 software. The pH value and foam height of the samples were highly significant (F1,32 = 16.275, p <0.001). The moisture content also showed a significant difference (F1,32 = 2.889, p <0.05). The Dunnett multiple methods were used to determine the most samples that were closed to control. Five samples were close to the control. Brine shrimp test the toxicity of the sample. The average survival rate of brine shrimp for the whole part (Conc. 50%) dish soap bar sample was 36.7%. The sensory evaluation proceeded to look at the overall acceptance of the sample among 50 respondents and from the evaluation, 36 respondents (72%) were very satisfied with the final product sample whole part (Conc. 50%).

Structural and anatomical analysis of rattan (Calamus balansaeanus Becc.)

Abstract Calamus balasaeanus Becc., a climbing palm species, has potential commercial value. Detailed anatomical and chemical analyses of rattan stems at different ages are crucial for their utilization in various industrial applications, particularly eco-friendly products. In this study, rattan stems of different ages were examined using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the anatomical structure of rattan stems at different ages are very similar, with vascular bundle sizes ranging from 0.26 to 0.37 mm and a frequency of 8.4 to 13.7 bundles/mm2. The vessel lengths and diameters were 1.87–2.35 mm and 0.10–0.16 mm, respectively. Fiber lengths and diameters were 0.84–1.15 mm and 8.65–11.55 μm, respectively. As C. balasaeanus matured, the secondary wall of fiber cells thickened into the cell lumen, changing from 2 layers to 4 layers, the amount of crystallinity in cellulose increased while the mean microfibril angle decreased. The crystallinity of cellulose was higher in the periphery of the stem compared to the center. Unimodal imaging effectively visualized the distribution of various polysaccharides in C. balasaeanus tissues, with the highest concentrations of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin found in the base of the rattan stems.

Green Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Synthesis: Sustainable Strategies for Drug Production

The world is shifting from traditional synthetic or chemical technologies towards greener methods due to increasing concerns about maintaining a clean and sustainable environment. The development of eco-friendly products through processes that support environmental sustainability is referred to as a "green approach." In the pharmaceutical industry, there is growing attention to green synthesis of chemicals and materials, both in research and applied science, because green chemistry eliminates harmful processes and materials while promoting innovation in drug and therapeutic agent development. Green chemistry encompasses chemical reactions that minimize environmental impact and reduce toxicity. This field is rapidly evolving within pharmaceutical synthesis, focusing on the creation of sustainable medicines. This review explores the principles and practical applications of this innovative strategy within the pharmaceutical sector. By using environmentally friendly chemical processes, green chemistry reduces hazardous materials and pollution. Its aim is to mitigate the environmental footprint of drug production without compromising the quality and effectiveness of medicines. The approach also emphasizes the use of renewable and sustainable resources, such as shifting from petrochemical-based to bio-based feedstocks, allowing pharmaceutical companies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions

Analysis of Green Investment Interest Among Millennials and Generation Z Using Theory of Planned Behaviour

The topic of eco-friendly products is a trending topic today, especially among Generation Z and millennials. One of them is about green investment. This investment is here to help answer the issue of our current environmental problems. With this green investment, it is hoped that it can support environmental sustainability and can support companies to be able to switch from environmentally friendly resources to environmentally friendly resources. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that affect the interest in green investment among the Millennial Generation and Generation Z in Bogor. This research was analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) through SEMPLS 4.0.0 software. The results of the study show that attitudes towards green investment and behavioral control have a significant influence on green investment interest in Generation Z and millennials. Meanwhile, subjective norms do not have a significant effect on green investment intentions. It can be concluded that generation Z and millennials have a positive and good attitude and self-control towards green investment interest. However, the norms or habits in their environment cannot affect their interest in green investment

Exploring Green Consumerism: The Impact of Environmental Knowledge, Social Influence, and Attitudes on Millennials' Purchase Intentions

Indonesia is experiencing a demographic bonus, where millennials make up a significant portion of the productive age population. This demographic shift presents challenges in meeting labour market demands, as well as consumption patterns, particularly concerning sustainable consumption. Simultaneously, environmental issues such as climate change and unsustainable resource usage have become pressing global concerns. Millennials have a crucial role in addressing these challenges by adopting environmentally friendly behaviours, including green product consumption. However, the factors that drive millennials' green purchase intentions, particularly in Indonesia, remain understudied. This study aims to investigate the influence of environmental knowledge, environmental concern, social influence, and attitude on the green purchase intentions of Indonesian millennials. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach, using purposive sampling to collect data from 150 millennials in Banjarmasin. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The findings reveal that environmental concern indirectly affects green purchase intention through the mediating role of attitude. Additionally, social influence and environmental knowledge have significant positive impacts on both attitude and green purchase intention. The study highlights the importance of enhancing environmental knowledge and leveraging social influence to encourage sustainable purchasing behaviour among millennials. Marketers can use these insights to design effective strategies that promote eco-friendly products to this demographic. Future research could explore other factors, such as perceived product quality and price sensitivity, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of green consumer behaviour.

Sustainable Marketing Strategies: Aligning Brand Values with Consumer Demand for Environmental Responsibility

Sustainable marketing has become an essential component for businesses aiming to meet growing consumer demand for environmental responsibility. This paper explores how companies can align their brand values with sustainability efforts to foster long-term customer loyalty and market competitiveness. It examines key sustainable marketing strategies, including eco-friendly product design, transparent communication, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The study emphasizes the importance of authenticity, as consumers are increasingly wary of "greenwashing" tactics and seek brands that genuinely prioritize environmental stewardship. Case studies from various industries demonstrate successful integration of sustainability into brand identity, resulting in enhanced brand reputation, consumer trust, and business growth. The findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach that includes stakeholder engagement, sustainable supply chains, and marketing campaigns that educate consumers on eco-friendly choices. By aligning brand values with consumer expectations for environmental responsibility, companies can create a competitive advantage while contributing to global sustainability efforts.

Key Factors Influencing Consumer Choices in Wood-Based Recycled Products for Circular Construction Sector

This article explores the integration of wood recycling and reuse practices within construction and reconstruction processes, as highlighted in a wood products questionnaire. The aim of this study is to understand how the Romanian consumers perceive the circular economy in order to adopt responsible consumption models. The working instrument consisted of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was applied to 60.7% urban respondents and 39.3% rural ones and consisted of 23 items. The response rate was 68.5% for certain items (257 responses). In the first part, the integration of wood recycling and reuse practices within construction and reconstruction processes is examined. Emerging recycling techniques and demolition processes, particularly incorporating reused, reconditioned, and recycled wood in the construction industry, are evaluated. The economic and environmental implications of these practices are also examined, contributing to the discussion of eco-design policies, and construction waste management and standards. In the second part, insights are provided into how Romanian consumers’ knowledge of CE principles, information about product characteristics, and attitudes influence the demand for recycled wood products. The study concludes with recommendations for better promotion strategies of wood-based recycled products, aiming to increase awareness of its long-term environmental and socio-economic benefits. Additionally, it suggests the need for providing more information on the environmental benefits of wood-based recycled products, and for a more active engagement of stakeholders in the transition to a circular economy. The results serve as a basis for a better understanding of Romanian consumers’ adoption of sustainable consumption behavior in agreement with circular economy concepts and SDGs. While the majority of respondents generally shows openness to an eco-friendly product, mere promotion of these principles may not suffice to change entrenched behaviors and purchasing habits.

Corrosion inhibitor from nature: Fundamentals of tannic acid inhibition for AA2024 alloy

This study addresses the fundamentals of corrosion inhibition of AA2024 alloy by tannic acid (TA), a Cr-free and eco-friendly natural product. To this end, the AA2024 alloy was immersed in NaCl solution (50 mM) with different TA concentrations (0.1–10 mM) for 7 days. Surface (SEM, Raman, and SKPFM) and electrochemical analyses (EIS, PDP, and SVET) revealed mixed inhibition after 1 day of immersion in TA solution. Long-term immersion tests in TA solutions produced a tannate-rich oxide film on the surface. The films with low tannate content (formed in 0.1 and 1 mM TA) showed the highest stability and corrosion resistance.

Biosynthesis and potential application of sustainable lignocellulolytic enzymes cocktail for the development of eco-friendly multifunctional cellulosic products

Biosynthesis and potential application of sustainable lignocellulolytic enzymes cocktail for the development of eco-friendly multifunctional cellulosic products

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Policy on Customers' Appetite to Buy Environmental Friendly Products before and After COVID-19

Purpose: This research aims to thoroughly examine the diverse effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on consumer Appetite, specifically concentrating on consumers' inclination toward purchasing environmentally sustainable products. Notably, we investigate consumers' perceptions across different periods, scrutinizing behavioral shifts before and after the COVID-19 era. Design/Methodology/Approach: Employing a robust empirical strategy, our survey methodology involves a substantial sample of 815 respondents, focusing on the demographic of young consumers in Bangladesh-a dynamic developing nation. The data collection process encompasses a meticulously crafted questionnaire, and our analysis employs the sophisticated framework of structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: Our insights go beyond conventional observations, revealing a nuanced understanding of consumer priorities even in the wake of the pandemic. Consumers consistently prioritize corporate practices related to circular economy principles, the geographical aspects of cloth production, raw material origins, pollution control, workers' rights, and the responsible utilization of recycled materials. Originality/value: This study introduces an original model that significantly contributes to comprehending the impact of CSR on consumer behavior, highlighting its relevance for policymakers in Bangladesh. The implications extend beyond the immediate scope, influencing strategies for integrating eco-friendly products into the broader business environment. Consequences: The empirical findings in this study challenge existing assumptions, emphasizing the pivotal influence of environmental considerations on shaping positive consumer behavior. Beyond superficial observations, this research offers a more sophisticated view of the intricate processes, providing significant insights for academics, industry experts, and businesses.

Organic Food Products - A study on Consumers Perspective in Udgir Town of Maharashtra

In the recent decade we have observed a trend of emerging concern among human beings on the planet earth towards ecology and environment. The increasing concern among humans about environment has led to the increasing demand and requirement for Eco-friendly Organic Food products in the Indian market. As awareness of environmental issues and health concerns rises, consumers increasingly seek sustainable food options that align with their values. This study examines key factors influencing consumer choices, including perceived health benefits, environmental impact, and the importance of ethical sourcing. Through survey, insights are gathered on consumer knowledge of organic certifications, pricing concerns, and the role of marketing in shaping perceptions Considering the environmental concerns this articles states that today the consumers are optimistic and have a positive attitude towards Organic Food products and consumers do prefer to buy such products even if they have to pay a premium for the same which is usually influenced by certain variables that include their perceptions about the benefits that Eco-friendly Organic Food organic food products provide, along with the societal norms and personal values moreover including their understanding towards environmental concerns. The study is concluded with certain suggestions that emphasizes on various methods to increase the consumer awareness towards Eco-friendly Organic Food products and based on sustainability encourage the Eco-friendly Food consumption pattern. The findings reveal a growing trend towards prioritizing eco-friendly products, suggesting a shift in market dynamics that could influence future agricultural practices and food production. Understanding these consumer attitudes is essential for producers and retailers aiming to meet the demand for sustainable food options and to promote a healthier planet.

Assessing cap-and-trade regulation's impact on dual-channel green supply chains under disruption

The rise of online shopping has intensified focus on the dual-channel supply chain, highlighting the need to balance profitability and eco-friendliness under competition and disruptions. This study investigates how cap-and-trade regulations affect the performance of a dual-channel green supply chain amidst disruptions. It explores the interplay between pricing and greening strategies under cap-and-trade conditions and varying market demand disruptions. The model features a Stackelberg game between a manufacturer of eco-friendly products and a retailer, applied to both centralized and decentralized systems. Findings reveal that cap-and-trade regulations affect centralized and decentralized supply chains differently. Centralized systems show higher sensitivity in greenness levels to disruptions compared to decentralized ones. Lower greening cost coefficients lead to higher greenness levels in both models, but centralized systems outperform decentralized ones when cap-and-trade regulations are absent. However, the performance of centralized systems deteriorates significantly during severe disruptions, whereas decentralized systems maintain profitability growth. Additionally, the study finds that increased greening costs reduce the optimal greenness level, impacting wholesale and sale prices. Centralized supply chains exhibit greater variability in carbon emissions and profits under disruption conditions, while decentralized systems show more stability and higher profitability, particularly in severe disruptions. The findings also indicate that a dynamic cap-and-trade system can enhance adaptability and efficiency in managing emissions during disruptions.

Mechanical properties of seaweed/banana fiber/hBN filled epoxy composites using Box–Behnken method

Natural particulate reinforced polymer (NPRP) composites are developed to replace synthetic fibers, aiming to reduce costs and environmental impact. Industries such as automotive, electronics, construction and aerospace are turning to filler-reinforced polymer composites and natural bio-fibers to enhance structural properties and develop eco-friendly products. This article presents research on epoxy-based composites fortified with natural and ceramic micro-sized fillers, including seaweed filler (SF), banana fiber (BF) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), fabricated using the hand layup technique. Through experiments, the effect of filler loading on the enhancement of mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), toughness (T), Young's modulus (YM), resilience (R) and yield strength (YS) of multiphase hybrid composites is investigated. Incorporating mixtures of ceramic filler and natural fillers into the epoxy matrix improves mechanical properties. The results demonstrated that the interlaced composites achieved optimum mechanical properties for S6 sample, including a TS of 24.85 MPa, T of 25.47 MJ/m3, YM of 7.15 GPa, R of 0.698 MJ/m3 and YS of 3.34 MPa. In comparison with S11 samples, the mechanical properties such as TS, T, YM, R and YS of the S6 composite sample are increased by 110.95%, 57.8%, 450%, 501.7% and 292.9%, respectively. The tensile fracture's scanning electron images reveal a homogenous surface with the formation of a fractured surface and defects. Statistical analysis at a 96% confidence level revealed the significance of the interaction between natural and ceramic micro particulate on the TS of the developed interlaced composite material, with a p-value of 0.007.

Determinants of intention to purchase online eco-friendly items amongst university students in Nilai, Malaysia

This study investigates the determinants of intention to purchase online eco-friendly items among university students in Nilai, Malaysia. This research builds upon previous studies regarding consumers' intentions to buy environmentally friendly items digitally. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is used in this study since its concepts are applicable and relevant to understanding people's intentions to buy environmentally friendly goods digitally in Malaysia. The present research examined the variables influencing consumers' intentions to buy various environmentally friendly goods digitally and evaluated how well they fit into the Malaysian industry. Surveys were sent as part of the project's quantitative analysis methodology to gather data. With an expected sample population of 361 learners, this study's approach entails data collection through purposive sampling. The results of this research indicated that each independent factor employed has an impact on people's decisions to buy environmentally friendly products online in Nilai, Malaysia. It provided input on elements that might help businesses organize their advertising strategies. The findings have an impact on research as well as practice. Corporations may execute viable concepts by drawing the link between the desire to buy and acquiring knowledge about the purchasing patterns of young customers. Thus, a company's market worth and income in Malaysia may increase. The research also adds to the body of knowledge regarding people's intentions to buy eco-friendly products via the internet by offering insightful information. By addressing a gap in the existing literature, the research's focus on this specific setting advances our comprehension of how people behave while making online purchases of environmentally friendly items within the Malaysian context. So, this study helps in building a resilient eco-system aimed at sustainable growth.

Kampanye Slow Beauty Skincare di Kalangan Member Female Daily

The concept of slow beauty may be unfamiliar to some, but symbolically, certain skincare practices are interpreted as manifestations of these values. This study aims to explore the form of slow beauty campaigns in skincare among Female Daily members and identify the values of slow beauty being applied. The research employs netnography and a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through online observation in FD Talk "Eco Friendly Product" and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that FD members have varied processes of identifying slow beauty values according to their own frameworks, especially in the context of using eco-friendly products. Out of the 13 aspects of Shel Pink's slow beauty concept, five aspects have been adopted by FD members based on their shared skincare practices. These include minimizing product consumption, using products until finished before replacing them, choosing beauty brands that support sustainability, avoiding fear of missing out on products, using eco-friendly products with multiple functions, and paying attention to the ethical production of inclusive local beauty products.