Eastern Hemisphere Research Articles

Statistical Behavior of the Longitudinal Variations of the Evening Topside Mid‐Latitude Trough Position in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres

AbstractBased on the nighttime ionosphere ion density data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites in 1996–2016, we statistically analyzed the longitudinal variation of the mid‐latitude trough position in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The results show significant difference in the longitudinal variation of the trough position between the Northern and Southern hemispheres. In the Northern hemisphere, the trough position in the two longitudinal sectors of 60°W and 120°E is always located at higher latitudes than that in the other longitudinal sectors under most of time and solar and geomagnetic conditions. The longitudinal variation of trough position in the Northern hemisphere is mainly affected by season, solar activity level, and geomagnetic activity level. In the Southern hemisphere, the trough position in the western hemisphere is located at lower latitude than that in the eastern hemisphere in winter and at low solar activity level in equinox. At medium and high solar activity levels in equinox, the southern trough structure in the western hemisphere can't be identified, which also occurs in summer. The change in geomagnetic activity would cause the same movement of trough position in the Southern hemisphere in all longitude sectors at low solar activity level. Thus, the longitudinal variation of trough position in the Southern hemisphere is mainly affected by season and solar activity level. The longitudinal variation of the trough position may be associated with the longitudinal variation of the ion density at the equatorward/poleward side of the trough in the Northern and Southern hemispheres.

Detection of small scale heterogeneities at the Inner Core Boundary

The hemispherical pattern of seismic velocities in the uppermost inner core has been described at the global scale in many studies. In this paper, we investigate shorter scale heterogeneities in the vicinity of the Inner Core Boundary (ICB) using differential travel time and amplitude measurements between the pair of core phases PKP(DF) and PKiKP. Seismic events occurring close to Sumatra and recorded at USArray stations in the distance range 132–142° are used to investigate the velocity and attenuation structure at the ICB and in the uppermost 100 km of the inner core beneath Eastern Russia.In this distance range, PKP(DF) and PKiKP are difficult to separate due to their proximity in travel time. We present a new method based on the envelope of the seismic signal to identify them, following which we measure differential travel time residuals and amplitude ratios by comparison with synthetics computed using the Direct Solution Method, which allows us to take into account the correct phase shift of the PKiKP. We found that, in our region of study, the compressional velocity is slower in the uppermost inner core than the AK135 model. However, the sampled region is located in the Eastern hemisphere generally considered as faster and more attenuating than the AK135 model. This suggests significant regional departures from the simple hemispherical pattern reported in the literature.We also deduce from the amplitude ratios that the attenuation is stronger than the global average at the top of the inner core in this region, as expected from its location in the eastern hemisphere. Our results confirm the presence of a low attenuation zone at the top of the inner core, followed by a highly attenuating layer centered around 35 km depth in the inner core, as found in the eastern hemisphere in previous studies. This zone is however thinner (15 km) and more attenuating, Qα reaching values less than 50.

Intersectionality in Transnational Education Policy Research

This review assesses intersectionality as a theoretical and methodological approach to transnational education policy research. In particular, we are concerned with how the concept is translated and interpreted to interrogate globally circulating education policies and how that transformation might inform the concept within Western and Northern contexts. We acknowledge intersectionality’s origins in U.S. Black feminist scholarship, but anticipate transformations as it travels to “Other” contexts and is translated to theorize systemic inequality in particular albeit interconnected spaces. Examining Eastern and Southern Hemisphere English-language, Chinese-language, and Spanish-language peer-reviewed publications, we ask how intersectionality translates to languages other than English and to Eastern and Southern contexts, and what analytic insights are gained from intersectionality’s travel and translation that may contribute to its reconceptualization in Northern and Western contexts. Intersectionality coupled with transnationalism provides theoretical and methodological might toward understanding complex systems of inequality through/in which education policy travels, critiquing how inequality continues to flourish within nation-states and global-level hierarchies and privileging non-Western/Southern struggles for equity.

Analysis of strain distribution, migratory potential, and invasion history of fall armyworm populations in northern Sub-Saharan Africa

Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) is a noctuid moth pest endemic throughout the Western Hemisphere that has recently become widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. There is a strong expectation of significant damage to African maize crop yield and a high likelihood of further dispersal, putting the rest of the Eastern Hemisphere at risk. Specimens from multiple locations in six countries spanning the northern portion of the infested region were analyzed for genetic markers. The similarity of haplotypes between the African collections was consistent with a common origin, but significant differences in the relative frequency of the haplotypes indicated limitations in migration. The mitochondrial marker frequently used to identify two host strains appears to be compromised, making uncertain previous reports that both strains are present in Africa. This more extensive study confirmed initial indications based on Togo populations that Florida and the Greater Antilles are the likely source of at least a subset of the African infestation and further suggest an entry point in western Africa. The origin of a second subgroup is less clear as it was rarely found in the collections and has a haplotype that has not yet been observed in the Western Hemisphere.

The Sidebands of the Equatorial Electrojet: General Characteristic of the Westward Currents, as Deduced From CHAMP

AbstractBased on 5 years (2001–2005) of magnetic field measurements made by the CHAMP satellite, latitudinal profiles of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) have been derived. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the reverse current EEJ sidebands. These westward currents peak at ±5° quasi‐dipole latitude with typical amplitudes of 35% of the main EEJ. The diurnal amplitude variation is quite comparable with that of the EEJ. Similarly to the EEJ, the intensity is increasing with solar EUV flux, but with a steeper slope, indicating that not only the conductivity plays a role. For the longitude distribution we find, in general, larger amplitudes in the Western than in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is presently a common understanding that the reverse current EEJ sidebands are generated by eastward zonal winds at altitudes above about 120 km. In particular, a positive vertical gradient of wind speed generates westward currents at magnetic latitudes outside of 2° dip latitude. Interesting information about these features can be deduced from the sidebands' tidal characteristics. The longitudinal variation of the amplitude is dominated by a wave‐1 pattern, which can primarily be attributed to the tidal components SPW1 and SW3. In case of the hemispheric amplitude differences these same two wave‐1 components dominate. The ratio between sideband amplitude and main EEJ is largely controlled by the tidal features of the EEJ. The longitudinal patterns of the latitude, where the sidebands peak, resemble to some extent those of the amplitude. Current densities become larger when the peaks move closer to the magnetic equator.

The Density Jump at the Inner Core Boundary in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

The results of analysis of more than 1300 new PKiKP/PcP amplitude ratios measured in Southeast Asia and South America at the epicentral distances of 3.2°–35.2° are presented. The density jump in the Eastern Hemisphere of the Earth’s inner core (IC) is 0.3 g/cm3, and it is 0.9 g/cm3 in the Western one. Taking the large discrepancy in the obtained estimates into consideration, maintenance of such large lateral variations in the mosaic properties of the IC reflecting surface requires considerable variations in the thermodynamic parameters (mostly temperature) of the inner–outer core transition. However, if the observed asymmetry in the density jump distribution is of a global character, the data presented support the translation model of the IC dynamics. This model implies IC crystallization in the Western Hemisphere and melting in the Eastern one, not vice versa, as suggested by another geodynamic model based on thermochemical convection in the outer core and the thermal balance of the core–mantle system.

Detection of a westward hotspot offset in the atmosphere of hot gas giant CoRoT-2b

Short-period planets exhibit day-night temperature contrasts of hundreds to thousands of degrees K. They also exhibit eastward hotspot offsets whereby the hottest region on the planet is east of the substellar point; this has been widely interpreted as advection of heat due to eastward winds. We present thermal phase observations of the hot Jupiter CoRoT-2b obtained with the IRAC instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope. These measurements show the most robust detection to date of a westward hotspot offset of 23 $\pm$ 4 degrees, in contrast with the nine other planets with equivalent measurements. The peculiar infrared flux map of CoRoT-2b may result from westward winds due to non-synchronous rotation magnetic effects, or partial cloud coverage, that obscures the emergent flux from the planet's eastern hemisphere. Non-synchronous rotation and magnetic effects may also explain the planet's anomalously large radius. On the other hand, partial cloud coverage could explain the featureless dayside emission spectrum of the planet. If CoRoT-2b is not tidally locked, then it means that our understanding of star-planet tidal interaction is incomplete. If the westward offset is due to magnetic effects, our result represents an opportunity to study an exoplanet's magnetic field. If it has Eastern clouds, then it means that our understanding of large-scale circulation on tidally locked planets is incomplete.

Identification and Management of the Hypervirulent Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae Syndrome: A Unique and Distinct Clinical Entity.

In this article, we describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with altered mental status and was found to have Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis, bacteremia, and hepatic abscess. Despite intravenous antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage of the hepatic abscess, the patient developed worsening meningitis with ventriculitis, which led to her death. This invasive Klebsiella syndrome is characterized by metastatic infections with a hypervirulent strain and a poor clinical prognosis. Important elements of this patient’s case—including the widespread and highly aggressive course—and of those reported in the literature are reviewed. Although the invasive Klebsiella syndrome is an increasingly recognized clinical entity, most often in the Eastern hemisphere, it remains rare in the United States with approximately 20 cases reported in the literature, and given its high morbidity, it is vitally important for clinicians to recognize.

A New Genus of Eastern Hemisphere Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with a Key to the Supraspecific Groups of Indomalayan and Australasian Meliponini

A new genus of stingless bees (Apinae: Meliponini) is described and figured from Indonesia (Sulawesi), known from a single species previously placed in Geniotrigona Moure. Based on recent phylogenetic studies, Trigona (Geniotrigona) incisa Sakagami and Inoue renders Geniotrigona polyphyletic and is more closely related to Lepidotrigona Moure. The species is transferred to Wallacetrigona Engel and Rasmussen, new genus, and differentiated from Geniotrigona proper as well as all other meliponines occurring in Sundaland, Wallacea, and Sahul (Australinea). The new genus occurs east of the Wallace Line and separate from the distribution of Geniotrigona, which is otherwise restricted to Sundaland, but Wallacetrigona is presently not known beyond the Weber Line. A hierarchical classification of Indomalayan and Australasian stingless bees is tabulated and a revised key to the genera and subgenera provided, as well as an appendix tabulating the species and synonyms. The following new combinations are established: Wallacetrigona incisa (Sakagami and Inoue), Homotrigona (Lophotrigona) canifrons (Smith), Homotrigona (Odontotrigona) haematoptera (Cockerell), Homotrigona (Tetrigona) apicalis (Smith), H. (T.) binghami (Schwarz), H. (T.) melanoleuca (Cockerell), H. (T.) peninsularis (Cockerell), and H. (T.) vidua (Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau).

Shape preferred orientation of iron grains compatible with Earth's uppermost inner core hemisphericity

Constraining the possible patterns of iron fabrics in the Earth's Uppermost Inner Core (UIC) is key to unravel the mechanisms controlling its growth and dynamics. In the framework of crystalline micro-structures composed of ellipsoidal, aligned grains, we discuss possible textural models of UIC compatible with observations of P-wave attenuation and velocity dispersion. Using recent results from multiple scattering theory in textured heterogeneous materials, we compute the P-wave phase velocity and scattering attenuation as a function of grain volume, shape, and orientation wrt to the propagation direction of seismic P-waves. Assuming no variations of the grain volume between the Eastern and Western hemisphere, we show that two families of texture are compatible with the degree-one structure of the inner core as revealed by the positive correlation between seismic velocity and attenuation. (1) Strong flattening of grains parallel to the Inner Core Boundary in the Western hemisphere and weak anisometry in the Eastern hemisphere. (2) Strong radial elongation of grains in the Western hemisphere and again weak anisometry in the Eastern hemisphere. Both textures can quantitatively explain the seismic data in a limited range of grain volumes. Furthermore, the velocity and attenuation anisotropy locally observed under Africa demands that the grains be locally elongated in the direction of Earth's meridians. Our study demonstrates that the hemispherical seismic structure of UIC can be entirely explained by changes in the shape and orientation of grains, thereby offering an alternative to changes in grain volumes. In the future, our theoretical toolbox could be used to systematically test the compatibility of textures predicted by geodynamical models with seismic observations.

Resection outcomes and recurrence rates of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and hybrid ESD for colorectal tumors in a single Italian center.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and hybrid-ESD techniques are treatment modalities for colorectal neoplasia, although mostly used in the Eastern hemisphere. Only few data on ESD for colorectal neoplasia have been published in the West. We report the outcomes of colorectal ESD and hybrid ESD in a single Italian center. We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of all ESD and hybrid-ESD procedures for colorectal neoplasia performed over the first 2-year experience from a prospectively recorded database. Neuroendocrine tumors and adenocarcinoma with submucosal infiltration through the submucosal (SM) 2 layer or deeper were excluded. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate at the 6- to 12-month follow-up. Fifty-two patients were included in the study, of which 23 underwent ESD and 29 hybrid ESD. The mean lesion sizes for ESD and hybrid ESD were similar (25.8 vs. 25.4mm, p = 0.940), while median procedure length was significantly longer for ESD (120 vs. 60min, p < 0.001). ESD and hybrid ESD yielded similar en-bloc resection rate (82.6 vs. 82.8%) and R0 resection rate (34.8 vs. 31%). ESD had a lower neoplasia recurrence rate than hybrid ESD (11.7 vs. 20%) and a lower bleeding rate (0 vs. 8.7%). One perforation occurred in the hybrid-ESD cohort and two perforations in the ESD cohort, of which one required surgical intervention. Non-recurrence at follow-up was associated with R0 status, en-bloc resection, and lesion size ≤ 20mm. Our outcomes are comparable with other studies in Western series. Studies addressing the cost effectiveness of ESD and comparing its long-term outcome with endoscopic mucosal resection in the West are needed.

Examining the potential for South American arboviruses to spread beyond the New World.

We explore the histories of these two recent arbovirus experiences in South America. We then review similarly three endemic South American viruses: yellow fever, Oropouche, and Mayaro viruses. We discuss the commonalities of the transmission systems and the possibility of an atypical emergence, that of New World virus to the Old World. We discuss the avenues for research that would increase preparedness and efficiency of response should a South American arbovirus emerge in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Molecular and biological characterization of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV): An Eastern Hemisphere begomovirus introduced in the Western Hemisphere

Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) is a bipartite begomovirus that causes severe diseases to cucurbits, particularly watermelon, across Eastern Mediterranean countries. Watermelon plants showing begomovirus-associated symptoms and virus vector whitefly infestation were collected from a cultivated area in Sonora, Mexico. Using rolling circle amplification (RCA) and sequencing, the full-length genome of an isolate of WmCSV was obtained. Agrobacterium-mediated virus inoculation to Solanaceae (Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato) and Cucurbitaceae (Squash, melon and watermelon) plants, fulfilled Koch's postulates confirming the disease causal agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of WmCSV associated to cucurbit diseases in the Western Hemisphere.

Dryland climate change: Recent progress and challenges

AbstractDrylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent progress in dryland climate change research. Recent findings indicate that the long‐term trend of the aridity index (AI) is mainly attributable to increased greenhouse gas emissions, while anthropogenic aerosols exert small effects but alter its attributions. Atmosphere‐land interactions determine the intensity of regional response. The largest warming during the last 100 years was observed over drylands and accounted for more than half of the continental warming. The global pattern and interdecadal variability of aridity changes are modulated by oceanic oscillations. The different phases of those oceanic oscillations induce significant changes in land‐sea and north‐south thermal contrasts, which affect the intensity of the westerlies and planetary waves and the blocking frequency, thereby altering global changes in temperature and precipitation. During 1948–2008, the drylands in the Americas became wetter due to enhanced westerlies, whereas the drylands in the Eastern Hemisphere became drier because of the weakened East Asian summer monsoon. Drylands as defined by the AI have expanded over the last 60 years and are projected to expand in the 21st century. The largest expansion of drylands has occurred in semiarid regions since the early 1960s. Dryland expansion will lead to reduced carbon sequestration and enhanced regional warming. The increasing aridity, enhanced warming, and rapidly growing population will exacerbate the risk of land degradation and desertification in the near future in developing countries.

Comparative molecular analyses of invasive fall armyworm in Togo reveal strong similarities to populations from the eastern United States and the Greater Antilles.

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J.E. Smith) is a noctuid moth that is a major and ubiquitous agricultural pest in the Western Hemisphere. Infestations have recently been identified in several locations in Africa, indicating its establishment in the Eastern Hemisphere where it poses an immediate and significant economic threat. Genetic methods were used to characterize noctuid specimens infesting multiple cornfields in the African nation of Togo that were tentatively identified as fall armyworm by morphological criteria. Species identification was confirmed by DNA barcoding and the specimens were found to be primarily of the subgroup that preferentially infests corn and sorghum in the Western Hemisphere. The mitochondrial haplotype configuration was most similar to that found in the Caribbean region and the eastern coast of the United States, identifying these populations as the likely originating source of the Togo infestations. A genetic marker linked with resistance to the Cry1Fa toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) expressed in transgenic corn and common in Puerto Rico fall armyworm populations was not found in the Togo collections. These observations demonstrate the usefulness of genetic surveys to characterize fall armyworm populations from Africa.

Phylogeography ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiIsolates, Western Hemisphere

The bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, which is mainly associated with tropical areas. We analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among genome sequences from isolates of B. pseudomallei that originated in the Western Hemisphere by comparing them with genome sequences of isolates that originated in the Eastern Hemisphere. Analysis indicated that isolates from the Western Hemisphere form a distinct clade, which supports the hypothesis that these isolates were derived from a constricted seeding event from Africa. Subclades have been resolved that are associated with specific regions within the Western Hemisphere and suggest that isolates might be correlated geographically with cases of melioidosis. One isolate associated with a former World War II prisoner of war was believed to represent illness 62 years after exposure in Southeast Asia. However, analysis suggested the isolate originated in Central or South America.

Coherent tropical-subtropical Holocene see-saw moisture patterns in the Eastern Hemisphere monsoon systems

The concept of a Global Monsoon (GM) has been proposed based on modern precipitation observations, but its application over a wide range of temporal scales is still under debate. Here, we present a synthesis of 268 continental paleo-moisture records collected from monsoonal systems in the Eastern Hemisphere, including the East Asian Monsoon (EAsM), the Indian Monsoon (IM), the East African Monsoon (EAfM), and the Australian Monsoon (AuM) covering the last 18,000 years. The overall pattern of late Glacial to Holocene moisture change is consistent with those inferred from ice cores and marine records. With respect to the last 10,000 years (10 ka), i.e. a period that has high spatial coverage, a Fuzzy c-Means clustering analysis of the moisture index records together with “Xie-Beni” index reveals four clusters of our data set. The paleoclimatic meaning of each cluster is interpreted considering the temporal evolution and spatial distribution patterns. The major trend in the tropical AuM, EAfM, and IM regions is a gradual decrease in moisture conditions since the early Holocene. Moisture changes in the EAsM regions show maximum index values between 8 and 6 ka. However, records located in nearby subtropical areas, i.e. in regions not influenced by the intertropical convergence zone, show an opposite trend compared to the tropical monsoon regions (AuM, EAfM and IM), i.e. a gradual increase. Analyses of modern meteorological data reveal the same spatial patterns as in the paleoclimate records such that, in times of overall monsoon strengthening, lower precipitation rates are observed in the nearby subtropical areas. We explain this pattern as the effect of a strong monsoon circulation suppressing air uplift in nearby subtropical areas, and hence hindering precipitation. By analogy to the modern system, this would mean that during the early Holocene strong monsoon period, the intensified ascending airflows within the monsoon domains led to relatively weaker ascending or even descending airflows in the adjacent subtropical regions, resulting in a precipitation deficit compared to the late Holocene. Our conceptual model therefore integrates regionally contrasting moisture changes into the Global Monsoon hypothesis.

Hematologic RIs for healthy water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in southern Mexico.

Baseline hematologic data are used by veterinarians and wildlife biologists to perform health assessments on target animal species. Hematologic measurements are influenced by various factors including geography. Baseline hematologic RIs have been established for domestic water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from various countries in the Eastern Hemisphere, but these data are not readily available for the Western Hemisphere. The aim of this study was to determine hematologic values for domestic water buffaloes from several commercial farms in southern Mexico. Blood was collected from 126 healthy, postlactating females (3 to 10 years old) from the Murrah breed, and 10 hematologic variables were measured. Means, SDs, RIs, medians (MED), median absolute deviations (MAD), and other statistics were calculated for each hematologic variable. The MED (and MAD) for each variable are as follows: RBC count, 7.6 (1.1) × 1012 /L; hemoglobin, 116.0 (13.3) g/L; PCV, 41.5 (7.6) %; MCV, 56.8 (7.0) fL; MCH, 14.6 (1.6) pg; MCHC, 250.0 (35.6) g/L; RDW (SD), 29.7 (5.5) fL; RDW (CV), 18.2 (1.4) %; reticulocytes, 0.0 (0.0) %, and WBC count, 12.4 (1.3) × 109 /L. These values were compared to those previously reported for water buffaloes from several countries in the Eastern Hemisphere and, on most occasions, they differed significantly. Our data can be used by veterinarians and other personnel involved in buffalo production in Mexico during medical evaluations.

Investigation on M-class Flare-Associated Coronal Mass Ejections with and Without DH Type II Radio Bursts

A statistical analysis of 135 out of 141 X-class flares observed during 1997 – 2012 with and without deca-hectometric (DH) type II radio bursts has been performed. It was found that 79 events (X-class flares and coronal mass ejections – Group I) were associated with DH type II radio bursts and 62 X-class flare events were not. Out of these 62 events without DH type IIs, 56 events (Group II) have location information, and they were selected for this study. Of these 56 events, only 32 were associated with CMEs. Most of the DH-associated X-class events (\({\sim}\,79~\%\)) were halo CMEs, in contrast to 14 % in Group II. The average CME speed of the X-class flares associated with DH type IIs is 1555 km s−1, which is nearly twice that of the X-class flare-associated CMEs without DH event (744 km s−1). The X-class flares associated with DH radio bursts have a mean flare intensity (\(3.63 \times 10^{-4}~\mbox{W}\,\mbox{m}^{-2}\)) that is 38 % greater than that of X-class flares without DH radio bursts (\(2.23 \times 10^{-4}~\mbox{W}\,\mbox{m}^{-2}\)). In addition to the greater intensity, it is also found that the the duration and rise time of flares associated with DH radio emission (DH flares) is more than twice than that of the flares without DH radio emission. When the events were further divided into two categories with respect to their source locations in eastern and western regions, 65 % of the events in the radio-loud category (with DH radio bursts) are from the western hemisphere and the remaining 35 % are from the eastern hemisphere. On the other hand, in the radio-quiet category (without DH radio bursts), nearly 60 % of the events are from the eastern hemisphere in contrast to those of the radio-loud category. It is found that 81 % of the events from eastern regions have flare durations > 30 min in the DH-flare category, in contrast to a nearly equal number from the western side for flare durations longer/shorter than 30 min. Similarly, the eastern events in the DH-flare category have a longer average rise-time of 34 min, while the western events have an average flare rise-time of 26 min. On the other hand, the CME speed and flare strength are found to be nearly equal among east and west side events, except that both these parameters are greater for events with DH type IIs.

Dynamic mineral clouds on HD 189733b

Context. As the 3D spatial properties of exoplanet atmospheres are being observed in increasing detail by current and new generations of telescopes, the modelling of the 3D scattering effects of cloud forming atmospheres with inhomogeneous opacity structures becomes increasingly important to interpret observational data. Aims. We model the scattering and emission properties of a simulated cloud forming, inhomogeneous opacity, hot Jupiter atmosphere of HD 189733b. We compare our results to available Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer data and quantify the effects of 3D multiple scattering on observable properties of the atmosphere. We discuss potential observational properties of HD 189733b for the upcoming Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) missions. Methods. We developed a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code and applied it to post-process output of our 3D radiative-hydrodynamic, cloud formation simulation of HD 189733b. We employed three variance reduction techniques, i.e. next event estimation, survival biasing, and composite emission biasing, to improve signal to noise of the output. For cloud particle scattering events, we constructed a log-normal area distribution from the 3D cloud formation radiative-hydrodynamic results, which is stochastically sampled in order to model the Rayleigh and Mie scattering behaviour of a mixture of grain sizes. Results. Stellar photon packets incident on the eastern dayside hemisphere show predominantly Rayleigh, single-scattering behaviour, while multiple scattering occurs on the western hemisphere. Combined scattered and thermal emitted light predictions are consistent with published HST and Spitzer secondary transit observations. Our model predictions are also consistent with geometric albedo constraints from optical wavelength ground-based polarimetry and HST B band measurements. We predict an apparent geometric albedo for HD 189733b of 0.205 and 0.229, in the TESS and CHEOPS photometric bands respectively. Conclusions. Modelling the 3D geometric scattering effects of clouds on observables of exoplanet atmospheres provides an important contribution to the attempt to determine the cloud properties of these objects. Comparisons between TESS and CHEOPS photometry may provide qualitative information on the cloud properties of nearby hot Jupiter exoplanets.