Eastern Washington University Research Articles

Biochar improves soil quality prior to prairie restoration

Intensive agriculture has led to widespread losses of native grasslands. Restoration projects are trying to reestablish native communities. However, the poor quality and altered food webs of former agricultural soils act as barriers to establishing diverse plant communities. Soil amendments such as biochar have been used to improve soil quality and increase crop yield, but little research has been on biochar in restoration settings. Eastern Washington University is attempting to restore a former wheat field to native Palouse prairie vegetation. In this study, we compared (1) soil abiotic properties and food webs between Palouse prairie remnants and Eastern Washington University's (EWU) restoration site and (2) tested whether biochar can move soil conditions at EWU's restoration site closer to those of remnant sites. We compared soils from three Palouse prairie remnants and EWU's restoration site, and compared soils at the restoration site that were treated with different levels of biochar. Soil nematodes were extracted and sorted to functional groups as an assay of the structure and functional diversity of the soil food web. The soil at EWU's restoration site had significantly lower nematode abundance, pH, and organic matter compared to prairie remnants. In addition, nematode abundance and pH increased significantly at the EWU site with the addition of biochar, both increasing to conditions similar to what is found at the prairie remnant sites. These results suggest biochar can improve some soil conditions in former agricultural lands even prior to native plant restoration.

Two new species of ektopodontid marsupial from the lower deposits of the Etadunna Formation (latest Oligocene), South Australia and a phylogenetic hypothesis for the Ektopodontidae

Molar morphologies of the latest Oligocene genera, Chunia and Ektopodon, are easy to distinguish, but species determinations are more difficult. As more specimens have been collected, more maxillary fragments with molars and/or alveoli and a portion of the rostrum preserved are available. With a suite of maxillae now known, new ektopodontid features have revealed themselves, including the shortening of the rostrum compared to other families of contemporary possums. The facial angulation represented by the flexure of the rostrum at the boundary between P3 and the molar row results in the rostrum being angled differently than the molar row. Ektopodontids have a significantly greater angulation and thus shorter faces, compared to that seen in contemporary phalangeriform possums. Two new species of the genus Chunia, from the lower Etadunna Formation, South Australia, can be distinguished from the type species, Chunia illuminata, of the Ditjimanka Local Fauna. Differences in molar morphologies and the degree of facial angulation distinguish a new species of Chunia from the lowest faunal zone and the Minkina Local Fauna (facial angulation of 52°) from C. illuminata from the next higher faunal zone (Ditjimanka Local Fauna), which has a greater facial angulation of 63°, while a second new species of Chunia, also from the Dijimanka Local Fauna, has a facial angulation of 58° and intermediate molar traits. The degree of facial shortening is a valid discriminator between species of ektopodontid marsupials as it coincides with the species level differences in dental morphology. Additionally, C. omega from the Tarkarooloo Local Fauna is placed in new genus, Ngathachunia, as it is outside of the hypodigms for both of the previously described genera, Chunia and Ektopodon. A well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the family indicates the species of Ektopodon form a monophyletic clade, while the species of Chunia are paraphyletic.Judd A. Case [jcase@ewu.edu], Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA 99004, USA. Case, J.A., Month, 202X. Two new species of ektopodontid marsupial from the lower deposits of the Etadunna Formation (latest Oligocene), South Australia and a phylogenetic hypothesis for the Ektopodontidae. Alcheringa XXX, X–X. ISSN 0311-5518.

Supporting an Inclusive Campus Community: An Academic Library’s Co-sponsorship of Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Heritage Month Celebrations

With the absence of an Asian American Studies program at Eastern Washington University (EWU), the campus community has limited opportunities to learn about the diverse and complex history and experience of Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations in the United States. Over the course of 6 years, EWU Libraries have co-sponsored AANHPI Heritage Month celebrations with multiple campus units and the local AANHPI community. With a focus on 2021’s virtual activities, this article describes the development and implementation of these celebrations and the library’s contributions to the diverse range of events proffered by the partnerships.

Placenta

Placenta Rebecca Morton (bio) Mothering describes it as deep red, suckered to the umbilical cord, and pulsing. Some people eat it, I say to my wife, trying to show her the magazine one night in bed. Red dust, red earth, red sky, a wide bright field of red poppies, red tartan sweater my grandmother’s hands mended, apple-red nail polish, three red cars in a row, red raincoats. My daughter’s red raincoat. Like an animal, I say and dogear the map of it. ________ Do you ever wonder what she was like as an infant, a playground mom says as we trot over to our toddlers who are aggressively kicking-up wood chips. I have some ideas, I joke, as I drop to my knees. ________ Horses will. Maiden mares are more likely. Eww, ThoroughbredVT posts on the discussion board when it becomes clear that one of her mares ate the whole thing, and fast. It’s natural, many respond. ________ Use a small, sharp knife. Carefully separate gristle and ligament. Refrigerate. ________ A friend sends me a picture of hers. More bruise- purple, more maroon, than red. Muscle-heavy if I held it in my hands, rivulets of plump veins if I pressed my thumbs in. Slick with thin bright blood, surgical scissors still clipped onto the cord’s end. What are you looking for? She asks. [End Page 86] ________ Sometimes it grows through the uterine wall, grows into uterine muscle, wraps itself around close-by organs. Too attached, Mothering says. ________ Add the tender parts to a simple bone broth and simmer until brown. Dry then crush into dust for capsules. Pickle in a Ball jar. Sauté with butter, onions. Spread thinly onto toast. ________ In Salvador Dalí’s painting, a slight, deep-red- rimmed red pool rests outside the person-egg, a grotesque person-arm clawing out. No, I complain to a friend. It should be purple and with veins. My friend nods. It should be enormous, I say, It’s all wrong. ________ Did the playground mom whipstitch a velvet bag for her lotus birth, the baby attached for five days by blue cord. Did she watch it wither, break. ________ My mother, my aunt, my aunt in her green and yellow ruffed blouse, my cousin at 16, my cousin at 18, my daughter’s birth mom. ________ My daughter’s birth mom holding out a pink- frosted cupcake. Two white-flame candles blurring a toddler’s quiet face. M—, When you returned, I rattled open, my I said, mine I said, but I was wrong: each minute she spent with you was a tethered, pulsing vein. [End Page 87] How can I answer? I am trying to imagine bringing it close. I smooth my palm along my belly, think of the Copper River salmon running now. Filled with translucent-orange roe. I practice opening and closing my mouth. [End Page 88] Rebecca Morton Rebecca Morton’s poetry appears in CALYX, Sugar House Review, RHINO, TriQuarterly, Me Cincinnati Review, Poetry Northwest, and elsewhere, and has been featured on Verse Daily. She serves as a poetry reader for Me Adroit Journal, and holds an MFA from Eastern Washington University. Rebecca lives in Chicago with her wife and children. Copyright © 2022 University of Wisconsin Board of Regents

Flip This Class: Maximizing Student Learning in Information Literacy Skills in the Composition Classroom through Instructor and Librarian Collaboration

Library research instruction is most effective in First-Year Writing (FYW) when the instructor and participating librarians collaborate. In this case study from Eastern Washington University, an instructor-librarian collaborative partnership was taken to a deep, sophisticated level. The instructor and librarians utilized a flipped classroom model to introduce students to the academic research process within a writing context. The results of an assessment of student learning from this class (pre-survey versus post-survey) indicated that a collaborative flipped classroom maximized student learning in information literacy skills.

The Spokane River ed. by Paul Lindholdt

Reviewed by: The Spokane River ed. by Paul Lindholdt Larry Cebula THE SPOKANE RIVER edited by Paul Lindholdt Washington University Press, Seattle, 2018. Illustrations, maps, bibliography, index. 296 pages. $24.95 paper. Who can tell the story of a river? Such a tale requires more than one voice. Geologists have their stories, as do Native peoples who live along its banks. Biologists see a river of interconnected life, while urban planners see a barrier to transportation and an urban amenity. Historians, environmentalists, and even lawyers have things to share. It is an interdisciplinary effort. It is to the credit of editor Paul Lindholdt that the anthology The Spokane River includes all of these voices and more. The twenty-eight chapters of the book include historical essays, policy reviews, poems, and personal experiences. The Spokane River begins as the outlet of Lake Couer D'Alene in Idaho. Over the course of its 111 miles, it rolls through the fertile Spokane Valley, plunges over a series of basalt cliffs in downtown Spokane, and snakes across ancient landscapes, gaining tributaries and volume until unites with the Columbia River beneath the waters of Lake Roosevelt. Its spectacular waterfalls are both the City of Spokane's most impressive sight and the reason for the town's existence. Yet, the river is not what it was. Dams turn long sections into slack-water lakes, some covered with algae blooms and dead fish in late summer. Houses crowd the banks in some places, and even where the river runs cool and clear, it carries heavy metals from long-ago mining operations and PCBs from paper plants. Signs warn anglers to limit their consumption of fish taken from the deceptively clear waters. Native voices in the book are strong. In the chapter titled "The River Gives Us Our Way of Life," Margo Hill of the Spokane Tribe recounts how her grandmother told her "the salmon hung from the horn of the saddle and stretched toward the ground" (p. 85). Her great grandmother Sadie Boyd made fish head soup, and when Hill would check to see what was cooking on her stove, she recounted: "Quite often I saw salmon eyes staring back at me" (p. 94). Fellow Spokane tribal member Barry Moses writes of the Spokane dialect of Interior Salish and how traditional names remind us of the Native uses and perceptions of the river. Lindholdt offers his own chapter, a biography of Lokout, brother of Qualchan and son of the Yakama chief Owhi. Born in the 1830s, Lokout's long life included stints as a linguist, a guide, a warrior, and finally a subject for photographer Edward Curtis in 1910. Other sections of the book focus on river history, efforts at environmental protection, The Expo '74 (Spokane's world's fair that reclaimed the banks of the river as a public park), personal essays, poems, and analyses of future threats to the Spokane River, including a loss of water and industrial contamination. The Spokane River is not only a superb book, it is a model for the kind of interdisciplinary collection that can be created around a common feature such as a river. The chapters are short, readable, and uniformly interesting. The book would work well in a college classroom. [End Page 216] Larry Cebula Eastern Washington University Washington State Archives Copyright © 2022 Oregon Historical Society

Changing Times: Assessment of Continuing Resources Due to Budget Cuts Necessitated by COVID-19

Due to COVID-19, a purchasing freeze was implemented, and budget cuts mandated by Eastern Washington University. This necessitated a review of all the library’s continuing resources with a short turnaround time for decision-making due to subscription renewal deadlines. Considering quantitative and qualitative factors, a collaborative effort from internal stakeholders ensued. A tiered collection assessment decision making approach was designed and implemented. Cancellations ensued, and 25 percent of the collections budget was cut. This project involved a systematic review of databases, individual journal subscriptions, and print standing orders. A project of this scale could not have been as efficient and effective without the cooperative effort between those in collection services, public services, faculty, and administration.

Create training for faculty members on digital accessibility

COVID‐19 has impacted all U.S. college and university students, but may have disproportionate effects on students with disabilities due to limited faculty awareness and training about digital accessibility. Prior to the transition to online‐only education during COVID, faculty at Eastern Washington University, where I am a faculty member in the School of Social Work, could work with Disability Support Services on a student‐by‐student basis to develop accommodations for students with identified disabilities. Faculty could also choose to use tools within our learning management system, Canvas, to ensure that materials posted in the course are accessible, but this is not mandatory. Faculty have no mandatory training about captioning, image descriptions, Microsoft Office accessibility tools, Ally Accessibility Reports, Universal Design for Learning, or laws pertaining to disability and digital accessibility. While this lack of training was likely to be obvious to students with disabilities prior to the pandemic, the concern has been amplified within the past year.

A Tribute to H. George Fredrickson

AbstractDuring his 50-year career, H. George Frederickson contributed on multiple fronts: to better government, to a more thoughtful and rigorous public administration field, to better scholarship, to a network of scholars, and to collaborative interaction among practitioners and scholars. He was the founding Editor of the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory as well as the Journal of Public Administration Education. He was one of the founders of the Public Management Research Association (PMRA) and was instrumental in establishing the world headquarters of PMRA at the University of Kansas School of Public Affairs, where he was the Edwin O. Stene Distinguished Professor. He was President of Eastern Washington University. A gifted writer and thinker who excelled in both breadth and depth, George published important articles and books, and won many awards for his scholarship. Most importantly, he was a catalyst for establishing social equity as the “third pillar” of public administration. In this article, five public administration scholars pay tribute to H. George Frederickson’s most influential scholarly works, with an emphasis on social equity and accountability. George’s impact outside of the United States, especially in South Korea, also is highlighted.

Upper Oligocene–lower-Middle Miocene peramelemorphians from the Etadunna, Namba and Wipajiri formations of South Australia

The oldest fossils referable to the marsupial order Peramelemorphia (which includes modern bandicoots and bilbies) stratigraphically date from the upper Oligocene of Australia. Here we describe new ancient peramelemorphian remains from the Etadunna, Namba and Wipajiri formations, which fill gaps in the documented evolutionary history of the clade spanning some 10 million years. The identified taxa include three new species of Bulungu that incorporate the oldest stem peramelemorphian known to date from Faunal Zone A of the Etadunna Formation. We also report a new genus and species of potential thylacomyid, which pushes back the divergence of bilbies by ∼10 million years. Finally, we present a phylogenetic analysis that clarifies the evolutionary relationships of these new taxa with a reassignment of the genus Bulungu to Yaraloidea. Kenny J. Travouillon* [Kenny.Travouillon@museum.wa.gov.au], Western Australian Museum, Collections and Research, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia, 6106, Australia; Robin M. D. Beck [R.M.D.Beck@salford.ac.uk], Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK; Judd A. Case [jcase@ewu.edu], Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, 99004, USA.

For president-elect: Angela K. Wilson

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Eastern Washington University, BS, chemistry, 1990; University of Minnesota, PhD, chemical physics, 1995. Francis P. Garvan-John M. Olin Medal, AC...

Intraprofessional education with dental hygienists: The post training impact on dentists.

Generally, dental and dental hygiene (DH) students are educated separately. When these students are educated together, studies show improvements in teamwork and understanding of their distinct roles. This longitudinal study was conducted to see if intraprofessional education (IntraPE) between dental and DH students can impact dentists in practice. Specifically, this study examined the attitudes of graduates from the University of Washington School of Dentistry (UWSOD), some of whom participated in the Regional Initiative in Dental Education (RIDE) program. The RIDE program, designed to meet the needs of underserved populations, combines courses of 8 first-year dental students with 30-36 Eastern Washington University DH students. In 2018, all 409 UWSOD dentists from 2012-2017, including 48 RIDE and 361 non-RIDE dentists, were invited to participate in this study. Attitudes toward teamwork and roles and responsibilities were assessed using qualitative and quantitative measures. The RIDE and non-RIDE responses were compared and tested using t-tests for statistical significance. A total of 77 responses were analyzed with a response rate of 54% (n=26) for RIDE and 14% (n=51) for non-RIDE. Results show the RIDE program improved attitudes toward DH in practice. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in understanding roles and responsibilities, but not teamwork. The majority of non-RIDE dentists (n=26, 51%) felt their education would have benefited from formal IntraPE. To improve attitudes, dental schools should consider formal partnerships between dental and DH programs, specifically in clinical settings.

In Accelerated Silence by Brooke Matson

Reviewed by: In Accelerated Silence by Brooke Matson Hannah Cobb (bio) Brooke Matson. In Accelerated Silence. Milkweed Editions. In Brooke Matson’s second collection of poetry, In Accelerated Silence, winner of the 2019 Jake Adam York Prize, supermassive stars, lithium, the biblical Eve, and others are given voices and deep contemplation, wrestling with life and death and the realities of living in a physical cosmos. Such is the whirl of contradictions and uncertainties that In Accelerated Silence confronts, through a single speaker who nevertheless embodies a variety of personae. In Accelerated Silence succeeds by unifying this chorus into a single narrative, which brings the reader along to encounter a grief deeply rooted in physical realities. In “Law of the Conservation of Mass,” the speaker reflects, The starlings singat morning and evening,the same doorway—singthough the hollow your hipscarved on the bed has no massto hold its shape. So many of the objects that the poems fixate on hold memories of the beloved. Matson returns many times to pomegranates, writing in one poem, my cart is emptyand I am wavering on the scuffed linoleumof the produce aisle, rubbing the skin of a pomegranateas if it were your hand. Objects trigger memories, which lead the speaker into deeper communion—and deeper confrontation—with the world. In “Ode to Dark Matter,” which contains the line from which the collection takes its title, the speaker listens to a scientist on the radio, who describes a minedeep under the earthwhere professors hunt the flutter [End Page 181] of your wingsin accelerated silence— The professors in Matson’s poem demonstrate the same urgency that runs throughout the book: an urgency to know and understand the functioning of the physical world, and to investigate it in the places where the cosmic and the microscopic meet. The speaker reels from the loss of a partner to brain cancer and looks for answers to the body’s betrayal that are rooted in the physical world. At the same time, Matson recognizes that such a project of understanding the universe is doomed to fail—and perhaps should be. She concludes her “Ode to Dark Matter” by observing: Whatever we see, we break—count and dismemberall we touch The poem entreats dark matter to Be the animal that escapesour love without a wound. Matson’s “Ode to Dark Matter” sets the stage for the many odes and elegies that underpin the structure of the collection. The formal thrust of these elegies and odes mirror each other, as the movement of the book is marked by both acceleration and deceleration, creating an energizing framework of contrast and opposites. The book maintains its undeniable velocity and emotional resonance through a playful expertise with form, both traditional and contemporary. Matson’s careful sestina (a notoriously difficult-to-execute form) “Neurosurgery” sings, and she counters such formal accomplishments with high-velocity prose poems such as “Broaden the Subject.” The variety of forms and voices lends new breath to Matson’s laser-focused subject. The book moves through many modes and oscillates between the heartbreaking and the hopeful, but the voice that sounds throughout is fresh, confident and consistently engaging. Uncertainty, dread, loss, doubt, and despair run throughout the collection, but these experiences are marked with tenderness and ultimately skew toward a hope that, Matson insists, rests in the reality of the natural world: in the beauty and mystery embedded into the elemental makeup of the cosmos. Despite microscopic realities being the things that have betrayed the body to its own loss, Matson looks resolutely to these same realities as the source of new wonder. When an amaryllis blossom inspires the speaker to religious exaltation, she observes after it wiltswhen I cut away the head anotherwill rise in its place and another after thatand another after that [End Page 182] The poem lands in an expression of joy at nature’s power to renew itself and keep going, even in the face of death and desolation. Hannah Cobb Hannah Cobb recently earned her mfa in poetry from Eastern Washington University, where she taught composition and worked as web editor for...

From the bottom up: Engaging technical services staff in decision-making

Sweeping innovations in publishing models, shifts from print to electronic, and the expanding impact of consortia alliances have transformed technical services operations in academic libraries. Work of technical services units is transitioning from daily assignment of routine work by supervisors, to a dynamic project-based operation where both staff and management input is crucial to the success of the unit. The new environment requires all staff to actively engage in decision-making as part of a team of colleagues and managers, using evaluation, synthesis, and prioritization to meet project and operational goals. This article describes activities Eastern Washington University Libraries’ Collection Services unit has undertaken to involve and empower its classified staff in decision-making and priority-setting in order to drive innovation and change within the unit and library-wide. Unit activities have included redesigning physical space, instituting summer retreats, establishing unit ground rules, and ensuring classified staff involvement in hiring. These activities have laid the groundwork for a more collaborative and empowered team of paraprofessional and professional staff able to successfully anticipate and adapt to the rapidly evolving academic library environment.

Making Landfall by Paul Lindholdt

Reviewed by: Making Landfall by Paul Lindholdt O. Alan Weltzien (bio) Making Landfall paul lindholdt Farmington, ME: Encircle, 2018 74 pp. Paul Lindholdt, longtime English professor at Eastern Washington University, has made a name for himself as a talented essayist through collections such as In Earshot of Water: Notes from the Columbia Plateau (U of Iowa P, 2011), which received a Washington State Book Award, and Explorations in Ecocriticism: Advocacy, Bioregionalism, and Visual Design (Lexington, 2015). With Making Landfall, Lindholdt demonstrates his talents as a poet. This collection distills much of his graduate work in early American literature. Fruit of many years' work, it focuses upon everyday life in the seventeenth-century Puritan colony of Massachusetts Bay. Given this unusual setting, the collection gives voice to the unvoiced in that long-ago experiment in Protestant theocracy. For instance, in the colony, unsurprisingly, women functioned as distinctly second-class citizens. One of Lindholdt's strengths in this collection consists in his devotion to female experience, as a number of his poems give women a powerful voice they historically lacked. Often, it invokes their sexuality (see "Sarah Hawkridge," "Another Wild," "Rebecca Glover," "Mary Dyer," "Moll Gone," "The Glare of Her Awareness," "Benediction," and "Marianne's Quarters"). Lindholdt also gives King Phillip, the Wampanoag chief, a poem ("King Phillip" 9). Another poem, written in the voice of a Puritan settler, "The Great Swamp Fight from the Pulpit Construed," ironically justifies King Phillip's War (1675–76), which decimated the Wampanoag tribe, as justification of the Puritan mission: "As pitiful as their cries / among the flames, scriptures declared them good. / We are the avenging sword of Leviticus today" (65 lines 29–31). Though Making Landfall does include a roll call of famous male settler figures across several generations (Thomas Morton, John Winthrop, Cotton Mather, and Jonathan Edwards, for instance), the greater number of poems devoted to "unknowns" and the socially marginalized give the collection its distinction. Sometimes they read like muted dramatic monologues and their stories grant them the hegemony they historically lacked. Lindholdt divides his book into five parts: "Brooding Season," "Line of Descent," "Flowers Washed in Our Wake," "When Land Grows Fat," [End Page 857] and "Merchant Saints." He pulls some of his part epigraphs from three twentieth-century American poets: John Ashbery, Rita Dove, and Patricia Goedicke; these epigraphs are balanced by those drawn from the work of Puritan historian William Bradford for the third part, "Flowers Washed in Our Wake," and pioneering psychologist William James for the fifth part, "Merchant Saints." Additionally, Lindholdt includes five pages of notes that provide succinct historical contexts for the majority of the poems. In a sense, each note has served as a prompt for the poems. Lindholdt usually writes in stanzas ranging from tercets to ten lines, and he deftly uses assonance, alliteration, and internal rhyme (and sometimes, at line ends, near rhyme) to underline his occasional blank verse. Occasionally his subjects take us beyond Boston or focus upon elements within the seventeenth-century natural landscape (e.g. "Tenochtitlan," "Ouzel," "Crossing Arbon Valley," "The Hawthorne Tree"). All told, Making Land-fall opens a fascinating window upon a local society impossibly removed from us. Except, it turns out, it's not. "Anniversary" celebrates the trysting site, a "ramshackle beach shed," where husband and wife return after twelve years of marriage. The poem evokes their private love, itself godly: Now the roof planks bang above usbeaming. Thistles nod.Laughter is a bright canzone, sweetness,the liquid melodythat gathers, clusters, refuses to fall. (52, lines 15–19) The ways in which Making Landfall dismantles a monolithic view of Puritan life recommends it highly to anyone interested in early American history, particularly its literary representations. In Lindholdt's imagining, men and women, famed or obscure, are driven by frustrations and pleasures similar to our own. The focus upon sexual experience, for example, subverts the view many of us might hold, one derived from Nathaniel Hawthorne's fiction, for example, that Puritans in their single-minded devotion to prayer and godliness ignored the tugs and joys of the flesh. Making Landfall makes the Puritans real, rather than grim repressed caricatures who wear black and either manually work...

Recollection

Recollection Casey Patrick (bio) Casey Patrick, poetry In the story, she cuts off her hands—no,in the story, she outwits the devil but losesher hands or her father grows desperate andsevers them clean. Or. A maiden standsbetween a man and what he wants. And.Each version leads here: she walksinto the world with her handsstrapped to her back. Maybe they wavebehind her like sheets sleeping on the line.Using her teeth she solves the problem of hungerwhile the hands hang there. Maybethey jitter shadow puppets on the wallswhile she naps. Later she's queen. She hasher unattached hands, open and useless,cargo of once, things were different. Sometimesthe hands grow back. Her body counts problemsall on its own. Her hands all on their own clap [End Page 174] for each bird that swoops by. Freight ofnow I have new habits of touch. Countless versionsof this story are true. In the nightthey move about her room, dancing. [End Page 175] Casey Patrick casey patrick's poems have recently appeared or are forthcoming in The Pinch, Passages North, RHINO, Green Mountains Review, and others. She has received fellowships from Vermont Studio Center and Hub City Writers Project, and was selected as the runner-up for the 2018 Pinch Literary Award in Poetry and finalist for the 2018 Brittany Noakes Poetry Award. A graduate of Eastern Washington University's MFA program, she is working on her first collection. Copyright © 2019 The Massachusetts Review, Inc.

The Benefits and Challenges of Collaborative Learning: Educating Dental and Dental Hygiene Students Together.

Most often, members of the dental team are educated in separate programs. These professionals then come together in practice to work as a team, often with limited knowledge about each other's roles. The aim of this study was to assess the perspectives of dental and dental hygiene students regarding collaborative learning after taking two courses together. Five years (2010-14) of survey data were collected from a convenience sample of dental and dental hygiene students. The dental hygiene students were in their first and second years (DH1 and DH2) at Eastern Washington University (EWU). The dental students were in the University of Washington (UW) Regional Initiative in Dental Education (RIDE) program, taking their first year of courses in Eastern Washington with EWU's dental hygiene and UW's medical students. Eight first-year dental (D1) students participate in the RIDE program each year, totaling 40 across the five years. Because the same D1 students take both courses, this target population was 80. The number of DH1 and DH2 students in these courses ranges from 32-36 each year, for a target population of 323 across the five years. A total of 193 survey responses were collected, for an overall response rate of 48%; the D1 response rate was 72%, and the DH response rate was 42%. In the results, students perceived that learning collaboratively helped them think positively about other dental professionals, benefitted their problem-solving skills, increased their understanding of clinical problems, helped them become better team members, improved trust and respect, and improved their understanding of course content. These results suggest that collaborative learning had a positive impact on both groups. In comments, students suggested they would benefit from more shared learning experiences in the clinic and agreed that collaborative learning would help them create a more cohesive team.

More Than Just a Student Voice: Facilitating Student Leadership Development Through the Library Student Liaison Program

ABSTRACTThis article explores how the library-student liaison program at Eastern Washington University (EWU) Libraries has evolved into an opportunity for students to develop leadership skills. Originally designed to foster better communication between the EWU Libraries and students enrolled at the university, we recognized that the process of achieving established goals for the program provided a vehicle for students' leadership-skill development. To facilitate the leadership process, librarians employed the Social Change Model. Designed specifically for college students, this model engages the student to develop individual capacities to strengthen group activities that foster positive changes in the community and society.

H‐Mediated Magnetic Interactions between Layers in a 2D MnII–Dicyanamide Polymer: Neutron Diffraction, DFT, and Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Beatrice Gillon from LLB (CEA‐CNRS), France, Jamie L. Manson from Eastern Washington University, USA, and co‐workers. The cover image shows the experimental magnetic phase diagram of a quasi bidimensional MnII–dca polymer and the magnetic structures of the ordered phases. The spin density, as determined in the paramagnetic phase, validates an important magnetic pathway mediated by interlayer hydrogen bonds.

Prescience

Prescience Danielle Weeks (bio) Tomorrow someone feeds me a choiceof two futures. I already knowI'll swallow the onewhere I've slipped down the drainto the ocean floorand forgotten how to swim. I won't tell youthe other choice,but I already know after a while of learningthe same four corners,I'll begin to believe I'm the onewith the metal throat,a knot of rotting meattrying to fall through meback home, which might be the oceanif home is not another wordfor an ending. My stomach is emptywith endings.You want to knowwhich horse will run fastestor which team will triumph over the otherthis time when timeis just something stuckin the back of my neck. I can turn myself inside out.I can learn to walk on my armsslow point to point, feedon the little glass animalswhose bodies never had a chanceof being anythingother than simple meat. [End Page 70] Danielle Weeks Danielle Weeks received an MFA in poetry from Eastern Washington University, where she also served as the poetry editor for Willow Springs. Her poetry has been published or is forthcoming in Hayden's Ferry Review, Nashville Review, Salt Hill, and Tinderbox, among others. Copyright © 2018 University of Wisconsin Board of Regents