Eastern Rajasthan Research Articles

Effect of Bio-Stimulants on Quality Parameters of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Soil Health under Cultivation of South Eastern Rajasthan, India

An experiment was conducted at Vegetable Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar (Rajasthan) during rabi season (2021-2022) on garlic (Allium sativum L.). The experiment was consisted ten treatments of bio-stimulants as soil drenching viz. (humic acid @ 4 g/L, humic acid @ 6 g/L., humic acid @ 8 g/L., seaweed extract @ 4 ml/L., seaweed extract @ 6 ml/L., seaweed extract @ 8 ml/L., vermiwash @ 10 ml/L, vermiwash @ 20 ml/L. and vermiwash @ 30 ml/L. and control) and laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The result of present study clearly indicates that quality parameters of garlic and soil health were improved with soil drenching of different bio-stimulants over control. The quality parameters of TSS (42.21 0Brix), dry matter content (42.54 %), crude protein content (7.05%), and pungency (10.39 μ mol/g), organic carbon (0.60) was significantly increased with application of humic acid @ 8 g/L over control. The maximum available nitrogen (342.74 kg ha-1), phosphorus (17.47 kg ha-1) and potassium (220.90 kg ha-1) was recorded in the soil after harvest of garlic with application of humic acid @ 8 g/L over control.

Herbicidal weed management options for pigeon pea(Cajanus cajan) grown in southeastern Rajasthan

A field experiment was carried out during the kharif seasons of 2020–21, 2021–22 and 2022–23 at Kota, Rajasthan, to study the effect of post-emergence herbicides on productivity of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]. The results indicated that the minimum weed density and dry weight, and the highest yield attributes, yields, and net return of pigeonpea were obtained under weed free plot. All the herbicidal treatments significantly reduced the weed density and biomass compared to the weedy check. However, application of pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg /ha (PE) fb Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 100 g/ha at 20–25 DAS + one inter-cultivation at 50 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height (1.82 m), pods/branch (22.96), pods/plant (206.3), weed control efficiency (84.39% at 60 DAS), grain yield (1,868 kg/ha), net return (` 87.66 x 103 /ha) and B: C ratio (3.35) over weedy check. This leads to the 61.73% higher pigeonpea grain yield over the weedy check plot. Hence it can be inferred that the ap- plication of pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg /ha (PE) fb Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 100 g/ha at 20–25 DAS + one inter- cultivation at 50 DAS is an efficient weed control method for profitable cultivation of pigeonpea in south eastern Rajasthan.

Characterization of biotic and abiotic signatures of modern lake sediments of western India, and its palaeo-environmental implications

A multi-proxy study of biotic and abiotic components was conducted on surface sediment samples from six lakes/wetlands located along the western transitional boundary of the contemporary Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) in the Indian Subcontinent. The primary goal is to assess the suitability of various proxies as representatives of modern vegetation, environmental and climatic conditions. The collected data indicate significant variations in the composition and density of pollen in response to climate-induced and anthropogenic ecological changes throughout the northwest India transect. The palynological studies from eastern Rajasthan shows high forest elements in comparison to western Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh. In addition, the palynological data was juxtaposed with other biotic proxies such as diatom and isotopic studies, along with geochemical proxies and paleomagnetic data of the surface lake sediments. The presence of marker pollen taxa including Cerealia type Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Brassicaceae, allows for distinct recognition of anthropogenic activities throughout the whole transect. The diversity and distribution of diatoms also support the palynological data in response to climate-induced and anthropogenic ecological changes. Furthermore, grain size, geochemistry (TOC/TN ratio with stable carbon isotope), and magnetic susceptibility data offer crucial insights about the sediment's depositional settings and general mineralogical composition. Stable carbon isotope data shows C3 dominance in relatively humid areas and C4 dominance in semi-arid areas, suggesting climate-driven control over sediment organic matter composition. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicates that biotic variables (pollen, diatom, stable isotopic composition) are significantly controlled by modern precipitation and temperature. Redundancy analysis reveals a significant influence of current average temperature and precipitation on major element oxide variations in surface lake sediments. Therefore, we propose using palynological, stable carbon isotope, diatom data, along with grain size, environmental magnetism, and geochemistry, to establish a multiproxy modern analogue for quantitative palaeoclimatic reconstructions. As a result, this study provides the first modern analogues from a climate-sensitive region that separates the area under ISM influence from an area with meager precipitation in western India.

Some Additional Information on the Ethnobotany of Rajasthan

This paper attempts to document the ethnobotanical information of some thirty unreported species of Sariska National Park located in the Aravalli hills of eastern Rajasthan. Out of 30 species, 22 are of medicinal and 8 species are of food value.

Epidemiological profile of animal bite victims attending anti-rabies clinic in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Rajasthan: An observational study

Abstract Background: India has been classified by the World Health Organization as an endemic country with the highest incidence of rabies-related deaths globally. Therefore, any instance of a dog or wild animal bite is considered a potential exposure to rabies. The National Action Plan for Dog-Mediated Rabies Elimination emphasizes the importance of formulating state and district-level action plans tailored to local circumstances and evidence. A cross-sectional study analyzed the epidemiological traits of animal bites reported at the anti-rabies clinic of a tertiary hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted at Sawai Man Singh Medical Hospital in Jaipur, India, from September to October 2022. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-demographic and epidemiological features of animal bites from a sample of 328 victims. Descriptive statistics and a spatial map were employed to analyze the results. Results: Among animal bite victims, 73% were males, and 35% fell within the age group of 5–18 years. The majority of cases, accounting for 92%, were categorized as category III exposure, with 61% of the victims being bitten on their lower limbs. Dogs were responsible for 76% of the bites, while monkeys accounted for 21%. Approximately 74% of dog bites were inflicted by stray dogs, and 82% of these incidents were unprovoked. Conclusion: The study highlights a higher prevalence of category III exposure and monkey bites compared to previous research, along with subpar adherence to prior immunizations. Most animal bite incidents were observed in public areas, particularly on streets and tourist destinations. These findings emphasize the importance of customizing district and state action plans to the specific context in Rajasthan to combat rabies effectively.

Evaluation of technological interventions on the productivity and profitability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) through frontline demonstrations in South Eastern Rajasthan

The study was conducted to examine the effects of frontline demonstrations on chickpea using scientific production technology for sustainable productivity and profitability on 40-hectare area covering 80 farmer’s fields in the Kota, Bundi and Baran districts of Rajasthan. The average yield of chickpea in the frontline demonstration plots (IP) using integrated crop management technology was 2219 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than the average yield of 1827 kg/ha in the farmers’ practices (FP). The average chickpea yield was found higher (18.88%) in demonstration plots over farmer practices, with the implementation of improved production technologies. During the three years of study (2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21), the technological index (17.21%), extension gap (392 kg/ha), and average technological gap (461 kg/ ha) were found out. During the years of the study, frontline demonstration plots had the highest average net profit and B:C ratio (INR. 77,357/ha and 3.38), compared to farmer practice (INR. 64,081/ha and 3.24). Economic studies over one or three years showed that adopting improved package generated higher profits than traditional farmers practice.

Hydrological dynamics of the Kalisindh and Parbati Rivers: An integrated analysis in the context of the Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP)

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of hydrological patterns in the Kalisindh and Parbati Rivers, highlighting the Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP) as pivotal for bolstering regional water security. Employing an array of data sources, this research utilizes Polynomial Regression and neural network forecasting to dissect flow patterns, identifying significant virgin flow peaks in the mid-1980s and early 2000s for the Kalisindh River, and a notable peak in 2006–2007 for the Parbati River. Analysis reveals that the specific discharge rate of the Parbati River is diminishing at twice the rate of the Kalisindh River, with annual decreases of approximately 0.0038 cumecs/km2 for Parbati, compared to 0.0019 cumecs/km2 for Kalisindh. Furthermore, runoff volumes indicate that the Parbati River, specifically at the Khatoli Gauge & Discharge (G&D) site, experiences significantly higher runoff—28,137.912 million cubic meters (MCM)—in contrast to 15,795.094 MCM for the Kalisindh River at the Barod G&D site. The findings accentuate the necessity for science-based water management strategies to effectively combat water scarcity and climate change impacts. The ERCP emerges as a crucial initiative for sustainable management of the Kalisindh and Parbati Rivers in Rajasthan, underscoring its potential to serve as a model for sustainable water and river basin management.

Understanding Human Rights: The Knowledge And Perceptions Of School Teachers In Eastern Rajasthan

Understanding Human Rights: The Knowledge And Perceptions Of School Teachers In Eastern Rajasthan

Estimation of carbon sequestration potential of Azadirachta indica from different provenances in South Eastern Rajasthan

Estimation of carbon sequestration potential of Azadirachta indica from different provenances in South Eastern Rajasthan

Pratap Raj Dhania-1 (RKD 18): Promising coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) variety for farmers of South Eastern Rajasthan

Pratap Raj Dhania-1 (RKD 18): Promising coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) variety for farmers of South Eastern Rajasthan

A Promising Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Genotype WFPS 48-1 for High Yield and Quality for South Eastern Rajasthan, India

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a major seed spice crop of India and Rajasthan is valued for seed and leaf, used for flavouring and seasoning of food and food products. A promising coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) genotype WFPS 48-1 has been identified for high yield and essential oil, on the basis of multilocation testing across the coriander growing states and specifically for Zone V of Rajasthan state. It bears white flowers and recorded average yield of 1933 kg/ha with around 11, 19 and 25 percent superiority over the zonal, state and national checks viz., RKD 18, RCr 436 and Hisar Anand, respectively. Its seeds contain higher essential oil content of >0.55% showing an advantage of 6 and 18 percent, respectively over the national checks RCr 728 and Hisar Anand. The genotype WFPS 48-1 could be further used in crop improvement programmes to provide a suitable replacement of the existing varieties to increase coriander production and productivity.

Effect of fertility levels and foliar nutrition in fieldpea (Pisum sativum) under south - eastern Rajasthan

An experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2016–17, 2017–18 and 2018–19 at the Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, to evaluate the effect of fertility levels and foliar nutrition on fieldpea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment consisted of 3 recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) levels (75%, 100% and 125%) and 5 foliar sprays [water spray, neem-coated urea 2%, NPK (19 : 19 : 19) 0.5%, NPK (17 : 44 : 0) 0.5% and NPK (0 : 0 : 50) 0.5%] at pre-flowering and pod-initiation stages. Result revealed, that the maximum and significantly higher plant height (168.21 cm), branches/plant (3.12), nodule count (23.75), nodule dry weight (35.87 g/plant), pods/plant (61.90), seeds/pod (3.78), grain yield (2350 kg/ha), net returns (`52,889/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (3.02) were recorded with application of 125% RDF (25 kg N + 50 kg P + 25 kg K + 25 kg S + 6.25 kg Zn/ha) with 7.32, 10.64, 13.54, 11.40, 15.81, 12,17, 26.82, 32.18 and 16.60% increase over 75% RDF. Application of 125% RDF recorded the maximum nutrient content (N : P : K : S 3.30 : 0.54 : 1.18 : 0.40% in seed and 1.69 : 0.48 : 1.51 : 0.31% in straw) and uptake (N : P : K : S 77.57 : 12.59 : 27.68 : 9.42 kg/ha in seed and 58.14 : 16.35 : 51.99 : 10.67 kg/ha in straw) over the other treatments. Among foliar applications, NPK (19 : 19 : 19) @ 0.5% at pre-flowering and pod- initiation stage resulted in the maximum and significantly higher plant height (167.76 cm), branches/plant (3.14), nodule count (23.77), nodule dry weight (36.36 g/plant), pods/plant (63.43), seeds/pod (3.89), grain yield (2,250 kg/ha), net returns (`50,835/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.06) over rest of treatments with 9.69, 12.95, 8.69, 10.06, 23.38, 18.24, 12.84, 17.19 and 15.47% increase over the control; however, it recorded at par results with NPK (17 : 44 : 0) @ 0.5% at pre-flowering and pod-initiation stage. Similarly, higher NKS uptake in seed and straw was observed under foliar application of NPK (19 : 19 : 19) @ 0.5% and P uptake under NPK (17 : 44 : 0) @ 0.5% than the other treatments.

Developed the fungicide schedule for the management of early blight in potato in Rajasthan

Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Kota to develop a fungicide spray schedule for the management of early blight (Alternaria alternata), the most significant foliar disease of potato during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20. The protective and curative activity of fungicides were assessed in field studies. All spray schedules inhibited disease progress and enhanced total tuber yields compared with unsprayed plots. Most minor disease severity (11.40%) with the highest disease control (74.32%) was recorded in the treatment (T3), where the first spray of mancozeb 75WP (0.25%) was followed by a second spray of difenoconazole 25% EC (0.05%) and a third spray of mancozeb 75WP (0.25%) at 10 days interval was applied. The second-best treatment was T2, where the first spray of mancozeb 75WP (0.25%) was followed by a second spray of hexaconazole 5EC (0.05%) and a third spray of mancozeb 75WP (0.25%) at 10 days interval (17.10% & 61.48) was applied. The higher tuber yield was achieved in the treatment T3 with the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.18). Thus, a spray schedule consisting of preventive and curative fungicides may be recommended to effectively manage early blight and higher tuber yield in south eastern Rajasthan.

Effect of sowing windows and nitrogen levels on growth and fodder yield of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) under South Eastern Rajasthan

An experiment conducted at Agricultural Research Station Ummedganj, Kota, Rajasthan during Rabi (2018-19 and 2019-20). The experiment was laid-out in split plot design with four replications having sixteen treatment combinations of four sowing windows (25th October, 05th November, 15th November and 25th November) allocated in main plot and four nitrogen levels (100, 125, 150 and 200 % RDN) in sub plot. Significantly higher leaf weight/10 plants (g) and 10 plant’s stem weight (g) of ryegrass were noted when the sowing occurred on November 05th during first cutting at 45, second cutting at 75, third cutting at 105 and fourth cutting at 135 DAS over sowing of ryegrass on 15th and 25th November, respectively. Ryegrass sown on 05th November had a significantly higher green and dry fodder yield (1184 and 224 q/ha) than sown on 15th and 25th November. However, it was found at par with sown on 25th October sowing (1145 and 220 q/ha).Under 150 % RDN application at 45, 75, 105, and 135 DAS sowing on 5th November, the maximum leaf weight (g) and stem weight (g) of ryegrass were measured over application of 100% RDN and 125% RDN. Application of 150% RDN gave significantly higher green and dry fodder yield (1112 and 202 q/ha) over application of 100 and 125% RDN, but it was found at par with application of 200% RDN (1121 and 205 q/ha) green and dry fodder yield in the pooled analysis.

First occurrence record of Indian Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros lankadiva in Rajasthan, India

An erroneously cited text of Wason by subsequent authors has led to the assumption that Hipposideros lankadiva was first recorded in Rajasthan in the Bhim Bharak caves of Jodhpur. A careful review of Wason’s note revealed that it in fact mentioned another species from the genus, H. fulvus. This erroneous citation has led to several research articles published on the ecological aspects of this species to be misinformed. The authors discovered a small population of H. lankadiva in eastern Rajasthan and have monitored this new population since 2010. Since the Bhim Bharak cave location is erroneous, Kased Cave (26.2209N, 77.1024E) is the only location of H. lankadiva for Rajasthan and is therefore the first record of the species from the state.

Effect of irrigation scheduling and foliar fertilization on productivity, profitability and water use efficiency of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] under climatic variability of South Eastern Rajasthan

An experiment conducted during three consecutive years of Kharif (2013 to 2015) at Agricultural Research Station- Ummedganj, Agriculture University, Kota (Rajasthan) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill].The experiment consisted of twenty treatment combinations viz., four irrigation schedules (one irrigation at flowering, one irrigation at pod development, two irrigations at flowering and pod development and rainfed) and five foliar fertilization spray of N:P: K (5 g/lit. water) spray at 45, 60 and 75 DAS(17:44:00,19:19:19 ,17:44:00 ,19:19:19 and RDF) were under taken in split plot design with four replications. Three years pooled data showed that the maximum seed yield (1286 kg ha-1) obtained under irrigation at flowering and pod development stage over irrigation at flowering stage and rainfed, but it was found at par with irrigation at pod development stagein soybean. The water use efficiency did not significantly influence under various irrigation schedules. Significantly higher net returns (Rs.19452/- ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.84) were observed under irrigation at flowering and pod development stage, but it was found at par with one irrigation at pod development stage. Significantly higher seed yield (1333kg ha-1) was recorded under foliar fertilization 19:19:19 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS, but it was found at par with 17:44:00 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS over rest of foliar fertilization. The water use efficiency was found maximum (23.46 kg/ha-cm) with foliar spray of 19:19:19 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS.The foliar fertilization of 19:19:19 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS gave significantly higher net return (Rs. 21081/- ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.92), but it was found at par with foliar spray of 17:44:00 (5 gm/lit) at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS over rest of the treatments.

Pattern of Illness in Prisoners Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of South Eastern Rajasthan

The delivery of health care among prisoners is one of the most important aspects of improving human rights compliance. Estimating common healthcare problems in prisoners will be helpful in assessing their health status and recommending the rectifying steps. Therefore, knowing the types of morbidities will help us in making health policies which will be helpful in reducing the health burden in prisoners and will also help in reintegration of prisoners into mainstream society. The present study is a retrospective analysis to find out the common medical conditions in prisoners. The study was carried out by collecting data of 500 admitted prisoner in a tertiary care institute in south-east Rajasthan. The majority (95.2%) of referred prisoners were male, from age group of 30-39 years, mean age of prisoners being 39.6 years and the majority (90%) were referred from Central Jail, Kota. The majority (53.2%) of prisoners were admitted to medicine department followed by psychiatry department (26.4%). A higher prevalence of anemia and pulmonary tuberculosis was reported among prisoners. Surgical illness related to infectious etiology and poor personal hygiene was common in prisoners. Psychosis not specified (17%), schizophrenia (8%), mixed anxiety depressive disorder (8%) and substance use disorders (16%) were common psychiatric conditions. Mean duration of hospitalization was 9 days.

SURVEY AND ESTIMATION OF YIELD LOSS DUE TO STEM NECROSIS VIRUS OF POTATO GROWING AREAS OF SOUTH-EASTERN RAJASTHAN

Stem necrosis disease seemed as dim brunet necrotic parts at the nodes and caused girdling of the petiole foremost to leak dropping and necrosis. Stem necrosis disease ranged from 8.5 to 22.5 per cent was recorded in Kota, Baran and Bundi districts of Rajasthan. Significantly tuber yield reduction was recorded at grade wise. Maximum yield reductions (63.16%) were observed under more than 75% disease severity in Southern Eastern Rajasthan.

Impact of Climate Change on Aquatic Plants Found in Major Lentic Water Bodies Located at Eastern Rajasthan

Climate change is one of the major challenges of the environment which is caused by the burning of fossilfuel, deforestation, increasing anthropogenic activities, release of greenhouse gases and global warming.The biggest factor of concern is increase in greenhouse gases mainly CO2 level which change the climateand weather pattern. In Rajasthan situation is as critical as continuous rain failure create the conditions ofdraught in Rajasthan. Some of the immediate effects of recent climate change are becoming apparent througheffects on aquatic flora. Vicissitudes of climate have a considerable impact on aquatic flora. The wetlandecosystems, which are most productive but most fragile, are great threat of extinction today, partly onaccount of their use for human activities and partly due to natural threats; such as frequent droughts,scantly rainfall, erosion and biotic effects caused by biotic intervention in maintaining them. The currentreview mainly focuses on how flora of eastern Rajasthan are likely responding to direct and indirect effectsof anthropogenic climate change. We aim to awareness rather than to be comprehensive. Rajasthan is thelargest state of India area-wise constituting 10.4% of country’s geographical area. East Rajasthan got one ofthe two Ramsar sites of Rajasthan, two national parks, and 7 wildlife sanctuaries and comprises about 9%geographical area of the state. Most of the lakes in east Rajasthan get fully dried up at least once in four tofive years. All aquatic ecosystems of this region suffer from periodic desiccation. We include extinction inaquatic plants, endangered species, and invasive species. However, all are important in providing insightsinto future state of aquatic ecosystems. We also highlight some of the management issues relevant toconserving aquatic communities and ecosystem in the face of anthropogenic climate change.

143P Demographics of breast cancer and non-malignant breast lesions in Western India: A study of 8000 breast pathologies

Breast cancer accounted for the highest percentage amongst all new cases of cancer in 2020 (11.7%). Different pathologic subtypes have varied survival rates. Benign breast diseases have a reported incidence of 76% in a series in southern India. But in western India, dearth of proper data makes it difficult to predict the distribution. This study intended at creating data on epidemiological distribution of breast cancer subtypes and benign breast lesions in eastern Rajasthan, India.