East Railway Station Research Articles

Train dispatching program for high-speed railway station based on genetic algorithm

In case of train delays, centralized traffic control system become disabled, and the workload of dispatchers increases dramatically. Based on genetic algorithm, the author designs a program to appropriately reschedule trains in terms of delays, minimizing the total delay time and changes of gate. The author transformed the initial problem to a compromised combinatorial optimization model, with total delay time, changes of gate and conflicting routes as objectives. The high weighting in conflicting routes ensures efficiency and high probability of obtaining a feasible solution. With discreate variants, the author designs special coding and evolving method suitable for this problem. Using a special treatment for conflicts and initializing chromosomes, the program can construct new timetable quickly given the scheduled timetable, predicted arrival time and order of trains (optional), which promotes the efficiency and security of dispatching in high-speed railway stations. The method was tested with a synthetic data of Shanghai-Kunming section of Hangzhou East Railway Station.

Intelligent Early Warning and Decision Platform for Long-Term Ground Subsidence in High-Density Areas for Sustainable Urban Development

Long-term ground subsidence (LTGS) is a relatively slow process. However, the accumulation of long-term subsidence has an adverse impact on the normal operation and safety of a subway, hindering sustainable urban development. A wide gap exists between early warning theory and its application in the control of LTGS during subway operation due to time span limitation. Providing decision support for LTGS in high-density urban areas during subway operation is difficult, and a collaborative decision system for real-time early warning and intelligent control is currently lacking. This study establishes the functional components of an intelligent early warning and decision platform, proposes a software system module, constructs an overall software framework structure, and develops a mobile intelligent early warning and decision platform. Moreover, this study introduces an early warning method for LTGS in high-density urban areas during subway operation. This method integrates an intelligent early warning decision-making platform, namely Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR), land subsidence monitoring, operation tunnel subsidence monitoring, and other multisource data coupling. The method is applied to sections of the Hangzhou Metro Line 4 Phase I Project (Chengxing Road Station (CRS)–Civic Center Station (CCS)–Jiangjin Road Station (JRS) and Xinfeng Station (XS)–East Railway Station (ERS)–Pengbu Station (PS)). This work can serve as a reference for ensuring urban safety and promoting sustainable development.

Research on Choice Preference of Parallel Trains for High-Speed Rail Heterogeneous Passengers

The passenger capacity utilization of parallel trains on China’s high-speed railway (HSR) varies greatly, which seriously affects the revenue and passenger service quality of railroad companies. One of the key factors contributing to this issue is the uniformity of fares. To address this, China’s railway enterprises are implementing differential pricing reforms for parallel trains. This paper presents a two-step method that combines latent class analysis (LCA) and random parameter logit (RPL) models to estimate the preferences of diverse passengers for parallel trains and quantify them using willingness to pay. To illustrate this, we conducted revealed preference and stated preference questionnaire surveys at Nanning East Railway Station, China, focusing on the Nanning-Guangzhou HSR route. These surveys gathered data on passengers’ personal and travel attributes. LCA was carried out according to passenger attributes, and passengers were divided into three categories according to the goodness-of-fit measures. Through the questionnaire data, the travel time and departure time period of each category of the passenger were converted into costs, and the absolute value of each influencing factor of passengers for parallel trains was obtained. Considering the limited rational choice behavior of passengers, the perceived value of each influencing factor of passengers on parallel trains was calculated through prospect theory. Finally, an RPL model for parallel train choice of heterogeneous passengers was constructed, and the parameters of each category of the passenger were estimated based on the absolute value and perceived value of the influencing factors.

Human behaviour and evacuation time for large underground comprehensive buildings during fire risk process

Human factors play an indispensable role in process safety during fire risk process. Fire evacuation of underground comprehensive buildings is a critical consideration for practical importance. Here, evacuation experiments were conducted in the Guangzhou East Railway Station Plaza, a large underground comprehensive building in Guangdong, China, with the plaza occupants as the participants. The evacuation factors, namely evacuation time and evacuee-selected evacuation routes, were evaluated using empirical equations (the Togawa model and the Melinek and Booth model) and evacuation modelling software (EVACNET 4 and composite occupant evacuation model). The experimental data were used to verify the empirical equations and evacuation models and to modify specific empirical parameters. The effect on escape route judgement and selection under emergency situations was analysed. The results demonstrated that direct access to outdoor exits could considerably reduce evacuation time. The experimental N and ts were 1 person/m·s and 28 s, respectively. The total evacuation time was 281 s, and the EVACNET 4 and composite models’ simulations of safe evacuation were 285–290 s, which was consistent with the experimental data—validating the high accuracy and applicability of the models.

Construction technologies and mechanical effects of the pipe-jacking crossing anchor-cable group in soft stratum

In this study, an open-cut approach using steel-sheet piles and jet grouting piles for waterproofing was proposed to resolve the problem that ordinary pipe-jacking equipment cannot cross areas with existing anchor cables in soft stratum. The case history of a pipe-jacking project of a sewage treatment plant in the Jinan East Railway Station area was investigated. The mechanical properties of steel-sheet piles, horizontal displacement of piles, and ground surface settlement in the anchor-cable crossing area were investigated based on in situ observations. Numerical investigations were performed using the finite element method (FEM). The effects of existing anchor cables on the mechanical behaviors of retaining structures, deformation variation of the ground, and stability of the excavation were studied. The results indicate that the composite supporting structures of steel-sheet piles and jet grouting piles have a positive effect on waterproofing and deformation control in areas with existing anchor cables. When the steel-sheet pile touched the anchor cable during pile jacking, the compressive stress at the pile cap increased rapidly until it reached 62.8 MPa (the maximum pressure provided by the pile-pressing machine), which is twice the pressure under ordinary conditions. The maximum horizontal displacement of the retaining pile, δv, increased linearly with the excavation depth He. Existing anchor structures behind the excavation can restrain the deformation of the ground and retain the structure to a certain extent. The δv value of the pile with existing anchor structures behind is 6.5 mm or approximately 0.01% of the He value, which is 70% of that of the retaining pile without existing anchor structures. “Groove type” ground surface settlements are found on both sides of the excavation. The maximum ground settlements δh are 0.29% He and 0.05% He, respectively. The plastic zone at both sides of the excavation bottom extends to the ground surface with an angle of about 45°. When an excavation fails, the plastic zone range in the ground with existing anchor cables is significantly larger than it is in the ground without anchor cables. The key contribution of this research is to provide an effective and low-budget treatment for pipe-jacking crossing through an anchor-cable group region. The findings from this study also provide industry practitioners with a comprehensive guide regarding the specific applications and mechanical performance of the crossing excavation for obstacle treatment.

Retracted: “Intelligent” Technical Guidelines for Chongqing East Railway Station Building and Supporting Hub Area

Retracted: “Intelligent” Technical Guidelines for Chongqing East Railway Station Building and Supporting Hub Area

A study on the location of emergency supplies reserve center in Guangxi for tropical cyclone disasters

On average, Guangxi experiences 2 severe tropical cyclone disasters yearly. A large number of disaster victims need governments at all levels to raise enough emergency supplies to carry out effective relief. However, there is no proper reserve center for tropical cyclone disaster storage and collection of emergency supplies in Guangxi, so it is urgent to choose a suitable location to build the Guangxi tropical cyclone disaster emergency supplies reserve center. The data of 16 severe tropical cyclone disasters and rescues in Guangxi from 2014 to 2021 were collected. An optimal location model of the emergency supplies reserve center for tropical cyclone disasters in Guangxi was established using the improved center of gravity method based on GIS. After four iterations of calculation, the longitude and latitude coordinate S5(108.64, 21.98) were used as a suitable site to construct the Guangxi Tropical Cyclone Disaster Emergency Supplies Reserve Center to ensure the fastest and lowest cost delivery of emergency supplies to the disaster areas in Guangxi. According to the map of Tiandi, the actual place corresponding to this coordinate is near Liuwu Village next to Qinzhou East Railway Station, Qinnan District, Qinzhou, Guangxi. This location coordinate S5 can provide a reference for the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region government to select a suitable address to construct the Guangxi Tropical Cyclone Disaster Emergency Supplies Reserve Center. The improved center of gravity location model based on GIS can also provide a reference for other provinces or cities to carry out emergency supplies reserve center locations.

Measuring Railway Track Irregularities at High Accuracy and Efficiency Based on GNSS/INS/TS Integration

Measuring the railway track irregularities (abbr. Irr) with sub-millimeter accuracy is vital for the travel safety of high-speed trains. In comparison to the traditional total station (TS)-based track inspection trolley (TIT) for track irregularity examination, the integration of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial navigation system (INS) is more time-efficient but less accurate in longwave irregularity detection. To achieve high accuracy and high survey efficiency, a GNSS/INS/TS integrated irregularity measuring (GIT-Irr) system is proposed based on the attitude-inferred irregularity measuring method utilizing TS constraint. In addition, to reduce the conversion error of TS coordinates from local engineering frame to local geo-frame, TS-aided calibration in the deviation domain is recommended in the GIT-Irr system. A field test was carried out near the Baotou East railway station in China in order to validate the performance of the proposed system. Four sets of independent measurements are collected together with an external reference from a TS-based TIT. The results demonstrate that the proposed system increases the surveying ability of shortwave and longwave alignment irregularities by about 5% and 75%, respectively. Under a 3-sigma confidence level, shortwave alignment irregularities are 0.50 mm and 0.57 mm in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, while those of the longwaves are 1.78 mm and 2.06 mm. Therefore, the proposed GIT-Irr system provides great potential for highly efficient sub-millimeter track irregularity measurement.

Research on a Prediction Method for Passenger Waiting-Area Demand in High-Speed Railway Stations

The rapid development of intelligent transportation systems and high-speed railways has shortened the waiting time of passengers and the demand for waiting areas. Large-scale stations not only increase the difficulty for passengers when traveling but also waste a great deal of land resources and construction funds. Therefore, this research analyzes passenger waiting area demand according to the characteristics of urban development, passenger travel characteristics and station departure passenger flow. This paper establishes a prediction model for the number of passengers spending time in the waiting room, taking into account passenger traffic and train departure timetables. We used Beijing South Railway Station, Xi’an North Railway Station, Hefei South Railway Station and Zhoukou East Railway Station as examples to predict the numbers of passengers spending time in waiting rooms of different types and scales of station. Research results show that shortening the length of passengers’ early arrival times can effectively reduce the number of passengers gathered in medium-sized stations, which are located in new first-tier cities. Under the influence of the urban traffic environment and passenger flow, the uncertainties regarding travel time and passenger flow in first-tier cities are lower than those in new first-tier cities and higher than those in third-tier and fourth-tier cities. Therefore, the waiting area demand of passengers departing from medium-sized stations in new first-tier cities is lower than that of passengers from large stations in first-tier cities, and higher than that of passengers from small stations in third-tier and fourth-tier cities.

Assessment Method for Dynamic Impact of Large Passenger Flow on Urban Rail Transit Network: A Case Study on Chengdu East Railway Station

Large-scale activities, holidays, and emergencies often cause a significantly large burst of passenger flow demand in some urban rail transit (URT) stations in a short time, called large passenger flow (LPF). The LPF will propagate through the entire URT network of the city. The impact of the frequent occurrence of LPF on network service levels is crucial and unpredictable. This article describes an analysis of how this LPF propagates through the entire network inspired by how radionuclide imaging is done in clinical medicine. In this study, with LPF of URT as the research object, a propagation model of LPF in URT based on AFC data, train operation data, and URT network topology data was developed, which was inspired by the concept of radionuclide imaging in clinical medicine. In the condition of obtaining the list of passenger route selection ratios, the dynamic propagation state matrix of the LPF in the network is solved. The contribution value matrix of the LPF was proposed to evaluate the impact of the LPF on the URT network. Considering the LPF in Chengdu East Railway Station, China, as an example, the propagation effect of LPF in the Chengdu Metro network was analyzed, and the effectiveness of the proposed model was confirmed.

How Does the Spatial Structure of High-Speed Rail Station Areas Evolve? A Case Study of Zhengzhou East Railway Station, China

The rapid development of high-speed rail (HSR) and station areas has shortened the spatial and temporal distances among cities, improved the accessibility of cities, and affected the spatial agglomeration and diffusion of populations and of social and economic activities. This has led to spatial reconfiguration of production factors within cities, which has the potential to drive the reconstruction of urban spatial structures. Based on POI and land-use data, this paper defines the spatial scope of the HSR station area and explores the characteristics and influencing factors of its spatial structure from the perspective of industry. The study area i is set at 2000 m. Since the opening of the HSR, the industrial distribution has exhibited a significant circular, multi-core, and axial belt spatial structure. The spatial structure of each sub-industry is different. On the whole, internal and external transport and agglomeration economies have significant impacts on the industrial spatial distribution, and land rent has gradually decreased in importance with the development of HSR station areas. The intensity of the effects of different factors varies among different industries. The mechanisms by which the spatial structure of the station area is formed are discussed and include location accessibility, micro-market factors, node station attributes, the availability of a sufficient amount of undeveloped land, the characteristics and needs of HSR passengers, and policies and systems.

Passenger Flow Prediction of Integrated Passenger Terminal Based on K-Means–GRNN

As the passenger flow distribution center cooperating with various modes of transportation, the comprehensive passenger transport hub brings convenience to passengers. With the diversification of passenger travel modes, the passenger flow scale gradually increases, which brings significant challenges to the integrated passenger hub. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of early warning and response to the future passenger flow to avoid congestion accidents. In this paper, the passenger flow GRNN prediction model is proposed, based on the K-means cluster algorithm, and an improved index named BWPs (Between-Within Proportion-Similarity) is proposed to improve the clustering effect of K-means so that the clustering effect of the new index is verified. In addition, the passenger flow data are studied and trained by combining with the GRNN neural network model based on parameter optimization (GA); the passenger flow prediction model is obtained. Finally, the passenger flow of Chengdu East Railway Station has been taken as an example, which is divided into 16 models, and each type of passenger flow is predicted, respectively. Compared with the traditional method, the results show that the model can predict the passenger flow with high accuracy.

“Intelligent” Technical Guidelines for Chongqing East Railway Station Building and Supporting Hub Area

In this paper, by drawing on the advanced experience and norms at home and abroad, the compilation and research of “intelligent technical guidelines” for Chongqing east railway station and its supporting hub area are completed. It includes “digital technology, intelligent construction,” “accurate and flexible, intelligent service,” and “panoramic management and control, intelligent operation, and maintenance,” and has formed the whole life cycle technical framework of “intelligent construction, intelligent service, intelligent management, and operation and maintenance.”

Implementation of SHM system for Hangzhou East Railway Station using a wireless sensor network

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is facilitated by new technologies that involve wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The main benefits of WSNs are that they are distributed, are inexpensive to install, and manage data effectively via remote control. In this paper, a wireless SHM system for the steel structure of Hangzhou East Railway Station in China is developed, since the state of the structural life cycle is highly complicated and the accompanying internal force redistribution is not known. The monitoring system uses multitype sensors, which include stress, acceleration, wind load, and temperature sensors, as the measurement components for the structural features, construction procedure, and on-site environment. The sensor nodes communicate with each other via a flexible tree-type network. The system that consists of 323 sensors is designed for the structure, and the data acquisition process will continue throughout its whole life cycle. First, a full-scale application of SHM using a WSN is described in details. Then, it focuses on engineering practice and data analysis. The current customized WSN has been demonstrated to have satisfactory durability and strong robustness; hence, it well satisfies the requirements for multi-type sensors to operate in a large area. The data analysis results demonstrate that the effects of the construction process and the environment on the super-large-scale structure have been captured accurately. Those effects include the stress variation throughout the construction process, the dynamic responses that are caused by passing trains, the strain variation caused by temperature change over the long term, and the delay in the wind-pressure history.

Analysis of Natural Ventilation Design in Large Space of Railway Station

Generally, natural ventilation is a useful passive design method to improve thermal environment, especially in large space buildings. Taking Zhengzhou East Railway Station (Zhengzhou ERS) as an example, this paper discussed the natural ventilation of Zhengzhou ERS by comparing experimental test with simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), based on local climate characteristics. Then, combined with the Zhengzhou ERS model, optimized natural ventilation design was proposed by comparing the natural ventilation conditions of different types of roof forms. And some ideas and reference were provided to improve indoor thermal environment and passive energy-saving design for large-scale railway station buildings.

Research on Lighting and Energy Consumption in Large Space of Railway Station in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zone in China

Based on surveys and tests of railway stations in hot summer and cold winter zone in China, analyzed the status quo of railway station buildings. A performance analysis model of the Zhengzhou East Railway Station waiting hall was established to analyse the effects of scattered skylights and different aspect ratios on the lighting environment and energy consumption characteristics, provided reference for the design of Railway Stations in hot summer and cold winter zone.

The associations of newly launched high-speed rail stations with industrial gentrification

Industrial gentrification occurs when lower-skill or lower-wage industries are displaced by higher-skill or higher-wage industries caused by various driving forces. This research explored the associations of newly launched high-speed rail (HSR) stations with industrial gentrification. Sample data were obtained from business registration records from 2010 to 2018 for areas surrounding the Hangzhou East Railway Station (a new HSR station in newly developing areas) and Hangzhou Railway Station (a pre-existing rail station in developed areas) in China. Cox proportional hazard regressions were applied to analyze the survival risks of businesses. Empirical results suggest that the newly launched HSR services have induced industrial gentrification in the developed station area. Except for the displacement of agricultural production activities, HSR-induced industrial gentrification has not yet been manifested in the newly developed station area. The latter phenomenon is because of the sufficiently available lands and floor spaces for industrial development and the lower-skill or lower-wage industries and higher-skill or higher-wage industries that benefit from HSR services in the form of revenues.

基于客流分析的成都东站旅客流线组织优化

基于客流分析的成都东站旅客流线组织优化

Influence of coarse fly ash on the performance of foam concrete and its application in high-speed railway roadbeds

In this paper, the potential of using foam concrete as a lightweight filling material for high-speed railway roadbeds was studied. The influence of coarse fly ash on the workability, mechanical, shrinkage performances and durability of foam concrete were analyzed. X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) was used to characterize the microstructure and quantitatively in situ monitor the water transfer behavior of foam concrete. The results show that coarse fly ash enhances many properties of foam concrete, including workability and mechanical and freeze-thaw resistance properties, while the reverse phenomenon is observed for water absorption and drying shrinkage properties. A good linear relationship was provided between the fine content and the absorption coefficients. Finally, continuous field testing of settlement, lateral displacement and soil pressure in the Hangzhou east railway station project shows good loading and differential settlement reduction properties when foam concrete was used as a filling material.

Parallel Service Management Framework and Application to Railway Station Layout Planning

People always say that the customer is god, but do they really understand this god? In practice, the nature of service, such as its intangibility and heterogeneity, makes the effective management of service operations difficult. To better incorporate human behaviors and other complex factors to facilitate service management decisions, the authors propose a new approach called parallel service management. PSM, which follows the ACP framework, is an emerging methodology in complex systems modeling and analysis. In PSM, customer agents, service employee agents, service organization agents, and the service environment construct an artificial service system, which can run in parallel with the real service system. The authors developed an agent-based artificial service system for the Chengdu East Railway Station, which let them make better layout planning decisions. The modification plan was then implemented in the station and achieved significant increase in store entering rate. Statistical comparison proves PSM's potential to enhance the performance of the real service systems.