Easy Hydrolysis Research Articles

Advancements and Perspectives in Biodegradable Polyester Elastomers: Toward Sustainable and High-Performance Materials

While the traditional rubber industry faces the severe pressure of environmental pollution and carbon emissions, bio-based and biodegradable elastomers have become a hot topic in the field and drawn intensive research interest. Inspired by polyester resin, incorporating polyol or polycarboxylic acid as a branching unit into aliphatic polyester and/or introducing a monomer with a C=C bond to provide open-bond cross-linking in the fashion of common vulcanization to form three-dimensional network structures are two mainstream strategies for designing biodegradable polyester elastomers (BPEs). Both methods encounter more or fewer problems, such as poor mechanical and thermal properties due to the easy hydrolysis of the ester bond and space hinderance, or the potential harm of the remaining degraded small molecules with olefin bonds. This article provides an overview of recent endeavors aimed at addressing these challenges and prospects the probable future advancements in the field.

Research progress in polysaccharide-modified lipid nanoparticles for drug delivery

Lipid nanoparticles serve as a promising drug delivery system due to the good biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and high drug loading efficiency. However, unmodified lipid nanoparticles have limitations such as poor stability, easy hydrolysis, and rapid removal. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have developed peptide modification, antibody modification, ligand modification, nucleic acid aptamer modification, and polysaccharide modification for lipid nanoparticles. Polysaccharides are a class of natural polymers, and the polysaccharide-modified lipid nanoparticles exhibit good biocompatibility, precise targeting, and low toxicity. Therefore, polysaccharide-modified lipid nanoparticles demonstrate great potential in clinical treatment. This review summarizes the preparation and application of polysaccharide-modified lipid nanoparticles, aiming to provide a reference for further research and development of new lipid nanoparticles.

Preparation and Properties Improvement of Decynediol-Ethoxylate-Modified Trisiloxane Surfactant.

Silicone surfactants are increasingly used in the industrial field due to their advantages such as low surface energy, stable performance, and good biocompatibility. However, many polyether-modified silicone surfactants' foam stability and easy hydrolysis in non-neutral aqueous systems limit their application in many fields. In this article, the decynediol-ethoxylate chain segment was grafted onto heptamethyltrisiloxane to synthesize a modified trisiloxane surfactant (G2). FT-IR and 1H NMR characterized its structure. Its surface activity, aggregation behavior, and wetting and spreading properties in water were studied by using instruments such as a surface tension meter, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and contact angle tester. G2 can reduce the surface tension of water to 19.24 mN/m at a lower CMC (40.44 mg/L), and the foaming properties and hydrolysis stability of decynediol-ethoxylate-modified trisiloxane (G2) in water are significantly improved compared with allyl-polyoxyethylene-ether-modified trisiloxane (X5).

A simplified small-scale workflow for determination of complete protein-bound amino acids using pre-column derivatization HPLC method

Existing quantification methods of complete protein-bound amino acids profile of a food or feed often involve complicated hydrolysis setup and multiple hydrolysate treatment steps. Herein, we present a simplified workflow requiring only two steps: hydrolysis (in milligram scale) and direct sample dilution (in microliter scale), well adapted for automated pre-column O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA)/ 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) derivatized reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (the concentration range was established between 0.005 and 0.50 mM). This new workflow significantly reduces the analysis time (by up to 12 h for every 36 samples) while achieving over 90 % recovery for total protein-bound amino acids, including tryptophan, cysteine, and methionine. The easy hydrolysis setup eliminates the need for special hydrolysis tube or explosive reagents and substitutes laborious sample preparation steps like dry-down, reconstitution, neutralization with voluminous diluents and pH adjustment, with straightforward dilution using 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and deionized water. This method accommodates a small sample load, addressing concerns of limited sample availability. Robustness of this established protocol was validated by bovine serum albumin, and further confirmed by several plant proteins and casein standard. Good correlation of our results with an ISO accredited laboratory was verified (r = 0.992).

Photocatalytic and fouling resistant MXene/3D-S-COF for efficient oil-water emulsion separation

Three-dimensional sphere covalent organic framework (3D-S-COF) membranes have received increasing attention in the field of oily wastewater and industrial organic matter due to their rich pore structure as well as having many exposed functional group sites. However, the synthesis of conventional imine COF through the Schiff base method, which suffers from the easy hydrolysis under organic solvent conditions. Herein, a novel super-wettable MXene/3D-S-COF composite membrane for oil–water emulsion separation was prepared by depositing MXene nanosheets on oxidized amide COF from the imine COF. The hydroxyl groups of the COF membrane not only improved the water permeability but also formed hydrogen bonds with the MXene layer, which enhanced the interaction and formed the high stability composite membrane. The porous 3D-S-COF and the zigzag MXene layer work synergistically to enable emulsion fluxes up to 240 L·m−2h−1 bar−1 and the separation efficiency is more than 98 %. In addition, the residual mass of the composite membrane remained above 95 % after 10 days of immersion in various solvents, and it also has photocatalytic properties and good resistance to fouling. This study provides a brand new idea for the use of MXene/3D-S-COF based composite membrane for oil–water emulsion separation.

A facile synthesis of α,β-unsaturated imines via palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation

The dehydrogenation adjacent to an electron-withdrawing group provides an efficient access to α,β-unsaturated compounds that serving as versatile synthons in organic chemistry. However, the α,β-desaturation of aliphatic imines has hitherto proven to be challenging due to easy hydrolysis and preferential dimerization. Herein, by employing a pre-fluorination and palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation reaction sequence, the abundant simple aliphatic amides are amendable to the rapid construction of complex molecular architectures to produce α,β-unsaturated imines. Mechanistic investigations reveal a Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycle involving oxidative H–F elimination of N-fluoroamide followed by a smooth α,β-desaturation of the in-situ generated aliphatic imine intermediate. This protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, and even the carbonyl groups are compatible without any competing dehydrogenation, allowing for late-stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules. The synthetic utility of this transformation has been further demonstrated by a diversity-oriented derivatization and a concise formal synthesis of (±)-alloyohimbane.

Chemical characterization of palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis Jackqu) oil

This study evaluates the Fatty Acids (FAs) components of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). The fatty acids were obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of the PKO obtained through soxhlet extraction of the dry ground sample of the seeds using n-hexane. The fatty acids obtained were characterized and identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS results revealed the presence of Saturated Fatty Acids (SAFAs) and Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFAs). The results show the presence of abundant lauric acid (42.21%) is vital in the application of the seed oil as an antibacterial agent with the ability to effectively combat acne. The average iodine value of 6.23 indicates that the highly saturated PKO will be less prone to oxidation resulting in better oxidation stability. Furthermore, the acid value of 12.22 as reported in this study unravels the state and edibility of the oil under consideration. This indicates that the PKO has a high possibility to undergo easy hydrolysis. However, its ability to melt at too low a temperature, prompting the need for hydrogenation is a gap in its application for most industrial production that requires thermally induced temperature.

Konjac Glucomannan Aerogels Modified by Hydrophilic Isocyanate and Expandable Graphite with Excellent Hydrolysis Resistance, Mechanical Strength, and Flame Retardancy.

At present, biomass foamlike materials are a hot research topic, but they need to be improved urgently due to their defects such as large size shrinkage rate, poor mechanical strength, and easy hydrolysis. In this study, the novel konjac glucomannan (KGM) composite aerogels modified with hydrophilic isocyanate and expandable graphite were prepared by a facile vacuum freeze-drying method. Compared with the unmodified KGM aerogel, the volume shrinkage of the KGM composite aerogel (KPU-EG) decreased from 36.36 ± 2.47% to 8.64 ± 1.46%. Additionally, the compressive strength increased by 450%, and the secondary repeated compressive strength increased by 1476%. After soaking in water for 28 days, mass retention after hydrolysis of the KPU-EG aerogel increased from 51.26 ± 2.33% to more than 85%. The UL-94 vertical combustion test showed that the KPU-EG aerogel can achieve a V-0 rating, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the modified aerogel can reach up to 67.3 ± 1.5%. To sum up, the cross-linking modification of hydrophilic isocyanate can significantly improve the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and hydrolysis resistance of KGM aerogels. We believe that this work can provide excellent hydrolytic resistance and mechanical properties and has broad application prospects in practical packaging, heat insulation, sewage treatment, and other aspects.

In Situ Construction of High‐Density Solid Electrolyte Interphase from MOFs for Advanced Zn Metal Anodes

AbstractAqueous zinc anode has been re‐evaluated due to the superiority in tackling safety and cost concerns. However, the limited lifespan originating from Zn dendritic and side reactions largely hamper commercial development. Currently, the coating prepared by simple slurry mixing is leaky and ineffectively isolate sulfate and water. Herein, inspired by the DFT calculations and the easy hydrolysis characteristic of MIL‐125 (Ti), an in‐situ grown high‐dense TiO2‐x solid electrolyte interphase (HDSEI) with rich oxygen vacancies is successfully constructed in an aqueous electrolyte, in which the oxygen vacancies not only strengthen the hydrogen binding force thereby inhibiting the hydrogen precipitation by‐reaction, but also reduce the migration energy barrier of zinc ions and enhance the mechanical properties. Profiting from the HDSEI, symmetric Zn cells survive up to remarkable 4200 h at 1 mA cm−2, nearly 42‐times than that of bare Zn anodes. In situ optical microscopy clearly reveals that the in situ grown HDSEI homogenizes the zinc deposition process, while bare zinc without HDSEI shows significant dendrites, confirming the protective nature of HDSEI. Furthermore, full Zn ion capacitors can deliver excellent electrochemical performance, providing a feasible in situ approach to construct HDSEI to implement dendrite‐free metal anodes.

Recent Research Progress of Mn4+-Doped A2MF6 (A = Li, Na, K, Cs, or Rb; M = Si, Ti, Ge, or Sn) Red Phosphors Based on a Core-Shell Structure.

White light emitting diodes (WLEDs) are widely used due to their advantages of high efficiency, low electricity consumption, long service life, quick response time, environmental protection, and so on. The addition of red phosphor is beneficial to further improve the quality of WLEDs. The search for novel red phosphors has focused mainly on Eu2+ ion- and Mn4+ ion-doped compounds. Both of them have emissions in the red region, absorption in blue region, and similar quantum yields. Eu2+-doped phosphors possess a rather broad-band emission with a tail in the deep red spectral range, where the sensitivity of the human eye is significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in luminous efficacy of WLEDs. Mn4+ ions provide a narrow emission band ~670 nm in oxide hosts, which is still almost unrecognizable to the human eye. Mn4+-doped fluoride phosphors have become one of the research hotspots in recent years due to their excellent fluorescent properties, thermal stability, and low cost. They possess broad absorption in the blue region, and a series of narrow red emission bands at around 630 nm, which are suitable to serve as red emitting components of WLEDs. However, the problem of easy hydrolysis in humid environments limits their application. Recent studies have shown that constructing a core-shell structure can effectively improve the water resistance of Mn4+-doped fluorides. This paper outlines the research progress of Mn4+-doped fluoride A2MF6 (A = Li, Na, K, Cs, or Rb; M = Si, Ti, Ge or Sn), which has been based on the core-shell structure in recent years. From the viewpoint of the core-shell structure, this paper mainly emphasizes the shell layer classification, synthesis methods, luminescent mechanism, the effect on luminescent properties, and water resistance, and it also gives some applications in terms of WLEDs. Moreover, it proposes challenges and developments in the future.

Deep Eutectic Solvents Synthesis of A2Sb(C2O4)Cl3 (A = NH4, K, Rb) with Superior Optical Performance

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs), which are considered as a new kind of green solvents, have been adopted for the synthesis of diverse functional materials. Herein, DESs synthesis is used to solve the problem of easy hydrolysis and oxidation of the emerging optical functional groups Sb3+ cations, producing three novel antimony chloride oxalates named A2Sb(C2O4)Cl3 (A = NH4, K, Rb). The three title compounds feature noncentrosymmetric structures consisted of [Sb(C2O4)Cl3]2– anionic clusters, which induce excellent linear and nonlinear optical properties of them. Particularly, Rb2Sb(C2O4)Cl3 exhibits a strong nonlinear optical response that is 2.1 times that of KH2PO4, as well as large calculated birefringence of 0.22@546 nm, indicating that antimony oxalates are promising optical materials. This work affords an effective strategy to settle the difficulties in crystallization of the materials including cations with low oxidation state and easy hydrolysis.

EFFECT OF CO-DIGESTING PRETREATED CHICKEN - GOAT AND UNTREATED COW MANURE ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN FIXED DOME LABORATORY DIGESTER

The effect of hydro, mechanical and thermal pretreatment of chicken and goat manure on biogas production wasdone using a 0.15m3 laboratory scale batch digester. The feedstocks were subjected to 6, 12 and 18 hours ofsoaking, 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm of mechanical mincing, and 60 ̊C, 80 ̊C and 100 ̊C of heating. Pretreated feedstocks were co-digested with untreated cow manure from an extensive dairy rearing system. Experiments weredone at 8 % substrate total solids and a constant temperature of 35°C. Averagely, mechanical pretreatmentresulted in the highest increase in mean biogas production rate with 11.11%, over the co-digestion control (0.54m3/m3d), followed by thermal and hydro by 5.56% and1.85%. Maximal increase in production for eachpretreatment was at 6 hour soaking time (9.30%), 3 mm effective feed stock particle sizes (18.52%) and 80 ̊C ofheating (14.81%). Co-digestion increased mean biogas production rate over mono-digestion by 68.97%(chicken), 81.84% (goat) and 8.8% (cow manure). Superior outer cell wall and cover disruption of feed stocksfor easy hydrolysis advantaged mechanical pretreatment.

A feasible strategy to balance the performance of stereo-complexed polylactide by incorporating poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)

The raw material of polylactide (PLA) is lactic acid obtained by biological fermentation. PLA is the most promising degradable polymer to replace traditional plastics to address the pollution problems caused by their non-degradability. However, the application of PLA is hindered by its low softening temperature, easy hydrolysis, and poor toughness. Herein, the ternary composites with PLLA, PDLA and Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were prepared by melt blending to balance its thermal stability, hydrolysis, and toughness. The effects of PBAT content (3 %, 6 %, 9 % and 12 %) and isothermal crystallization temperature on composite properties were fully investigated. The results show that the composite of stereo-complexed PLA (sc-PLA) with 6 % PBAT crystallized at 110 °C exhibits good comprehensive properties. Its vicat softening temperature (VST), mass loss rate under alkaline (pH = 12) and breaking elongation are 166 °C, 21.6 % and 4.40 %, respectively. Compared with the pure PLLA sample crystallized at same condition, the VST, mass loss rate and breaking elongation are 159 °C, 24.7 % and 3.76 % respectively, which increased by nearly 5 %, 13 % and 20 %. This indicates that this strategy is feasible to balance the heat resistance, hydrolysis resistance and toughness of PLA, while it sacrifices the tensile strength a little. This work provides a new way to modify and improve the PLA properties. Nonetheless, it is also necessary to coordinate the compatibility of PLA and PBAT.

Enhanced degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by the addition of lactic acid / glycolic acid: composting degradation, seawater degradation behavior and comparison of degradation mechanism

The degradability improvement of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), one of the most widely used but non-degradable disposable packaging material, is of great significance. However, the balance between degradability and mechanical properties remains a huge challenge. Herein, simple hydroxy acids, lactic acid (LA) and glycolic acid (GA) as easy hydrolysis sites were introduced into non-degradable PET via melt polycondensation. A series of high molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-L‑lactide) (PETL) and poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-glycolate) (PETG) copolyesters were synthesized with an excellent tensile strength greater than 50 MPa, much higher than that of most commercially available degradable polymers. The introduction of hydroxy acid endows PET with significantly improved composting and seawater degradation performance. Furtherly, the degradation rate of PETG with hydrophilic GA unit was faster than that of PETL, and the mineralization rate of PETG80 reaches 22.0%. The density of functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that adding hydroxy acid to the PET molecular chain reduced the energy barrier of the hydrolysis reaction. The molecular polarity index (MPI) analysis furtherly confirmed that the higher affinity between the GA unit and water may be the primary reason for the faster degradation of PETG.

Measurement of Rock Electrical Parameters and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Quaternary Mudstone Biogas Reservoirs in Qaidam Basin

As a new and unconventional reservoir, Quaternary mudstone biogas reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin are widely distributed and thick. They have great potential for biogas exploration. However, the mudstone biogas reservoirs in this area characterized by weak cementation, high clay content, and easy hydrolysis. Using existing methods, it is difficult to obtain the rock electrical parameters and evaluate the saturation. This greatly affects the evaluation of oil and gas reserves. This study selected core samples from the Quaternary mudstone biogas reservoir in Qaidam Basin, prepared the samples through core conformation pretreatment, and conducted rock electrical experiments using the self-absorption water augmentation method to obtain the rock electrical parameters of the mudstone biogas reservoirs for the first time. Then, the factors influencing the rock electrical parameters of the mudstone biogas reservoir were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the porosity of the mudstone core samples was generally greater than 20%, and the permeability was in the range of 0.05–5 mD. The rock mineral composition was dominated by clay minerals, followed by carbonate minerals, quartz, and feldspar. The clay mineral composition was mainly illite, followed by montmorillonite and chlorite, with a small amount of kaolinite. (2) The use of wire-electrode cutting and high-temperature, heat-shrinkable tube to wrap the core sample played a supporting and protecting role in the core. Using the self-absorption water augmentation method, information was obtained showing that the distribution of cementation index m of the reservoir core samples ranged between 1.89–2.08, with an average value of 1.99, and the distribution of saturation index n ranged between 1.872–2.270, with an average value of 2.09. (3) Organic matter content had no obvious effect on rock electrical parameters. With the decrease of clay mineral content, the quartz content increased, the permeability increased, and the cementation index increased gradually. The saturation index increased with the increase in clay mineral content and the decrease of quartz content and permeability. The above results laid a petrophysical basis for the evaluation of the saturation of mudstone biogas reservoirs and could provide technical support for the comprehensive evaluation of the reservoir and the calculation of reserves.

Rapid seawater‐degradable PBSG/PVA blends: Easy water solubility and easy hydrolysis dual‐promoting degradation

AbstractIn order to shorten the degradation incubation period of existing seawater‐degradable materials and achieve “disappearance” in seawater as soon as possible, based on the successful introduction of hydrolyzed sites GA into the PBS main chain to obtain the PBSG copolymer matrix, water‐soluble PVA is introduced to finally obtain a series of PBSG/PVA blends, aiming to promote the hydrolysis process of polyester matrix by the dual action of water‐soluble PVA and easily hydrolyzed site GA. Compared with pure polyester, PBSG/PVA blends exhibt rapid loss of mechanical properties, weight loss and molecular weight drop in seawater. Among them, PBSG50/PVA0588 = 50/50 with the fastest degradation rate completely loses its mechanical properties within 1 week, and its molecular weight decreases by about 97% after 417 days. In the first 51 days of degradation, the swelling and dissolution of PVA can effectively accelerate the decrease of the molecular weight of polyester matrix, and the Mn decreases by about 50%–80%, which is much higher than that of pure polyester (about 40%). After 417 days in the late stage of degradation, compared with PBS/PVA blends, the easy hydrolysis of GA promots the obvious degradation of the matrix, and the weight loss of matrix can reach 20%.

Novel in-situ constructing approach for vertically aligned AlN skeleton and its thermal conductivity enhancement effect on epoxy

As one of the key components of electronic devices, thermal management materials (TMMs) with high thermal conductivity are essential to ensure their safety and long service life. For polymer-based TMMs, AlN is one of the preferred fillers, but it has some drawbacks such as high cost and easy hydrolysis. Herein, a controllable and continuously oriented three-dimensional AlN skeleton (3D-AlNNS) was in-situ transformed from a low-cost 3D Al-containing skeleton (3D-AlNS) by combining the ice-templating and nitriding reaction sintering. Subsequently, AlN/epoxy composites were obtained by a vacuum infiltration. The composite containing 39.69 vol% AlN had the highest thermal conductivity of 4.29 W m−1·K−1, which was 21.45 times higher than that of pure epoxy. The composite substrates showed excellent heat dissipation performance in practical applications due to their high thermal conductivity. The continuous directional alignment of AlN powders in the 3D skeleton and intersection of AlN whiskers between the skeleton walls produced in-situ contributed to the formation of effective multichannel heat transferring paths and improvement in thermal conductivity. This novel approach has the advantages of low-cost, short processing time, simple operation and repeatability, and provides a new idea for developing heat-conducting polymer composites, which can also be extended to the preparation of similar TMMs.

Folic acid-modified disulfiram/Zn-IRMOF3 nanoparticles for oral cancer therapy by inhibiting ALDH1A1+ cancer stem cells

The repurposing of old drugs can reduce the cost of drug development and speed up the availability of drugs for clinical use. Disulfiram (DSF) is an approved drug for alcohol abuse. In recent years, it has been established that DSF exerts an antitumor effect via targeted inhibition of ALDH1+ cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, due to its metal ion dependence, easy hydrolysis and low availability, the clinical application of DSF is limited. Previous studies have also shown that Zn2+ can inhibit CSCs. Accordingly, we developed a novel metal organic framework (IRMOF3)-Zn2+, and DSF was incorporated in the IRMOF3. Folic acid (FA) was subsequently loaded on the surface yielding IRMOF3 (IRMOF3-DSF-FA) for targeted therapy of tumors. The nanoscale IRMOF3-DSF-FA exhibited a high loading capacity, good biocompatibility and strong cell uptake capacity, which could provide metal ions, target tumor tissues and inhibit ALDH1+ CSCs. In vivo experiments showed that IRMOF3-DSF-FA could significantly inhibit the growth of CSCs and tumors, with no significant vital organ damage during treatment. Accordingly, IRMOF3-DSF-FA has great prospects for application as a DSF carrier, opening new horizons for targeted therapy of oral cancer.

Two-Dimensional Perovskite (PEA)2PbI4 Two-Color Blue-Green Photodetector.

Perovskite materials have been widely used to fabricate solar cells, laser diodes and other photodevices, owing to the advantage of high absorption coefficient, long carrier life and shallow defect energy levels. However, due to easy hydrolysis, it is difficult to fabricate perovskite micro-nano devices. Herein, we developed a water-free device fabrication technology and fabricated a two-dimensional (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4 ((PEA)2PbI4) two-color blue-green light detector, which exhibits high detection performance under the illumination of two-color lasers (λ = 460 nm, 532 nm). Compared with bulk devices, the dark current of the fabricated devices (10−11 A) was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude. The peak responsivity and detectivity are about 1 A/W and 1011 Jones, respectively. The photodetection performance of the device is basically the same under the two-color lasers. Our results provide a new process to fabricate perovskite microelectronic devices, and the fabricated photodetector shows great application prospects in underwater detection, owing to the blue-green window existing in water.

Water-Triggered Self-Healing Composite Coating: Fabrication and Anti-Corrosion Application.

Self-healing coatings formulated by stimuli-responsive container technology are regarded as a prospective strategy for long-term corrosion protection. However, such types of coatings suffer from low coating adaptability and delays in corrosion protection because the occurrence of corrosion is prior to the release of healants from containers. Herein, we took advantage of the easy hydrolysis of MOF-199 for water-induced self-healing properties. Mixed corrosion inhibitors were loaded into MOF-199 and then incorporated into acrylic coating. The water sensitivity of MOF-199 was investigated and EIS tests were used to evaluate the self-healing performance. Due to the collapse of the porous MOF-199 structure, corrosion inhibitors could be released from MOF-199 with the invasion of water into acrylic coating. The corrosion resistance performance of damaged self-healing coating gradually increased. The metal exposed to artificial defects was well protected due to a barrier formed by corrosion inhibitors. Owing to these merits, this self-healing coating is recommended for use in various fields of engineering for corrosion resistance.