Eccrine Poroma Research Articles

Eccrine porocarcinoma (malignant eccrine poroma): A case report

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignancy of eccrine sweat gland usually presenting as a long-standing growth on the lower extremity. It is more common in females. It may arise in a pre-existing eccrine poroma. A case presenting as nodular swelling over the dorsum of left hand in a 56-year-old man is described. Cytologic and histologic examination along with flow cytometric analysis is presented.

Expression of CD10 in Basal Cell Carcinoma

We investigated the expression of CD10 by an immunohistochemical method in 51 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), eight pilomatricomas, five trichoblastomas, two trichofolliculomas, three sebaceomas, five sebaceous carcinomas, ten syringomas, two spiradenomas, ten poromas, four porocarcinomas, one eccrine duct carcinoma (not otherwise specified, NOS), six mixed tumors of apocrine origin, and nine squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). We detected strong expression of CD10 in tumor cells of BCC (86%), and found that the smaller the number of positive tumor cells, the larger the number of positive stromal cells, in particular in sclerosing BCCs. Spearman's rank correlation test revealed a significant negative correlation in BCCs between the expression of CD10 in tumor cells and that in stromal cells (P = 0.001). In all pilomatricomas (100%) and in four trichoblastomas (80%), strong expression was also detected in tumor cells. There was no detectable expression in trichofolliculomas. One sebaceoma (33%) and two sebaceous carcinomas (40%) expressed CD10 in a similar fashion to BCCs. All tumors of eccrine gland origin, including syringoma, spiradenoma, poroma, porocarcinoma, and eccrine duct carcinoma (NOS), did not express CD10. Five mixed tumors (83%) were immunopositive. In SCC, CD10 was overexpressed only in the stromal cells. These findings support the hypothesis that BCC is derived from the folliculo-sebaceous apocrine unit, especially having the same origin as trichoblastoma and pilomatricoma. CD10 might be an indicator of tumor invasiveness if it is expressed in stromal cells, while it might be a marker of follicular differentiation if it is expressed in the actual tumor cells of cutaneous epithelial neoplasms.

Malignant eccrine poroma in breast cancer-related lymphoedema

We describe the first case of malignant eccrine poroma arising in a lymphoedematous site. The patient had long-standing lymphoedema of the upper limb following breast cancer treatment. Lymphoedema is a recognised complication of breast cancer treatment and a risk factor for the subsequent development of malignancy. Possible mechanisms for this are discussed.

A rapidly growing eccrine poroma in a pregnant woman

A variety of tumors develop or exacerbate during pregnancy and it is well known that a noticeable increase of eccrine activity occurs in this period. Eccrine poroma is a benign neoplasm that originates from the eccrine sweat gland. The development of this tumor during pregnancy is extremely infrequent. We report a rare case of rapidly growing eccrine poroma in an unusual location (the nose) in a pregnant woman.

Pigmented Eccrine Poroma

Pigmented Eccrine Poroma

Eccrine Porocarcinoma of the Penis

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Case Reports1 Feb 2003Eccrine Porocarcinoma of the Penis WAYNE GRAYSON and JOHANNES S. LOUBSER WAYNE GRAYSONWAYNE GRAYSON More articles by this author and JOHANNES S. LOUBSERJOHANNES S. LOUBSER More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)63966-3AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Eccrine Porocarcinoma of the Penis." The Journal of Urology, 169(2), pp. 611–612 References 1 : Surface adenosquamous carcinoma of the penis. A report of three cases. Am J Surg Pathol1996; 20: 156. Google Scholar 2 : A case of porocarcinoma arising on the penile shaft. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi1997; 88: 576. Google Scholar 3 : Eccrine porocarcinoma (malignant eccrine poroma): a clinicopathologic study of 69 cases. Am J Surg Pathol2001; 25: 710. Google Scholar From the Division of Anatomical Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg and Department of Surgery, Pretoria West Hospital, Gauteng Provincial Department of Health, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa© 2003 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 169Issue 2February 2003Page: 611-612 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2003 by American Urological Association, Inc.Keywordspenile neoplasmssweat gland neoplasmspenisMetricsAuthor Information WAYNE GRAYSON More articles by this author JOHANNES S. LOUBSER More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Aberrant expression of p16 and RB protein in eccrine porocarcinoma.

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the sweat gland and very little is known about its etiology and molecular basis. To investigate the expression of p16 and retinoblastoma (RB) protein and their relationship, an immunohistochemical method was performed on nine eccrine porocarcinomas and five eccrine poromas. Furthermore, one case of eccrine porocarcinoma was analyzed for p16 gene mutation. A striking inverse correlation between p16 and RB expression was noted in all of the eccrine porocarcinomas and poromas. Strong immunoreactivity for p16 protein was observed in both nuclei and cytoplasm of the tumor cells in eight out of nine cases of eccrine porocarcinomas, while RB expression was negative in these cases. Conversely, one case of eccrine porocarcinoma did not show immunoreactivity for p16 protein, whereas RB protein was positive in the scattered nuclei. On the other hand, immunostaining of p16 was negative in all cases of five poromas, whereas RB-positive nuclei were sparse. No p16 gene mutation was detected in the investigated eccrine porocarcinoma case. These results indicate that detectable p16 protein and loss of RB protein are common occurrences in eccrine porocarcinoma lesions. Moreover, overexpression of p16 protein may be an additional, simple and useful diagnostic marker for eccrine porocarcinoma on routine laboratory screening.

Malignant Eccrine Poroma of the Scalp-One Case Report

Malignant eccrine poroma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm of sweat ductal origin. The term was first introduced by Pinkus and Mehregan in 1963 to describe epidermotropic eccrine poroma. About 100 cases have been reported in medical literature. It usually happens in the old age. It can be a single nodule, polypoid or ulcerative tumor. Distant visceral, regional lymphatic and cutaneous metastases have been reported in previous literature. A case of 79-year-old male with repeated recurrent scalp malignant eccrine poroma and neck skin metastasis is presented. Wide excision with free surgical margin was our strategy. The defects after tumor excision were reconstructed successfully in each operation. No adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy was done due to unpredictable results. No visceral or lymph node metastasis were noted during this period. The patient died of multiple organ failure due to infection of central nervous system 3 years after disease occurrence. We discuss this case and review the past reports.

進行期皮膚癌に対する抗癌剤感受性と耐性機序の検討

It has been known that there are individual differences in terms of effectiveness of anticancer agents for advanced skin cancers even in cases when patients had the same type of cancer. The chemosensitivity test for advanced stomach cancers has been covered by insurance since 2000 in Japan and it is now widely used in anticancer chemotherapy to determine the maximum effect with minimum side effects.It would be possible to generalize the tests in skin cancers because of their superficial location on the skin and the facility of their repeated excision. A three-dimensional cellular growth assay using a collagen gel matrix with an MTT assay, one of the chemosensitivity tests, has been applied to four cases of advanced skin cancers (malignant clear cell adenoma, malignant eccrine poroma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma) and to two cases of lymphoma from 1999 to 2000. The anticancer agents tested are 5-Fu, adriamycin, cisplatin, bleomycin, actinomycin D, dacarbazine, etoposide and vincristine. Furthermore, the appearance of multidrug resistance (MDR) agents, which include p-glycoprotein, MDR-related protein, lung resistance protein, glutathion-s-transferase π and topoisomerase, was studied immunohistochemically in six cases.A chemosensitivity test is useful to determine regimens of chemotherapy. Each case showed sensitivity to some anticancer agents and some MDR agents. There is, however, no considerable relationship between drug resistance and MDR agents. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2002; 17: 83-88]

P53 protein expression in eccrine poroma and porocarcinoma.

The role of p53 mutation has been shown in different human malignancies, including various skin cancers. In this study, we examined p53 protein expression in 25 eccrine poromas and 11 porocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry. P53 expression was observed in 88% (22 of 25) of eccrine poromas and 73% (8 of 11) of porocarcinomas. In eccrine poromas, percentage of cells reactive for p53 was less than 5% (low expresser) in 6 cases, 5 to 50% (moderate expresser) in 14 and greater than 50% (high expresser) in 2 cases. In terms of intensity, 13 cases showed weak staining, 8 moderate, and 1 case showed strong reactivity. On the other hand, 2 cases of porocarcinoma were low expresser, 2 were moderate and 4 were high expresser. All of the high expressers had also strong staining. This study has demonstrated that eccrine poromas showed significant p53 expression as much as porocarcinomas and, therefore, p53 positivity cannot be accepted as a valuable parameter for malignancy. P53 gene may involve in the carcinogenetic pathway of porocarcinoma but it is likely that other oncogenes may also have a role.

Malignant Eccrine Poroma with Spinal and Cerebrospinal Fluid Metastases: Case Report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE A rare case of metastasizing malignant eccrine poroma (porocarcinoma) is described. This case is unique because metastasis resulted in hydrocephalus in the cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord compression in the lumbar spine. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 57-year-old man presented with acute confusion, lower limb weakness, and urinary concerns. Investigation revealed acute hydrocephalus and extradural cord compression of the lumbar spine. INTERVENTION The acute hydrocephalous was treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The spinal cord and conus were decompressed by laminectomy and supplemented with pedicular screw fixation. CONCLUSION The case reported here is the first with metastases from a malignant eccrine poroma causing spinal cord compression and acute hydrocephalus. Our observation is compared with a review of the literature.

Immunohistochemical study of angiotensin receptors in normal human sweat glands and eccrine poroma.

Angiotensin II exerts its actions through its specific receptors. However, expression of these receptors has not been determined in sweat glands. To clarify the expression and localization of the angiotensin receptors in normal human sweat glands and eccrine poroma. Expression of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors in normal human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and 12 cases of eccrine poroma was studied using immunohistochemistry. In eccrine sweat glands, the acrosyringium and the inner surfaces and luminal cells of the intradermal duct showed positive staining with AT1. In apocrine sweat glands, the intraepithelial duct and luminal cells of the intradermal duct showed positive staining with AT1. In 12 cases of eccrine poroma, some of the tumour cells in the tumour strands and cells surrounding the luminal structures stained positively. There were no positive findings with AT2. Studying AT1 distribution may be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of sweat glands and sweat gland tumours.

Cytokeratin expression of apocrine and eccrine poromas with special reference to its expression in cuticular cells.

There are no immunohistochemical studies on cytokeratin (CK) expression in large series of cases of apocrine poroma. In addition, detailed immunohistochemical analysis of cuticular cells, a specific type of constituent cells of poromas, has not been reported. Using the avidin-biotin method, we compared immunostaining patterns of eleven different anti-CK antibodies in 12 cases of apocrine and 21 cases of eccrine poromas, and normal adult skin. Poroid cells were exclusively positive for CK1/5/10/14, CK5/8 and CK14, which were expressed in the outer cells of normal dermal sweat ducts. Poroid cells were heterogeneously stained with anti-CK7, CK8/18, CK 10/11 and CK19 antibodies, which reacted in the inner cells of dermal ducts and in the secretory cells of sweat glands. The cuticular cells showed constant expression of CK1/5/ 10/14 and CK10/11, and various expression patterns of CK5/8, CK6, CK7, CK14, CK8/18, CK17, and CK19. Based on the keratin immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells in eccrine and apocrine poromas are considered to be closely related to the cells of dermal sweat ducts. Also the cuticular cells are considered to occupy an intermediate spectrum between the inner and outer cells of the dermal ducts. Although it is difficult to differentiate apocrine poroma from eccrine poroma by keratin expression patterns alone, the data obtained here can be helpful in differentiation of apocrine poroma from other hair follicle-related neoplasms.

Métastases pulmonaires révélatrices d'une tumeur cutanée rare :le porocarcinome eccrine

Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma, which belongs to the eccrine sweat gland carcinoma family, is a rare malignancy of the skin with a potential aggressive growth and metastatic spread. We report here a case of malignant eccrine poroma arising on the upper leg, with widespread pulmonary metastases. A brief synopsis of the pathological and clinical aspects of eccrine sweat gland carcinoma is presented with the currently available therapies.

Genetic changes in sweat gland carcinomas.

The molecular pathogenesis of malignant appendageal tumors is poorly understood. Immunohistochemical staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and sequencing analyses were performed in a mixed group of 21 sweat gland carcinomas. LOH was mostly confined to the chromosome arm 17p. None of the remaining 17 tumors showed LOH at any loci. Nuclear accumulation of p53 protein was observed in 3 tumors, all of which also showed LOH of 17p. One eccrine gland adenocarcinoma showed allelic loss of 17p and a Cys 176 Arg mutation in the p53 gene. The other three tumors that showed LOH of 17p, however, had wild-type p53 genes. A clear transition from benign eccrine poroma to porocarcinoma that was associated with p53 protein stabilization and allelic loss was observed in one tumor. One eccrine porocarcinoma/undifferentiated adnexal carcinoma showed prominent microsatellite instability, probably reflecting an underlying defect in DNA mismatch repair. Overexpression of erbB-2 was observed in three tumors. The low frequencies of LOH and p53 alterations in sweat gland carcinomas contrasted with the multiple genetic defects normally observed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, and may be partly explained by the relative protection of cutaneous appendages from ultraviolet light and other environmental mutagens.

Loss of heterozygosity of adenomatous polyposis coli gene in cutaneous tumors as determined by using polymerase chain reaction and paraffin section preparations

It has been suggested that an alteration in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, which is a tumor suppressor gene, is one of the earlier events in carcinogenesis of some adenocarcinomas. We undertook this study to determine the prevalence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the APC gene in several kinds of cutaneous tumors. Fifty-seven unrelated Japanese patients were examined for analysis of the APC gene. The 57 cases consisted of extramammary Paget’s disease, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), eccrine poroma and porocarcinoma, metastatic tumor of rectal adenocarcinoma and malignant melanoma. DNA was extracted from the tumor and normal portions dissected from the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedding sections and amplified with the use of the PCR. The amplified DNA was examined for LOH in the APC gene. Seven samples of 32 heterozygous persons of APC gene (three out of seven eccrine poromas, two eccrine porocarcinomas and two metastatic tumors of rectal adenocarcinoma) showed for LOH in the APC gene. None of the heterozygous samples from the extramammary Paget’s disease (11), SCC (five) and melanoma (five) showed LOH. These results suggest that tumor or tumor suppressor genes, other than the APC gene, may be responsible for extramammary Paget’s disease and SCC and that LOH involving APC may have some relevance to the formation and progression of eccrine tumors as in rectal tumors.

Expression and localization of thymidine phosphorylase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in skin and cutaneous tumors.

Thymidine phosphorylase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (TPase/PD-ECGF) is a catabolic enzyme that has been shown to be chemotactic for endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenic in vivo. TPase/PD-ECGF expression is increased in a variety of tumors. In the skin, TPase is active in normal keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. Our objective was to study the expression and localization of TPase/PD-ECGF by immunohistochemical analysis in normal skin and cutaneous tumors and to correlate this information with enzymatic activity of TPase. TPase/PD-ECGF expression was observed in keratinocytes with intense staining of the infundibulum of hair follicles but no staining of hair bulbs. Expression localized primarily to the nucleus of keratinocytes in the basal layer but was more intense and cytoplasrmic in suprabasal keratinocytes. Increased expression of TPase/PD-ECGF in differentiated cells was confirmed by in vitro studies of TPase activity. In cutaneous tumors, there was positive staining for TPase/ PD-ECGF in squamous cell carcinomas (10/10), eccrine poromas (3/4), eccrine syringomas (4/4), trichoepitheliomas (1/3), and tumors of the follicular infundibulum (2/3) and melanomas (5/8). There was no staining of any intradermal nevi (0/2), basal cell carcinomas (0/10) or Merkel cell carcinoma (0/1). We conclude TPase/PD-ECGF is found throughout the epidermis and its expression increases with differentiation of keratinocytes. In cutaneous tumors, expression of TPase/PD-ECGF may be linked to the cell of origin of the tumor as well as the tumor's degree of differentiation.

Subungual eccrine poroma: A report of three cases

Subungual eccrine poroma: A report of three cases

Solitary Giant Molluscum Contagiosum of the Sole

Abstract: Molluscum contagiosum of the sole is extremely rare and only three cases have been reported in the literature. We report a solitary giant molluscum contagiosum on the left sole of a 5‐year‐old boy, which should be clinically differentiated from plantar wart, eccrine poroma, epidermal cyst, foreign body granuloma, cryptococcal infection, and pyogenic granuloma.

Characterization of a Malignant Eccrine Poroma by Cytogenetic and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Techniques

We have cytogenetically and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyzed short-term cultures from a malignant eccrine poroma, a type of tumor in which chromosomal abnormalities have previously not been reported. Combining the results from G-banding and FISH, the karyotype was interpreted as 50,XX,t(3;11;12)(q21;p15;q15),+5,+7,+9,+9,t(12;22)(q13;q13),+del(12)(q15),der(15)t(3;15) (q23;p13),der(17)t(8;17)(q22;p13),−20,add(22)(q13).