Eastern European Region Research Articles

Oral health's role in diabetes risk: a cross-sectional study with sociodemographic and lifestyle insights.

Diabetes, a key chronic non-communicable disease, poses a substantial public health burden. The role of oral health as a determinant in the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, particularly in the Central Eastern European region, remains underexplored. This research aims to examine the impact of specific oral health parameters, including gum bleeding, active dental caries, tooth mobility, and tooth loss, on diabetes prevalence. Additionally, it seeks to clarify the moderating effects of socio-demographic and lifestyle variables on this relationship. Data were extracted from the 2014 and 2019 datasets of the Hungarian European Health Interview Survey, comprising a combined nationally representative sample of 11,429 participants. Descriptive statistics were presented as weighted proportions and unweighted counts, and weighted Pearson's chi-squared tests were employed for assessing associations and goodness-of-fit. Significant predictors were integrated into weighted multiple logistic regression models for analysis. Sensitivity analysis was then conducted to confirm the robustness of the findings. The study identified 'Bad' self-perceived oral health as a diabetes risk (OR=1.35; 95% CI: [1.04-1.75]), with filled teeth being protective (0.65 [0.51-0.84]). Subgroup analysis revealed higher diabetes odds among individuals with primary education (1.41 [1.02-1.96]) and rural residents with tooth loss from decay (3.54 [1.36-9.19]). The bootstrap analysis with 1,000 iterations reaffirmed the model's stability and predictive accuracy for diabetes. Enhanced oral health is associated with lower risk factors for diabetes. This research highlights the importance of including oral health measures in comprehensive diabetes management approaches.

Потенціал розвитку фінансового лізингу в Україні

In modern conditions, the market of financial leasing services occupies a prominent place in the economy of developed countries. Financial leasing is a kind of symbiosis of lending and renting, it has a number of sig­nificant advantages for ensuring and expan­ding the activities of business entities due to the replenishment of their investment income, a convenient source of financing, the possibility of using modern and often expensive equipment without significant costs, modernization of production and normalization of the financial and economic state of business, which invi­gorates the development of the country’s economy as a whole. In Ukraine, despite 30 years of development, financial leasing has repeatedly encountered difficulties, including the problems of the origin and formation of the leasing services market (90s), imperfect legislation, the decline during the financial crisis and post-crisis recovery, and currently – fun­ctioning in the conditions of war. The economic instability of the past years and the conditions of the present significantly affect the pace of development of the leasing industry, and therefore its recovery is currently a matter of time. The growth of the financial leasing market in conditions of a pandemic, economic recession and martial law makes it necessary to have a clear mechanism for regulating leasing acti­vities. The priority reference point is the European experience, the study of which in the framework of strengthening the innovative focus of the development of the domestic economy will make it possible to choose a relevant model of the functioning of the modern financial leasing market. The aim of the article is to determine the regulatory requirements in the field of leasing activity, the key vectors of the development of the domestic market of financial leasing services in the context of European integration. To achieve the aim, scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, graphic and generalization were applied. It was established that, despite a number of problems, the leasing market of Ukraine still has all the prospects of becoming one of the powerful markets of the Central and Eastern Europe region. In this direction, it is urgent to strengthen financial literacy among the population and business entities regarding the understanding of leasing as an innovative way of purchasing equipment and a flexible business financing tool, ensuring an increase in the level of penetration of leasing into the domestic economy, expanding the spheres of attracting external financing, developing state programs, developing vendor financing.

New Kids on the Democracy Block: Europeanisation of Interest Groups in Central and Eastern Europe

The 2004 EU enlargement and related Europeanisation processes supported the development of stagnated interest group systems in many ways, including with respect to the professionalisation of mainly voluntary-based organisations in Central and Eastern Europe. In the pre-membership period and initial years after joining the EU, national interest groups from Central and Eastern Europe chiefly relied on EU-level interest groups for important information, knowledge, and know-how concerning EU policymaking, whereas 20 years of membership has today established them as equal partners and co-decision-makers. The article elaborates on the Europeanisation of interest groups in the Central and Eastern Europe region from the start of the process of accession to the EU, with three case studies in focus: Lithuania, Poland, and Slovenia. The main research question is: In which different ways has the Europeanisation process influenced interest groups in the region? To address it, the article builds on Johansson and Jacobsson’s (2016) typology of the Europeanisation of interest groups. Six exploratory factors were examined in this regard: (a) contacts with EU policymakers and institutions, (b) interest in EU policymaking, (c) funding received from EU projects and programmes, (d) networking with EU umbrella organisations, (e) participation in open consultations, and (f) the relationship of the group with members. To study the effects of Europeanisation processes in selected countries, web survey data gathered from national interest groups as part of the Comparative Interest Groups Survey project were used. Our results show that interest groups from Central and Eastern Europe have become “European” in a range of ways. Regulatory and discursive Europeanisation is most typical for Polish interest groups, identity Europeanisation for Lithuanian interest groups, and financial and participatory Europeanisation for Lithuanian and Polish interest groups, while organisational Europeanisation has the strongest effect on interest groups in Slovenia.

“Eastern Europe” and War. Introduction to the Special Issue

The present collection of papers is a joint effort aimed at making sense of the changes that Russia’s war against Ukraine ushered into the region of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). We have invited a team of authors working on the two subregions, the Visegrád Four and the Baltic Three, to share their reflections on how the full-scale invasion has impacted the transformations in the respective countries’ regional outlook. The “kidnapping” as an overarching theme of our forum is an image that refers us to the Cold War and the history of forceful subjugation of CEE countries to foreign imperial domination as a result of aggressive wars and the spheres of influence politics in Europe. As we now clearly see, that is a part of European history that, for the moment, refuses to become history tout court.

Financing sources, green investment, and environmental performance: Cross-country evidence

This article investigates the influence of financing sources and financial constraints on green investment, based on a study conducted with a sample of Eastern European SMEs from 2018 to 2020. We constructed a green investment proxy using principal component analysis, revealing two principal pillars: pure green investment and mixed green investment. Employing two-stage least squares regression analysis (2SLS) and instrumental probit (IV Probit), our results demonstrate that internal finance positively impacts green investment. Conversely, we find that leverage and financial constraints negatively correlate with green investment and environmental performance. The findings of this study provide compelling evidence that SMEs operating in the Eastern European region face significant financial constraints, impeding their ability to adopt responsible investments aimed at reducing their considerable environmental footprints. These results hold valuable implications for both managers and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of facilitating increased access to debt and devising green financial incentives to promote environmentally responsible investments among Eastern European SMEs, particularly during periods of conflicts.

Analyzing the pro-Kremlin media on the Czech Twitter through social bot probability

ABSTRACT Robotised propaganda has become a new stage in the dissemination of manipulative content online, exploited for its low entry costs and high effectiveness. State actors, non-state actors, and politically and business-focused actors can spread ideas, share thoughts or sow half-truths and lies with the help of hundreds of automatised accounts and contribute to the manipulation of people’s minds. In a short time, robotised propaganda gained the attention of academics as well as international organisations. Especially, Russian influence operations utilising the newest advantages of technological development stand at the epicentre of research interests in the Central and Eastern European region. In our research, we aim to test the hypothesis that information from media which are presented as pro-Russian were connected to a higher percentage of accounts classified as bots. The research sample covers all the media categories in the Czech Republic, as stated by the Political Capital study ‘The Weaponization of Culture: Kremlin’s traditional agenda and the export of values to Central Europe’. For robotised accounts activity analysis, we use a script based on a tweetbotornot R package by Kearney. As the results show, pro-Russian positive media have a statistically significant higher probability for bot account activity than media expressing neutral opinions.

Spatial Analysis of Creative Industries for Urban Functional Zones: A GIS-Based Comparative Study in Eastern European Regional Centres: Cluj-Napoca (Romania) and Pécs (Hungary)

Creative industries, by their nature of innovation through creativity, add value to any territory by giving it spatial functionality, and at the same time, they favour sustainable development through the sustainability of the urban centres in which they operate. This paper develops a GIS methodology based on the implementation of a spatial analysis model that captures, in a comparative way, the spatial functionality of two different urban centres—(Cluj-Napoca (Romania) and Pécs (Hungary))—in terms of spatial extent based on the impact of the spatial distribution of creative industries. The spatial analysis model is based on the management of alpha-numeric databases representing the addresses of the creative industries, based on geolocation, for the development of spatial analyses of pedestrian accessibility. The main aim is to identify the specific areas of 15 and 5 min model cities. The comparative analysis was carried out by implementing a deterministic methodology through which the areas with certain degrees of accessibility were analysed in relation to the total analysed area, with the main aim of standardising the scale of analysis due to the difference between the two urban centres, thus facilitating the use of qualitative boning in the final comparison process. The results obtained highlight the local behaviour, at the same time making it possible to conduct a realistic deterministic comparative analysis of the two urban centres, which are also identifiable from the point of view of local territorial functionality, thereby validating the GIS model implemented in the present study.

The Heart of the World.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally. Of the 20.5 million CVD-related deaths in 2021, approximately 80% occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, NCD Countdown initiative, WHO Global Health Observatory, and WHO Global Health Expenditure database, we present the burden of CVDs, associated risk factors, their association with national health expenditures, and an index of critical policy implementation. The Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia region face the highest levels of CVD mortality globally. Although CVD mortality levels are generally lower in women than men, this is not true in almost 30% of countries in the North Africa and Middle East and Sub-Saharan regions. Raised blood pressure remains the leading global CVD risk factor, contributing to 10.8 million deaths in 2019. The regions with the highest proportion of countries achieving the maximum score for the WHF Policy Index were South Asia, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia, and the High-Income regions. The Sub-Saharan Africa region had the highest proportion of countries scoring two or less. Policymakers must assess their country's risk factor profile to craft effective strategies for CVD prevention and management. Fundamental strategies such as the implementation of National Tobacco Control Programmes, ensuring the availability of CVD medications, and establishing specialised units within health ministries to tackle non-communicable diseases should be embraced in all countries. Adequate healthcare system funding is equally vital, ensuring reasonable access to care for all communities.

From Policy to Practice: Interpreting Polish Strategic Culture Amidst the Russian Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine

This research analyses the key components of the Polish strategic culture, mainly the national historical memory of previous relations with Russia, the role of NATO in Poland’s security and defence, the country’s objective to become a leading power in the Central and Eastern European, and the concept of strategic culture can become an additional explanatory determinant of Poland’s response to the Russian full-scale aggression against Ukraine. The case study considered Poland’s immediate firm and sweeping support of Ukraine in the first year of the Russian full-scale aggression.
 This article aims to understand essential determinants in modern Polish foreign and security policy and how they played out during the Russian war against Ukraine. The paper applies the strategic culture as an example of the critical theoretical approach to explain how historically-based context and specific national identical features influence decision-making in present times. The study used a systemic review of related literature, media coverage of the latest Russian war against Ukraine developments, and deductive analysis methods.
 The central assumption is that the concept of strategic culture becomes a crucial explanatory factor in understanding policy- and decision-making processes in the field of foreign and security policy. The main conclusions of the paper are that Poland’s response and reaction to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a continuation of the long-lasting policy maintained by Poland regarding the elimination of military and hybrid threats posed by Russia, reduction of Russian influence in Europe, development of the Eastern European region and strengthening relations with its staunch ally – the US.

Renewable energy as a connecting spot between China and Central and Eastern European countries: status, directions and perspectives

BackgroundConsidering energy- and climate-related policies adopted, the European Union and the People’s Republic of China are expected to be on the same trajectory of reducing pollution, aiming for carbon neutrality in 2050 and 2060, respectively. However, although they share a common goal of more sustainable development, their targets and means often collide. The main objective of the study is to identify the main similarities and differences in approaches to energy and climate policies in the European Union and the People’s Republic of China, with special attention given to the scope, past, present, and future of Chinese investments in renewable energy projects in the countries of the Central and Eastern European region, and to reveal the prevailing factors of the (un)successful renewable energy projects in those countries eventually. The methods used are literature review and qualitative content analysis of the European Union’s and the People’s Republic of China’s energy- and climate-related policies according to the prescribed indicators (from 2005 onwards) and in-depth exploratory desk research of cooperation in renewable energy projects between the People’s Republic of China and 14 Central and Eastern European Countries (from 2014 onwards).ResultsThe study showed that despite the significant alignment of the European Union’s and the People’s Republic of China’s energy- and climate-related policies on a normative level, renewable energy cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and Central and Eastern European countries on a practical level is moderate. This state of play mainly results from political factors, such as rising levels of Sino-scepticism and the overall deterioration of the European Union–People’s Republic of China relations.ConclusionsThe study showed that political rather than economic or legal factors had a great impact on the Chinese presence in the domain of renewable energy in the countries of the Central and Eastern European region. However, the significant alignment of the European Union’s and the People’s Republic of China’s energy- and climate-related policies and dedication to common energy transition targets offer room for improving renewable energy cooperation. Overcoming political and economic divergences imposes a condition for achieving better cooperation in the renewable energy domain.

The effect of female management on company environment and consequential sustainable growth within the Central and Eastern European region

The effect of female management on company environment and consequential sustainable growth within the Central and Eastern European region

Relationship between ESG and Financial Performance of Companies in the Central and Eastern European Region

Abstract Observable climate change and an increase in the frequency of extreme climate events undoubtedly pose challenges for society and business operations. The changes being implemented in sustainability efforts are a response to these challenges. However, the question is how these measures affect companies‘ financial performance. The study aims to verify the relationship between the reporting of sustainability scores related to three aspects: environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG). It focuses on the financial performance of companies in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region in 2017–2021. The study will use panel regression and cross-sectional analysis. The results indicate a positive relationship between the disclosure of ESG activities and the financial performance of companies as measured by ROA. It was also observed that for companies operating in the financial sector, the correlation is greater, compared to companies operating in other sectors. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on the environment, society, and governance in the economy.

Study protocol of the Hungarian Longitudinal Study of Healthy Brain Aging (HuBA).

<p>Neuro&shy;cog&shy;nitive aging and the associated brain diseases impose a major social and economic burden. Therefore, substantial efforts have been put into revealing the lifestyle, the neurobiological and the genetic underpinnings of healthy neurocognitive aging. However, these studies take place almost exclusively in a limited number of highly-developed countries. Thus, it is an important open question to what extent their findings may generalize to neurocognitive aging in other, not yet investigated regions. The purpose of the Hungarian Longitudinal Study of Healthy Brain Aging (HuBA) is to collect multi-modal longitudinal data on healthy neurocognitive aging to address the data gap in this field in Central and Eastern Europe.</p>. <p>We adapted the Australian Ima&shy;ging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging study protocol to local circumstances and collected demographic, lifestyle, men&shy;tal&nbsp;and physical health, medication and medical history related information as well as re&shy;cor&shy;ded a series of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. In addition, participants were al&shy;so offered to participate in the collection of blood samples to assess circulating in&shy;flam&shy;matory biomarkers as well as a sleep study aimed at evaluating the general sleep quality based on multi-day collection of subjective sleep questionnaires and whole-night elec&shy;troencephalographic (EEG) data.</p>. <p>Baseline data collection has al&shy;ready been accomplished for more than a hundred participants and data collection in the se&shy;cond<br>session is on the way. The collected data might reveal specific local trends or could also indicate the generalizability of previous findings. Moreover, as the HuBA protocol al&shy;so offers a sleep study designed for tho&shy;rough characterization of participants&rsquo; sleep quality and related factors, our extended multi-modal dataset might provide a base for incorporating these measures into healthy and clinical aging research.&nbsp;</p>. <p>Besides its straightforward na&shy;tional benefits in terms of health ex&shy;pen&shy;di&shy;ture, we hope that this Hungarian initiative could provide results valid for the whole Cent&shy;ral and Eastern European region and could also promote aging and Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease research in these countries.</p>.

ОБСТАВИНИ УКЛАДЕННЯ ТА ПОЛОЖЕННЯ ДОГОВОРУ 568 р. ПОМІЖ ЛАНГОБАРДАМИ ТА АВАРАМИ

As of the early 550s, the diplomatic sphere of the Eastern Roman Empire on the Danube Limes was in a state of relative consolidation. In many ways, this was facilitated by the system of checks and balances between barbarian political associations on the northern border of the Empire. The autocrator Justinian the Great (527–565), professing the goal of political neutralisation of his neighbours, had been engaging the political associations of the Hepidians, Lombards and Antes in alliance relations since the 530s. These associations were fully or partially involved in the cohort of allies and federations of Constantinople, repelling the barbarian attacks of the Empire’s opponents in the region. At the same time, the internal contradictions that were brewing among the rulers of the barbarian associations could not provide the political system of Constantinople on the eastern bank of the Danube with promising development. One of the main reasons for the instability of relations between Justinian’s federates was the involvement of the Kingdom of the Hepidians in the Empire. In the second half of the 6th cent., the latter occupied the Danube and Tisza valleys, bordering the Roman provinces of Pannonia II of the Diocese of Dacia and Moesia I of the Diocese of Thrace. In 526, the Lombards became the Hepidians’ neighbours to the west. Being in a state of protracted conflict since then, both sides could not ensure victory without the participation of third parties. At the same time, the imperator Justinian and his predecessor, Justin I (518–527), were not interested in providing military assistance to their allies. The nature of the confrontation between the Lombards and the Hepidians changed with the arrival of the Avars in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Having become federates of Constantinople in 557, the Nomads were interested in obtaining the provinces of Pannonia II and Illyric for settlement. A dispute over these territories with Emperor Justin II (565–578) led to the actual breakdown of the nomads’ treaty with the Empire. King of the Lombards Alboin (566–572) proposed to grant the Avars these territories for settlement. At the suggestion of the barbarian monarch, the nomads received the desired lands in exchange for military assistance to the Lombards during the conflict with the Hepids. As a result of the negotiations between Alboin and the Avar Khan Bayan (562–602), an agreement was concluded, the postulates of which formed the basis of relations between the proto-state of the nomads and the newly formed Kingdom of the Lombards until the beginning of the 7th cent.

Tobacco- and alcohol-attributable burden of early-onset lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019, with projections to 2040.

Rising trends in early-onset Lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and Other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) burden had been observed. This study aimed to evaluate the burdens of LOC and OPC attributable to tobacco and alcohol in young adults aged 15-49 years from 1990 to 2040. Tobacco- and alcohol-attributable death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for LOC and OPC and the corresponding population-attributable fraction were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 for individuals aged 15-49 years. Estimated annual percent change was calculated to quantify the temporal trend of disease burden between 1990 and 2019. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the age-standardized mortality rate from 2020 to 2040. In 2019, an estimated 16,887 deaths and 799,495 DALYs for tobacco- and alcohol-attributable early-onset LOC, and 8,402 deaths and 386,418 DALYs for early-onset OPC attributable to tobacco and alcohol were reported globally. Despite the global decrease in age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates of tobacco- and alcohol-attributable LOC and OPC in young adults aged 15-49 years between 1990 and 2019, certain regions experienced increases, such as regions of Asia, Eastern Europe, and Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, a growing age-standardized mortality in individuals aged <34 years was found. The socio-demographic index level was positively associated with a faster reduction of early-onset LOC and OPC DALYs attributable to alcohol use and smoking, except for that due to chewing tobacco. Furthermore, projections have also indicated an expected increase in the age-standardized mortality for tobacco- and alcohol-attributable early-onset LOC and OPC. Significant regional and demographic disparities in tobacco and alcohol-related early-onset LOC and OPC burden and their attributable proportion highlight a need for tailored age- and region-appropriate interventions to reduce the future LOC and OPC burden among young adults.

Hubungan Rusia-Ukraine Pasca Keruntuhan Kesatuan Soviet: Dari Perselisihan Kecil Ke Kancah Perang

After the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine and Russia established good cooperation in various aspects despite some shifts in domestic issues. Ukraine adopted a policy of neutrality in its administration because it needed cooperation from various parties, including Russia and the West. However, everything changed when Ukraine expressed its desire to join NATO in 2008. This desire was welcomed by NATO but opposed by Russia, leading to an ongoing conflict with Ukraine, including the annexation of Crimea and the occupation of Donbas. This study aims to explain the development of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and identify the triggering factors between the two countries. The library method was used to gather secondary information from books, journals, reports, newspapers, and credible Internet sources. The study found that Russia's attack on Ukraine was driven by the need to ensure its survival and sovereignty against major powers such as the US and NATO, which were increasingly approaching the Eastern Europe region. The study also found two factors that triggered the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, namely internal and external factors. External factors such as the expansion of power and influence of the United States, the European Union, and NATO approaching Russia's borders, as well as Russia's geo-economic power beyond its borders, played a role in triggering the conflict. Meanwhile, internal factors include the presence of Russian elite groups that play a role in making important state decisions and Russia's formidable military capabilities.

Popular and Populist Shakespearean Transcreations in Central and Eastern Europe

The article discusses the variety of ways in which the terms “popular” or “populist” could be associated with postwar Shakespearean transcreations in the Central and Eastern European region, pointing out how performers and adaptors challenged the canonical, highbrow status of Shakespeare and used his oeuvre as raw material in experimental forms and genres. Following a discussion on the variety of socio-historical contexts which inspired noteworthy popular and/or populist reworkings in several Central and Eastern European countries, the article takes a more in-depth look at a few specific comic genres, particularly the burlesque and the cabaret in a theoretical framework, and concludes by examining post-1989 experimental theatre practices. The publication of the article was supported by the International Visegrad Fund, project no. 22210007, titled “Crossing Borders with Shakespeare since 1945: Central and Eastern European Roots and Routes.” The project is co-financed by the Governments of the Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia through Visegrad Grants. The mission of the Fund is to advance ideas for sustainable regional cooperation in Central Europe.

Actions to strengthen the contribution of small farms and small food businesses to food security in Europe

This study stems from a participatory foresight exercise conducted in nine Mediterranean, Baltic, Nordic and Eastern European regions, aiming to strengthen the role of small farms and small food businesses in ensuring food security. A wide range of stakeholders participated by attending workshops. They represented farmers’ organisations, food businesses, consumers’ organisations, NGOs, researchers, extension services, professional groups, and administration and public bodies. The actions proposed by participants are scanned and categorised around six broad objectives, stakeholders’ priorities and their underlying beliefs and preconceptions are discussed around the current debates of the literature, and the drivers that influence the feasibility of the proposed actions are discussed. Furthermore, the alignment of stakeholders’ -driven objectives with the European Strategies on food, agriculture, and rural areas is examined, with a focus on: (i) the EU Farm to Fork Strategy, (ii) the Rural Action Plan contained in the Long-Term Vision of Rural Areas developed by the EU Commission, and (iii) the Common Agricultural Policy in force since January 2023.

Maps in the catholic religious schematisms from Central and Eastern Europe

Among the graphic representations found in the books are maps. One type of print in which they also appear are religious schematisms (directories). Schematisms (lat. schematismus, elenchus, catalogue) are official lists of the clergy of a particular ecclesiastical administration unit (diocese, religious province). Despite the popularity that religious directories gained in the first half of the nineteenth century, it is only from the second to third decade of the twentieth century that we can speak of the maps included in them. In order to show the variety of representations, this article discusses some of the maps from religious schematisms stored in one of the largest collections of this type of prints in Europe, and thus in the world, namely in the University Library of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (BU KUL). The subject of the analysis was cartographic representations, their content, and forms of their production on the example of religious prints from the region of Central and Eastern Europe.

CONSTANTINE PORPHYROGENITUS: AΤΕΛΚΟΥΖΟΥ&#x0D; CONSTANTINE PORPHYROGENITUS: ATELKUZU

The treatise of Konstantin Porphyrogenitus “On the Management of the Empire” is the most authoritative source on toponymy and ethnonymics of Eastern Europe regions associated with the early history of the ancestors of the modern Slavs, Turks and Indo-Iranians, so every name mentioned in it continues to arouse the most lively interest to this day.&#x0D; &#x0D; The purpose of the study is to introduce some data that are not taken into account by historians-medievalists and evaluate the interpretations proposed by the author when reading E.M. Usmanov’s publications “On the Problem of Interpreting Medieval European Sources about the Ancestral Homeland of the Hungarians” and “The Hingilus River and the “Turks” of Konstantin Porphyrogenitus”.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and methods. The main research methods were the method of analyzing historical sources, including those used by predecessors, and the historical-genetic method. The article presents the views of those who had already addressed the problem of interpreting the geographical name Atel Kuzu mentioned in Konstantin’s treatise, as well as additional information from dictionaries and other historical and linguistic sources.&#x0D; &#x0D; Study results. The article establishes incorrectness of: 1) attributing the name Atel kuzu to the Kypchak source, since it has a bright Oguz phonomorphological appearance; 2) attributing the meaning “source; top of the river” to the Bashkir word кѳҙ/күҙ; 3) searching for the territory called Atel kuzu in the Southern Urals. Based on the material of toponymic dictionaries, it is proved that in all the names of the river sources recorded in the territory of Bashkortostan are formed on the basis of the geographical nomenclature term bash “head; beginning; source, top”, it turns out that the Oguz appearance of the toponym Atel Kuzu is associated with the fact that all medieval authors consistently call the Hungarians as the Turks.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusions. The new, sensational derivation of the etymology for the historical toponym Atel Kuzu basing on the data of the modern Bashkir language does not stand up to criticism.