Eastern People Research Articles

The Representation of the Oriental Exotic through Multiple Races in 'Kyng Alisaunder'

Orientalism as a term defining the relationship between the East and the West had been in circulation before the seminal work of Edward Said with the same name. As Said theorized the systematic othering done by the West towards the East he touched upon multiple aspects of this approach, one of them being the representation of the exotic. Exploring the medieval romance Kyng Alisaunder in terms of exoticism from an orientalist perspective and reflecting upon the representations of the Eastern people is the primary aim of this article. Extrapolating information based on the representations within the romance, it becomes clear to see the West is using exoticism to other the East and the Easterners while trying to create a sense of self. The examples that the romance provides are abundant in presenting the approach of the West towards the East and they provide insight into the early stages of orientalism in the contemporary sense of the concept. This article centres on why and how these exotic representations can be realised as orientalist.

Battling for hearts and minds: Sources of Turkish, Iranian, and Saudi soft power in the Middle East

AbstractThis article examines the sources of Turkish, Iranian, and Saudi soft power in the Middle East through the utilization of Joseph Nye's soft power concept. The study is based on three claims. The first claim argues that there exists an increasing discrepancy between espoused values and actual practices in Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia at home, which may undermine their soft power. The second claim contends that cognizant of the fact that the Palestinian cause is a major concern for most of the Middle Eastern people, all of the three states pursue an active foreign policy to alleviate the plight of the Palestinians. Finally, the last claim upholds that Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia have been benefitting, albeit to varying extents, from high culture products such as education and popular culture products such as mass entertainment and tourism to appeal to the public in the Middle East.

Fostering inclusivity: The impact of cosmopolitan orientation and European attachment on attitudes toward non-Western immigrants

This paper examines the impact of different types of national and European identity—glorification and attachment—on attitudes toward diverse outgroups, centering on the role of cosmopolitan orientation as a mediator. In Study 1 (N = 342), both national and European attachments positively correlated with cosmopolitan orientation, subsequently influencing attitudes toward non-Western international students. Notably, national and European glorification also significantly impacted attitudes but in a negative manner, with their effects mediated through cosmopolitan orientation. The results of Study 2 (N = 346) were more nuanced: European attachment positively correlated with cosmopolitan orientation, which in turn had a positive indirect effect on attitudes toward Middle Eastern and Asian people living in Hungary. However, it was only national glorification, not national attachment, that exhibited a significant negative indirect effect through cosmopolitan orientation on these attitudes. These findings illuminate the multifaceted ways in which distinct forms of identity, filtered through the lens of cosmopolitan orientation, shape attitudes toward outgroups. They underscore the potential of cosmopolitan orientation in promoting inclusivity and suggest avenues for future research to further understand and enhance intergroup relations.

Prosedur Permohonan Bantuan Dana Hibah untuk Pembangunan Tempat Peribadatan di Atas 200 Juta di Biro Kesejahteraan Rakyat Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jawa Timur

The People's Welfare Bureau was formed with the aim of carrying out activities held by the Pusa Government in the form of grant assistance to educational institutions, community groups and places of worship. The Provincial Regional Government as the provincial government administrator can provide social assistance and grants based on Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 32 of 2011 (Permendagri Number 32 of 2011) concerning Guidelines for Providing Grants and Social Assistance sourced from the APBD. The People's Welfare Bureau is a distributor of grant aid for institutions or agencies that have applied. However, in real terms, there are still several related institutions or agencies that are still having problems in their administrative processes. The research method used is a qualitative method which aims to determine the role of the Eastern People's Welfare Bureau for national development in Indonesia, especially the construction of selected places of worship and completing procedures in accordance with the existing system. By using indicators of the characteristics of providing social assistance as stated in East Java Governor Regulation No. 44 of 2021 article 30, namely: selective, meeting the requirements for aid recipients and being temporary and not continuous, unless in certain circumstances it can be sustainable, and in accordance with the intended use. The aim of this research is to explain the procedures and flow of grant application from the initial to the final stages.

Quality improvement at Eastern People Military Hospital

Quality improvement at Eastern People Military Hospital

A Decade of Tweets: Visualizing Racial Sentiments Towards Minoritized Groups in the United States Between 2011 and 2021.

Research has demonstrated the negative impact of racism on health, yet the measurement of racial sentiment remains challenging. This article provides practical guidance on using social media data for measuring public sentiment. We describe the main steps of such research, including data collection, data cleaning, binary sentiment analysis, and visualization of findings. We randomly sampled 55,844,310 publicly available tweets from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2021 using Twitter's Application Programming Interface. We restricted analyses to US tweets in English using one or more 90 race-related keywords. We used a Support Vector Machine, a supervised machine learning model, for sentiment analysis. The proportion of tweets referencing racially minoritized groups that were negative increased at the county, state, and national levels, with a 16.5% increase at the national level from 2011 to 2021. Tweets referencing Black and Middle Eastern people consistently had the highest proportion of negative sentiment compared with all other groups. Stratifying temporal trends by racial and ethnic groups revealed unique patterns reflecting historical events specific to each group, such as the killing of George Floyd regarding sentiment of posts referencing Black people, discussions of the border crisis near the 2018 midterm elections and anti-Latinx sentiment, and the emergence of COVID-19 and anti-Asian sentiment. This study demonstrates the utility of social media data as a quantitative means to measure racial sentiment over time and place. This approach can be extended to a range of public health topics to investigate how changes in social and cultural norms impact behaviors and policy.A supplemental digital video is available at http://links.lww.com/EDE/C91.

The first Sovereign of Achaemenids, Cyrus, and “Life of Kartli’s” Nimrod

As a result of detailed analysis of sources, we came to the conclusionthat the well-known fighting in the ancient world betweenCyrus, the first ruler of Achaemenid Persia and the Scythian tribes ofMassagatae – which resulted with the death of the former - took placein North Adarbadagan, somewhere between the Svani and Urmialakes and not in Middle Asia, in the vicinity of River Amu Darya as itwas universally accepted in Historiography. The murder of Cyrus wasamong the most uncommon phenomena for the ancient world.Thedeep resonance that it brought about among middle eastern people,was therefore only natural. Hence, the event was disseminated amongthe people in many different versions as early as in the epoch ofHerodotus. A version of the fight in question is preserved in GeorgianChronicles in the form of a fight between the Thargoids with theNimrod, and aslo in the Old Armenian Historiography in the form ofa fight with Thargoids’ (Hyrcanians) Bell.

Humanity in the Poems of Khushal Khan

Humanism is a progressive trend in the thinking of mankind, which opposes oppression, racism, hatred, religious restrictions, and narrow views in expressing more love for the human being, and in choosing a happy life, the human being is based on this moral principle. It depends on human origin. Man is a member of human society, Aristotle called him a social animal, Gerstein called him a thinking animal, Socrates called him a self-aware animal, and Karl Marx called him a set of social conditions. Khushal Khan Khattak does not recognize humans on the basis of religion, color, smell, or nationality, nor does he give preference to them on this occasion. Rather, the humanist Khushal says that the best people in human society are those whose heartache is directed toward humanity. In the history of Pashto literature, Khushal Khan Khattak's multi-faceted and comprehensive personality is very worthy of consideration. He had exceptional effects, despite the fact that he lived before us in time and history, but his message is very important not only to the Eastern and Asian people but also to the current Western and European people.

Boko Haram Insurgency and Socio-Economic Crisis in Borno State Nigeria

<p>So much has been written about the formation and activities of the Boko Haram insurgency since its advent in 2002 as religious fundamentalism. The Islamic sect is a group of "People Committed to the propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad" opposing western education. Their operations have degenerated into armed conflict, insurgency and terrorism, causing untold devastation and economic loss to some states of the federation. However, their significance in the socio-economic crisis of Borno State has not been adequately reported. This is the lacuna filled by this paper. The study adopted both primary and secondary sources of research instruments. The study discovered that Boko Haram insurgency has crippled markets, business activities and blocked the trade routes in Borno State. About 10,000 Eastern and South western business people fled the state; international business entrepreneurs from Chad, Cameroon and Niger returned to their countries; these affected the State's economic revenue in an unimaginable way, with negative implications on the sustainable development agenda of the United Nations. The Study recommends, among other things, adequate security measures, provision of social support system and care, provision of jobs and social amenities, development of infrastructures, reconciliation among local communities, reduction of poverty, a proactive step by the Federal government on supply of adequate funding, weapons and well-equipped military personnel to put an end to the insurgency in North Eastern Nigeria.</p>

CITRA DAN KEPRIBADIAN MANUSIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI ISLAM

This paper aims to examine the image and personality of human beings in the perspective of Western psychology and Islamic psychology. The writing method used is a qualitative method (qualitative research). As for the process of analyzing the data, the author uses the descriptive-analytical analysis method. This paper proves that the study of human image in the review of Western psychology and Islamic psychology has similarities. Similarly, in the humanistic school of psychology the image of the human being is seen as a good being and has unlimited potential (homo ludens). This view is consistent with the teachings of Islam as well as the Eastern people's view of man. However, in understanding human personality, Western psychology and Islamic psychology have differences. First, in the perspective of Western psychology, the study of human personality is ethically neutral, that is, it only displays the personality that appears as it is.In the perspective of Islamic psychology, the study of human personality is ethically laden, that is, it displays the personality that should be. Second, in the perspective of Western psychology, the study of personality only looks at the empirical (environmental) aspect, without looking at the mental (spiritual) aspects behind the human personality.In the perspective of Islamic psychology, the study of personality not only looks at the empirical (environmental) aspects, but also looks at the mental (spiritual) aspects that underlie the human personality. Third, in the perspective of Western psychology the study of personality is anthropocentrically oriented, which means that the human personality is influenced by human potential alone, and negates the existence of interference or will from God Almighty. Meanwhile, the study of human personality in the perspective of Islamic psychology is anthropo-religiouscentric oriented, which means that human personality is not only influenced by human potential, but also there is interference or will from God Almighty.

Strengthening the cultural contacts of the North-Eastern Caucasus with eastern Muslim countries during VII-XV centuries

The process of Islamization of the North-Eastern Caucasus in the VII-XV centuries consequently meant the influence of the culture of near eastern people on Dagestan. It also meant the strengthening of the Arabic language and Arabic-Muslim culture. That process determined the way of cultural development of Northern Caucasus for centuries. Through the Muslim educational system introduced in South Dagestan, which functioned successfully in the VIII-XIV centuries not only in this region, but also in neighboring regions, a new social stratum, the Muslim clerical elite, was formed from the 10th century. From the second half of the 10th century, the number of local scholars who left a significant mark on Muslim culture was increasing. X-XV centuries are significant in the history of Dagestan as very important historical-cultural changes took part in that period. The relationship among the central and peripheral regions of the Arabic-Muslim world which lasted for centuries, later (XVIII-XIX cc) become a powerful factor in the development and prosperity of the original Arabic literature.

The influence of different cultures on international business negotiations & Strategies

International business negotiation is an indispensable part of cross-border and foreign trade. Strategy, psychology, and social context are three important factors in international business negotiation. The strategy includes the preparatory work before the negotiation; the psychological element includes how to understand the mental activities of the other party; the social context also includes the negotiator's country and cultural background. This paper focuses on the analysis of these three elements. It covers the different negotiating priorities and habits of Eastern and Western people or negotiating teams due to cultural differences and includes strategies and countermeasures when facing economic situations. Two strategies are also provided: distributive strategy and comprehensive strategy. Those two refer to people who use both of them in the negotiation, but with different intentions and behaviors. Brett's Model provides a good connection between cultural differences and negotiation priorities for a more in-depth analysis of negotiations throughout the text. From the perspective of limitations, international business negotiations will always be affected by inherent factors, such as cultural differences, different ways of thinking, etc. From a future perspective, this area deserves further research to break the existing inherent problems.

Shared Status, Shared Politics? Evaluating a New Pathway to Black Solidarity with Other People of Color

Research suggests that solidarity between people of color (PoC) is triggered when a marginalized ingroup believes they are discriminated similarly to another outgroup. This evidence has primarily focused on Asian Americans, Latinos, and Middle Eastern people, who are systematically discriminated against as foreigners. Yet evidence remains absent on Black people, who are systematically discriminated against as inferior, but not as foreign. Using a pair of pre-registered experiments with Black and Latino adults (N = 2060), we manipulated a shared sense of discrimination as inferior (“second class citizenship”). This treatment measurably increased Black solidarity with PoC, which then significantly boosted their support for pro-Latino policies (e.g., less Border Patrol agents along US-Mexico border). This pattern was reciprocated by Latinos, whose heightened solidarity with PoC increased their support for pro-Black initiatives (e.g., endorsing #BlackLivesMatter). Sensitivity analyses further establish this pathway’s viability. We discuss the implications for more effective coalition-building among racially minoritized groups in US politics.

Научные взгляды Р.О. Якобсона в парадигме текстолингвистики

The semiotic concept of R.O. Jacobson has been studied, the ideas of which are associated with structuralism as a method of cognition, semiotics as the science of sign systems and poetics as the general semiotics of the text. We analyzed the main components of the R.O. Jacobson concept, which based on the linguocultural aspect of textual criticism. His complex and dialogical view of semiotics and the unique features of his research paradigm are summarized. When considering the category “complexity”, attention is drawn to the modeling of the “meaning – text” model in the aspect of bringing the science of language closer to the sciences of the anthropocentric cycle. Consideration of the similarity and contiguity of metaphor and metonymy allowed R.O. Jacobson should consider that any metonymy is endowed with a slight metaphorical shadow, and any metaphor has a metonymic coloring, and highlight a formal method of research, which represents the merging and transformation of two different processes of thinking – humanistic and scientific. The scientist considered linguistic consciousness to be in some way derivative of ethnocultural consciousness. since it clearly reflects the ideas of Eastern and Western people about the world within a separate national-cultural tradition, building its own scientific view, defining the features of the organization of discourse. The category of “dialogicity,” which manifests itself in the process of an individual’s speech-mental activity, realizes the dialectical unity of language and thinking, and therefore, bearing in mind the thought processes occurring in the human mind, it is more correct to speak of dialogicity as a text-generating speech-thinking process.

“MING BIR KECHA” - SHARQ XALQLARI IJODINING AJOYIB DURDONASI

“MING BIR KECHA” - SHARQ XALQLARI IJODINING AJOYIB DURDONASI

Exploration of poverty and social exclusion of Slovak population via contrast analysis associated with logit models.

The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of socio-economic and socio-demographic factors on the risk of poverty or social exclusion. The paper focuses on the analysis of the probability of social exclusion of the Slovak population from 4 perspectives, from being at risk of poverty or social exclusion, at risk of poverty, severely materially deprived, and living in a (quasi-)jobless household. The least-square means analysis and contrast analysis linked to logit models were used to identify risk groups, and to estimate the social exclusion probabilities. Based on the EU-SILC 2020 database, unemployed persons with low education and persons from single-parent and multi-child households had the greatest risk of social exclusion in Slovakia. Under ceteris paribus conditions, the risk decreased with increasing age and improving health status. The riskiest marital status was divorced. Analyses revealed regional disparities from the point of view of all 4 perspectives, with people living in South-Center and Eastern Slovakia and people living in sparsely and moderately populated areas having the greatest risk. Since economic activity status, household type, and educational attainment level showed as the most relevant factors, the article pays special attention to the assessment of the mutual influence of these factors. Although the pattern of the risk of social exclusion of persons broken down by household type and education for the unemployed and employed is similar, the riskiness of the most vulnerable groups of people is more pronounced for employed persons.

Attributing the Impacts of Vegetation and Climate Changes on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Terrestrial Water Storage over the Tibetan Plateau

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) is of great importance to the global water and energy budget, which modulates the hydrological cycle and then determines the spatiotemporal distributions of water resources availability. The Tibetan Plateau is the birthplace of the Yangtze, Yellow, and Lancang–Mekong River, where the water resources are directly related to the life of the Eastern and Southeastern Asian people. Based on multi-source datasets during the period 1981–2015, the long-term spatiotemporal variabilities of the TWS over the Tibetan Plateau were investigated by the Sen’s slope and Mann–Kendall test trend analysis methods; the changing mechanisms were explored from two perspectives of components analysis and the hydrological cycle. The water conservation capacity of vegetation in the alpine mountainous areas was also discussed by geostatistical methods such as correlation analysis, extracted by attributes and zonal statistics. The results show that the TWS of the Tibetan Plateau increased with the speed of 0.7 mm/yr as the precipitation accumulated and the glaciers melted during the period 1981–2015. The TWS values were low and generally present a trend of obvious accumulation over the northern Tibetan Plateau, while the high and decreasing values were distributed in the south of Tibetan Plateau. The results of the components analysis indicate that the TWS mainly consisted of soil moisture at one-fourth layers, which are 0–200 cm underground in most areas of the Tibetan Plateau. The precipitation is mainly lost through evapotranspiration over the northern Tibetan Plateau, while in the northwestern corner of the Tibetan Plateau, the Himalayas, and northeastern Yarlung Zangbo River basin, the runoff coefficients were larger than 1.0 due to the influence of snow melting. In the alpine mountains, different climate and vegetation conditions have complex effects on water resources. The results are helpful for understanding the changing mechanism of water storage over the Tibetan Plateau and have scientific meaning for the development, utilization, and protection of regional water resources.

Последние сражения Гражданской войны в Дальневосточной республике (по воспоминаниям И.А. Маханова)

Introduction. The published material contains a fragment of the memoirs of I.A. Makhanov, an employee of the artillery department of the People’s Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic. The text of the memoirs is kept in a manuscript in a single copy in the personal archive of the author’s son and has not been published yet. The publication has been prepared on the base of modern methods of source study and archeography. Archaeographic notes are provided in footnotes. In the comments to the text, reference data on geographical names, personalities, events mentioned in the memoirs are given. Analysis. As a participant in the Civil War in the Far East, I.A. Makhanov made interesting descriptions of the battles at the In and Olgokhta stations – the final battles of the People’s Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic against the last military formations of the White Army. Memoirs of I.A. Makhanov are an important and informative source on the history of the final stage of the Civil War in Russia. Results. The scientific publication of memoirs gives opportunity to introduce significant clarifications in the prevailing ideas about the end of the Civil War and the establishment of Soviet power in the Far East. Key words: The Civil War in Russia, the Far Eastern People’s Republic, the artillery department of the People’s Army, the end of the Civil War, memoirs of I.A. Makhanov.

Portrayal of Orientalism and Occidentalism in the novel "A Passage to India" by, E. M. Forster Post-Colonialism Approach

This research was conducted to analyze the influence of orientalism and occidentalism on the lives of western and eastern people in the novel "a passage to india" by e. M. Forster using a post-colonial approach and the theory of edward said, namely Orientalism and Occidentalism. According to Said, Orientalism is the study of Eastern world in the perspective or Western people and Occidentalism is the study of Western world in the perspective of Eastern people. This study used qualitative methods to analyze the potrayal and influence of the two theories in their respective social lives. Based on the analysis that has been done in the novel “A Passage to India”, Western people in India still monopolize the government and look down on Indian. Although there are some characters who have welcomed and treated Indians well but their initial interest in coming to India was to rule India.

Riding East—Western Myths, Nostalgia, and the Crossing of Generic Boundaries in Hidalgo (2004)

<i>Riding East</i>—Western Myths, Nostalgia, and the Crossing of Generic Boundaries in <i>Hidalgo</i> (2004)