Easy Mode Research Articles

State Responsibility and COVID 19

The subject of several aspects of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and State responsibility is regarded as a major area of interest in terms of the fact that the original epidemic quickly turned into a pandemic, which the World Health Organization (WHO) declared in March 2020, due to the virus capacity of easy and fast mode transmission from person to person. This Article seeks to determine whether States in light of international law might have violated the 2005 WHO International Health Regulations, and the WHO Constitution itself. If so, the possibility to hold States accountable for not performing the required protective measurements that are needed to prevent the spread of the COVID 19.

Exploring the effects of psychological ownership, gaming motivations, and primary/secondary control on online game addiction

Online gaming has grown to be a very popular electronic entertainment for people throughout the world. However, the burgeoning popularity of online games in some cases leads to addiction, a phenomenon that has received considerable attention. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of psychological ownership, gaming motivation, and primary–secondary control on online game addiction (OGA). Based on 436 valid responses collected from online questionnaires, the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach was employed to test the research model. Findings show that the motivations of achievement and escapism are positively associated with psychological ownership toward a virtual gaming environment. Of particular interest is the inverted-U relationship between psychological ownership and OGA, suggesting that too little or too much psychological ownership is associated with less OGA. Finally, individuals with high levels of primary (secondary) control are more (less) inclined to be addicted to online games.This study provides practical implications and strategies to address the alarming increase in OGA. First, families, communities, and universities should encourage outdoor activities, such as sports competitions, and offline cosplay games to address the need for achievement and escapism. Second, individuals who play online games for relaxation should choose a relatively easy or hard mode to avoid game addiction. Finally, parents, teachers, and employers are encouraged to pay attention to individuals who have a high level of primary control since they can be susceptible to OGA. This study provides several theoretical contributions. First, the study enriches OGA and the gaming motivation literature by exploring the roles of gaming motivation, psychological ownership, and personal control strategies as they can be a factor in OGA. In addition, this study is the first to investigate the dark side of psychological ownership in terms of negative outcomes for OGA. This study also advances the personal control strategy literature by understanding the roles of primary and secondary control on OGA.

Exploring the Effects of Psychological Ownership, Gaming Motivations, and Primary/Secondary Control on Online Game Addiction

Online gaming has grown to be a very popular electronic entertainment for people throughout the world. However, the burgeoning popularity of online games in some cases leads to addiction, a phenomenon that has received considerable attention. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of psychological ownership, gaming motivation, and primary–secondary control on online game addiction (OGA). Based on 436 valid responses collected from online questionnaires, the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach was employed to test the research model. Findings show that the motivations of achievement and escapism are positively associated with psychological ownership toward a virtual gaming environment. Of particular interest is the inverted-U relationship between psychological ownership and OGA, suggesting that too little or too much psychological ownership is associated with less OGA. Finally, individuals with high levels of primary (secondary) control are more (less) inclined to be addicted to online games. This study provides practical implications and strategies to address the alarming increase in OGA. First, families, communities, and universities should encourage outdoor activities, such as sports competitions, and offline cosplay games to address the need for achievement and escapism. Second, individuals who play online games for relaxation should choose a relatively easy or hard mode to avoid game addiction. Finally, parents, teachers, and employers are encouraged to pay attention to individuals who have a high level of primary control since they can be susceptible to OGA. This study provides several theoretical contributions. First, the study enriches OGA and the gaming motivation literature by exploring the roles of gaming motivation, psychological ownership, and personal control strategies as they can be a factor in OGA. In addition, this study is the first to investigate the dark side of psychological ownership in terms of negative outcomes for OGA. This study also advances the personal control strategy literature by understanding the roles of primary and secondary control on OGA.

Investigation of wet coal flow characteristics in silos by experiments and simulations

AbstractThe investigation of the wet coal flow characteristics is carried out in a three‐dimensional silo system by experiments and simulations. The effect of the moisture content on the flow characteristics is firstly investigated by experiments, which is in terms of bulk density, angle of repose, and flow rate at outlet. When moisture content is below 9%, the coal particles act as the easy flow mode. When moisture content exceeds 9.8%, the flow pattern turns to be cohesive. For the further understanding of the influence of the moisture content, we develop the continuum method with the effect of moisture content being considered in the mathematic model. The simulation results of the discharge rate and the ash content at outlet have good agreements with a maximum deviation of 7.3%. It is found that the Mixing Index decreases with the moisture content increasing because the moisture strengthens mixing among particles. And the velocity difference between particles in the central axis and ones near the wall grows accordingly. Particles with higher moisture content are easier to get the funnel flow mode. For particles with good flowability, the mass flow mode appears in the silo.

Планування реновації міст у Німеччині - аналіз управління

The European Union and Germany strive for a “green and just Europe” with a climate-neutral building stock, net zero land consumption and cities of social cohesion and cultural identity. Thus, urban renewal as the protection and cautious re-modelling of socio-material urban fabrics re-gains topicality. Urban renewal is neither a new nor an easy mode of urban development: West Germany experienced the first heydays of urban renewal planning in 1960s and 70s; big constructions works triggered civil protests and spurred institutional changes, namely the introduction of citizen participation in planning. Since then, the planning and local political institutions have continued to change oscillating between neoliberal and ‘citizen democratic reforms’. So far, however, the German planning research has ignored these changes and the evolving experiences of urban renewal. This paper steps in here: It aims at a critical review of the local practices of renewal planning in German cities today. Starting from the governance concept, the paper reveals key characteristics of and interdependencies among the local stakeholder groups in urban renewal – i.e. planners, politicians, citizens and activists, private entrepreneurs. It shows (1) how the formal political and planning institutions pre-frame the actors’ opportunities and interdependencies, and how they use leeway differently due to specific informal institutions. The paper (2) points at the tight and critical interdependency between the local political bodies and the planning departments, which differs importantly from some Eastern European contexts. Finally, the paper reveal (3) some new challenges that are the un-explored local effects of citizen participation and ppp-cooperation in German renewal planning today: It becomes evident that participatory and cooperative renewal planning is still a demanding learning process in Germany without easy nor final receipts.

Research on In-class and Out-of-class Cooperative Evaluation in Writing Class

In-class and out of class evaluation play important role in the SLA classroom as a supplementary teaching method, through which teachers and students could co-construct more effective teaching and learning environment. Despite its crucial function has drawn many scholars’ attention, it is not easy for teachers to implement effective evaluation in practice. This paper, based on current situation of Business English Correspondence Writing teaching, tries to put forward an applicable and easy evaluation mode can get students involved and can be beneficial and effective to both teacher and students.

Engineered Rh Nano-networks on DNA for SERS Applications

The study of surface and interfacial science via analytical techniques is a growing interest in the easy mode of diagnosing probe molecules adsorbed on the surface. In that line, Raman spectroscopy is an analytical method that is inefficient to carry the surface analysis employing their weak cross-sectional scattering until the discovery of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) in late 1970s. SERS creates a revolution in many fields, including sensor and biomedical applications. It works, when the incident light hits on rough metal surface adsorbed on the probe molecule gets increased Raman signal in a few orders of magnitude.

Cold creep of titanium: Analysis of stress relaxation using synchrotron diffraction and crystal plasticity simulations

It is well known that titanium and some titanium alloys creep at ambient temperature, resulting in a significant fatigue life reduction when a stress dwell is included in the fatigue cycle. It is thought that localised time dependent plasticity in ‘soft’ grains oriented for easy plastic slip leads to load shedding and an increase in stress within a neighbouring ‘hard’ grain that is poorly oriented for easy slip. Quantifying this time dependent plasticity process is key to successfully predicting the complex cold dwell fatigue problem. In this work, synchrotron X-ray diffraction during stress relaxation experiments was performed to characterise the time dependent plastic behaviour of commercially pure titanium (grade 4). Lattice strains were measured by tracking the diffraction peak shifts from multiple plane families (21 diffraction rings) as a function of their orientation with respect to the loading direction. The critical resolved shear stress, activation energy and activation volume were established for both prismatic and basal slip modes by fitting a crystal plasticity finite element model to the lattice strain relaxation responses measured along the loading axis for three strong reflections. Prismatic slip was the easier mode having both a lower critical resolved shear stress (τcbasal = 252 MPa and τcprism = 154 MPa) and activation energy (ΔFbasal= 10.5×10−20J = 0.65 eV andΔFprism = 9.0×10−20J = 0.56 eV). The prism slip parameters correspond to a stronger strain rate sensitivity compared to basal slip. This slip system dependence on strain rate has a significant effect on stress redistribution to ‘hard’ grain orientations during cold dwell fatigue.

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria as a potential resource for efficient biodiesel production

The incessant utilization of non-renewable energy sources persistently pollutes the earth's atmosphere and thus requires the immediate substitution by renewable energy sources such as biofuel. In this study, several nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are screened for biodiesel production on the basis of biomass productivity, lipid productivity, lipid profiling, and harvesting potential. The assessment performed led to the identification of Nostoc sp. MCC41, a nitrogen ficxing cyanobacteria as promising species (0.39 day−1 specific growth rate, biomass productivity of 540 mg L−1 day−1, lipid productivity of 84 mg L−1 day−1 and 15.7% lipid content). A simple filtration experiment shows that almost 81% of the biomass of Nostoc sp. MCC41 is harvested without flocculation aid, while only 23–45% of the green algae (control) could be filtered. Based on the results, further optimization of Nostoc sp. MCC41 is carried out. The optimum light intensity to attain the highest lipid productivity is found to be 54 μmol photon m−2 s−1. Continuous illumination rather than other photoperiods is superior in terms of lipid productivity. Moreover, Nostoc sp. MCC41 could grow under mixotrophic conditions revealing the potential towards an organic carbon-rich wastewater treatment. At 0.5% glucose, the Nostoc sp. MCC41 exhibited nearly five-fold increase in biomass productivity when compared to the phototrophic conditions. Lipid profiling uncovered that Nostoc sp. MCC41 has a high concentration of palmitic acid, indicating its suitability for biodiesel. Given its easy mode of harvesting, ability to grow under mixotrophic condition, and ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, Nostoc sp. MCC41 can be considered as a potential and eco-friendly resource for efficient biodiesel production.

PHARMACEUTICO ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SITOPALADI CHOORNA AND ITS LEHYA

Sitopaladi Choorna is a very common formulation prescribed for respiratory disorders. Palatability, mode of administration, refusal for intake due to Katurasa, mixing with honey and carrying honey along with drugs are the drawbacks of Sitopaladi Choorna. If the same could be modified into a form which would render same results of that of Choorna, it would be a better dosage form. Another dosage form namely Lehya is also an important form because the preparation has got good palatability, easy mode of administration and better absorption capacity. In this study, Sitopaladi Choorna was prepared as per mentioned in Charaka Samhita. Then it was converted into Lehya form. The pharmaceutico-analytical data were observed and recorded. Analysis of both prepared formulations was carried out as per mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The prepared Lehya has shown upper hand over Choorna in palatability, shelf life, action and absorption. The overall results are encouraging in the present study.

New books & media

New books & media

Station-Less Bike-Sharing System

Nowadays in the 21st century, Transportation has become a mandatory aspect of every individual’s life. There is a constant requirement for easy, cheap and accessible modes of transportation everywhere, especially in metropolitan areas. Bikes are becoming the most affordable and efficient way of getting from point A to point B. Commuters who can’t afford their own personal vehicles and in case their personal vehicle is not readily accessible to them struggle to get their commuting needs done. Tourists who need temporary transportation access can make use of bike-sharing systems for fulfilling their needs. The current system has fixed points or stations where the bikes need to be dropped off. We propose a system that does not involve any stations for the bikes and rather the user can drop off the bike at any location of his choosing and the payment process can be furnished on the mobile application.

Socio-Eonomic Status of Online Shoppers and its Associated Factors in Bangladesh

Background: Now a day,online shopping became easy and most suitable mode for shoppers. The internet has changed the way of consumers store and has rapidly developed into a global perspective.Online shopping has started in Bangladesh, but consumers are not much familiar with the term yet to go online shopping frequently.We have not enough data regarding the socio-economic status and behavior of online shoppers of Bangladesh. Aim of the study: This study was conducted to evaluate the socio-economic status and behavior of online shoppers in Bangladesh. Methods: Data from 200 population segments of the Bangladeshi consumers was collected by self-administrated and structured questionnaire. We employed factor analyses,along with other Exploratory Data Evaluation methods to explain the variance in response.

Obstetric Considerations in The Novel Coronavirus Disease

Viral diseases have always been a challenge to medical science particularly because of their easy mode of transmission and the complexity of treatment. The global coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) pandemic has raised greater concerns among the researchers. To date, there are no vaccines or definitive treatments available. Pregnancy, although not a disease or state of impaired health, can influence the transmission or progression of the disease. With limited evidence available on COVID- 19 and pregnancy, this review is an attempt to highlight certain considerations in pregnancy and during the post-partum period.

MP71-06 COMPARISON BETWEEN INTERNAL DOUBLE J AND EXTERNAL PYELOURETERAL STENTS IN OPEN PEDIATRIC PYELOPLASTY: A MULTICENTER STUDY

Summary Introduction and Objective Anderson–Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty is considered the standard surgical treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). After pyeloplasty, stent drainage remains controversial. The commonly used stents are either an internal double-J (DJ) or an externalized pyeloureteral (PU) stents. We evaluated the outcome of using DJ versus PU stents following open pyeloplasty for UPJO in children. Study design We retrospectively evaluated 175 patients who underwent primary open pyeloplasty in two tertiary hospitals. A total of 110 patients underwent internal DJ stent insertion (63%) while 65 patients (37%) underwent placement of external PU stent. The type of stent used at the time of surgery was according to surgeon preference and experience. Operative time, postoperative hospital stay, overall complications and success rates were compared between the two groups. Results The mean age was 3.8 years, and the mean follow-up was 4 years. Mean operative time was similar in the two groups (145 min). Mean hospital stay was 3.7 and 4.2 days in DJ and PU stent, respectively (p = 0.003) Summary Table . Postoperative complication developed in 9 out of 110 patients with DJ stent (8%), while complications developed in 6 out of 65 patients with PU stent (9%) (p = 0.81). Success rate of pyeloplasty was 95.5% for DJ group versus 97% for PU group (p = 0.63). Discussion Dismembered pyeloplasty remains the standard treatment of choice as a surgical management for UPJO. A debate is still there in respect to the method of PU anastomotic stenting and which stent can be used. The major advantage for external PU stents is that it can be removed safely in the outpatient clinic without any sedation preventing the risk of repeated exposure to general anesthesia. Internal DJ stent provides a shorter hospital stay and comparable complication and success rates compared with PU stent. If we manage to overcome the longer DJ stent duration and facilitate early removal by an easy mode, that does not require another anesthesia at that moment we can find the optimal stent for all pyeloplasty cases. Conclusions The two types of stents are comparable as regard overall complication and success rates after pyeloplasty. Although internal DJ stent insertion provides a relatively shorter hospital stay, a second operating room visit and anesthesia for removal remains unavoidable.

Game Accessibility and Advocacy for Participation of the Japanese Disability Community

In this paper we examine the recent situation of advocacy through game accessibility of video games for people with physical disabilities and its challenges in Japan. We conducted an email survey among the dominant gaming companies in Japan. We discovered that most gaming companies developing games for those with disabilities have actually attempted to provide some consideration to people with disabilities through setting additional special functions such as “easy mode” and “support for visual disabilities”. One out of five companies could be categorized as having successfully developed games based on the concept of specialized assistive technology, and the remaining companies could be categorized as having developed games for disabilities based on the concept of barrier-reducing goods. We also found out that the major Japanese gaming corporations had a tendency not to be active in communicating with the disability communities. Our results might indicate that stronger interaction with the gaming companies is one direct way to enhance further development of games for people with disabilities. In addition to that, considering that games are a significant form of social participation for people with disabilities, more social understanding is required in the Japanese domestic context.

Awareness and Reason towards Slow Adoption of E-Payment System: Study of Hyderabad

E-payment is a convenient and easy mode of payment, due to its convenience it makes everyone’s life easy, because it takes less time to make transaction. This makes a solid case for adoption in many developed as well as developing countries. However, there are many countries who have not successfully implemented it due to lack of facilities and even lack of awareness of customers. Even in a developing country like Pakistan E-Payment system is not so popular because of many operational constraints, according to Asian Development Bank (ADB) almost 95% people of Pakistan rely on case on delivery (COD) method and only 5% people use E-Payment system. In Hyderabad many people prefer COD method when they order online. This research aimed to analyze the customer awareness and lack of adoption of E-payment system in Hyderabad marketplace. The survey was conducted using questionnaire that was adopted from existing measurement instruments from past research papers. The questionnaires were distributed to customers and banks of Hyderabad, male and female, aged ranging from 18 to 51 years old. The data is analyzed using SPSS Software. The sample size was 350 respondents of Hyderabad. This study found that system credibility, facilitating conditions, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are the most important factors that affect to the customer awareness and slow adoption of E-payment system. This research will help to understand the reason behind lack of adoption of E-Payment system by studying the customer’s knowledge about the usage of E-payment system and evaluate the reason behind this slow adoption of customers.

Femtosecond Laser Inscribed Tilted Gratings for Leaky Mode Excitation in Optical Fibers

We consider the excitation of leaky mode resonances (LMRs) in an optical fiber that originate from light coupling initiated by small angle (<21°) tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs), through sub-micrometric grating inscription using a femtosecond laser. The femtosecond laser inscription triggers the interaction between the fiber's guided mode and backward coupling to the LMRs, a process that requires tight control of the grating period, reflection angle, order and the strength of the modified refractive index. The TFBG itself exhibits very low spectral polarization dependence, whereas the LMRs display strong polarization dependence in specific wavelength ranges, allowing for easy mode selection and opening avenues for various applications related to sensing and optical filtering. The tailored-for-LMR-generation optical filters were characterized for torsion, temperature and strain, exhibiting a very large negative strain sensitivity of –2 pm/μϵ and a temperature sensitivity of 14.73 pm/°C that when compared with the grating response led to an exceptionally large strain response and remarkably well-behaved conversion matrix for the separation of strain and temperature in a single measurement. The LMR also proves to be insensitive to bend. The nature of LMRs is considered and confirmed by measuring their radiation field using an infrared camera, simulating their resonance wavelength using a finite element method and by experimentally observing their behavior, while changing the ambient refractive index.

Cold Creep of Titanium: Analysis of Stress Relaxation Using Synchrotron Diffraction and Crystal Plasticity Simulations

It is well known that titanium and some titanium alloys creep at ambient temperature, resulting in a significant fatigue life reduction when a stress dwell is included in the fatigue cycle. It is thought that localised time dependent plasticity in 'soft' grains oriented for easy plastic slip leads to load shedding and an increase in stress within a neighbouring 'hard' grain poorly oriented for easy slip. Quantifying this time dependent plasticity process is key to successfully predicting the complex cold dwell fatigue problem. In this work, synchrotron X-ray diffraction during stress relaxation experiments was used to characterise the time dependent plastic behaviour of commercially pure titanium (grade 4). Lattice strains were measured by tracking the diffraction peak shift from multiple plane families (21 diffraction rings) as a function of their orientation with respect to the loading direction. Critical resolved shear stress, activation energy and activation volume were established for both prismatic and basal slips modes by fitting a crystal plasticity finite element model to the lattice strain relaxation responses measured along the loading axis for three strong reflections. Prismatic slip was the easier mode having both a lower critical resolved shear stress (τc basal=252MPa and τcprism=154MPa) and activation energy (∆F basal=10.5×1020 J=0.65eV and ∆F prism=9.0×1020 J=0.56eV). The prism slip parameters correspond to stronger strain rate sensitivity compared to basal slip. This slip system dependence on strain rate will have a significant effect on stress redistribution to hard grain orientations during cold dwell fatigue.

Direct identification of fish species by surface molecular transferring.

With the expansion of the aquatic market and the large quantity of seafood consumption, the issues on safety, traceability and authenticity of seafood are becoming more and more important. Herein, a mass spectrometric method by direct analysis of fish samples was developed for fish authentication. A high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) technique was applied to analyze the substances on the fish skin, or the surface molecularly imprinted substances on the surface of muscle tissues using a MALDI-target plate. A multivariate analysis was executed on the obtained mass spectra, and plots of principal component analysis (PCA) for different fish samples were differently clustered in a 95% confidence level. The developed strategy was capable of classifying and identifying fish species. The molecular imprinting method was found with good analytical reproducibility. The strategy enables the distinguishment of fish samples in a quick, efficient and easy mode. It is promising to apply the presently developed strategy for the authentication of seafood and extend the protocol for the detection of other protein food products.