East Kazakhstan Region Research Articles

Development of Entrepreneurial Activity Using the Integration of Human Capital and Green Technologies to Optimize the Sustainable Development of the Tourism Sector (A Case Study of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

The development of the tourism sector faces serious challenges, which are related to its environmental transformation, digitalization, and integration of new technologies, as well as competitiveness. Tourists’ behavior is also changing. The future demand for tourism is likely to be driven by growing environmental awareness, increased use of digital services and new technologies, a shift towards a more personalized travel experience, and ensuring well-being and better engagement with local communities and culture. Meeting the requirements of the modern tourism industry is a problem not only for the Republic of Kazakhstan but also for other countries that strive for sustainable development of the tourism sector. The purpose of the study is to identify ways to develop entrepreneurial activity by integrating human capital and green technologies to optimize the sustainable development of the tourism sector. The paper examines the basic theoretical concepts of the essence and forms of sustainable tourism and presents the concept of the integration of human capital and green technologies to achieve the principles of sustainable development. Based on an expert survey, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis, and statistical methods, the main ways of promotion and development of sustainable tourism, as well as measures to integrate human capital and green technologies into entrepreneurial activities in the tourism sector in the East Kazakhstan Region, have been identified. The authors have concluded that the introduction of green technologies and the integration of human capital with them provide new standards for the quality of tourist services while preserving the natural resources of the region.

Food consumption in East Kazakhstan region - focus on stability of indicators

Consumption of food products by the population is an important indicator of food security, as this concept includes not only food independence, but also the availability of food products. The aim is to assess the relationship between economic indicators and sustainable development of agro-industrial complex in East Kazakhstan for 2012-2023, with emphasis on the impact of the existing conditions and factors on food consumption patterns. Methods include econometric modeling, statistical estimation, data synthesis and regression analysis to study the obtained data, identify patterns and summarize suggestions and recommendations. Innovative econometric techniques supported by Eviews 12.0 software allow the interaction between different variables to be quantified with precision. Results show that growth in gross regional product per capita is correlated with improvements in dietary diversity and nutritional quality, increasing food security. The authors note that fluctuations in agricultural production significantly affect food availability and prices. An analysis of the level of food utilization is presented, which makes it possible to determine the state and prospects for the development of key branches of the agricultural sector of the region and the achievement of import substitution policy. The negative point is the problem of economic availability of food products in the region in the necessary volumes and assortment for residents with low incomes, which is caused by the growth of inflation and the decline in real money. It is shown that economic parameters explain about 95% of the variability in food consumption. The subsistence minimum plays an important role in food consumption. Its growth leads to an increase in food expenditures, which in turn affects the overall level of food consumption. Regular adjustments to social standards are needed. Conclusions - the possibilities of food stability in the country depend on the demand trends in the food market. There is a direct correlation between the productivity of agricultural production and the structure of consumer demand for food products. The state policy in the sphere of food consumption and provision of the population with food should include mechanisms to reduce income differences, stabilize prices, focus on balanced nutrition, and a comprehensive approach to forecasting consumer preferences.

Oil and fat industry of the Eastern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan: growth reserves, economic potential

The aim is to study the trends and problems of development of the oil and fat industry of the East Kazakhstan region. Methods - statistical-economic in the study of phenomena and processes occurring in the oil-fat segment, calculative-constructive - to identify possible alternative directions of increasing the volume of production of the oil-fat subcomplex in the future, abstractlogical - to analyze the current situation in the oil-fat sector of the region, comparative - to compare the indicators of economic activity of this food industry by different criteria depending on the final objectives. Results - on the basis of statistical information and other official sources the questions concerning the produced agricultural products, their processing and the sphere of trade in finished goods were considered, at that, the final main product is edible and technical vegetable oils. Conclusions - detailed monitoring allowed to reveal the reasons restraining the expansion of the oil and fat industry in the region, in particular, limited provision of necessary raw materials, low percentage of utilization of production capacities of oil refineries, insufficient supply of high quality seeds. Measures to stabilize the output of oil and fat products have been proposed. These are, first of all, the use of innovative technologies in the production cycle, the formation and functioning of various integrated structures in the agro-industrial complex, which will increase the efficiency of enterprises and solve the issues of food security of the country. High-technology and equipment of advanced brands will significantly reduce the cost of processed products, and cooperation of producers with the support of service centers will make it possible to increase the sown areas of this oilseed crop. It is necessary to use innovative technologies, the implementation of which will contribute to the production of high-quality environmentally friendly food products that are in demand in domestic and foreign markets.

Lithium capacity of Kazakhstan mineral resource base

Relevance. Weak knowledge of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan on lithium raw materials previously mined in the East Kazakhstan region. Aim. To study lithium raw material base in the Republic of Kazakhstan and prospects for the extraction of lithium raw materials. Methods. Content analysis of all information on the subject of the mineral resource base of lithium in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results. Within the Republic of Kazakhstan, ore deposits of scapolite pegmatites and lithium-bearing greisens-hydrothermal growths are known along alkaline granites. Residual lithium reserves from previously developed rare metal deposits that are equivalent to 36.3 thousand tons of Li2O, predicted resources of known lithium occurrences are estimated at 140 thousand tons of Li2O. It is possible to develop known rare metal deposits with the extraction of tantalum, niobium, beryllium and associated extraction of spodumene concentrate. GRK «Ognevsky Mining and Processing Plant» is already planning to put back to mining of tantalum and beryl (with the associated extraction of spodumene concentrate – up to 2.5 thousand tons/year) at the Bakennoe deposit and processing the resulting ore concentrates at the operating Ulba metallurgical plant of Kazatomprom. With regard to lithium-bearing hydro-mineral resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the situation is more complicated, due to the data limitations on the completeness of formation water testing and the reliability of data on surface waters of stagnant lakes. Such oil and gas fields as Karachaganak (up to 196 mg/l Li2O), Kolkuduk (up to 130 mg/l Li2O), Teplovskoe (up to 82.5 mg/l), Urikhtau (up to 52 mg/l) and Western Opak (up to 45 mg/l) are known for high concentration of lithium in formation waters. First two deposits are ready for oil and gas development and production with an annual extraction of up to 1 thousand tons of lithium carbonate. With regard to the lithium content of stagnant lakes of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it should be noted almost total lack of reliable information on sampling their surface waters. Given the fact of finding industrially significant lithium-bearing hydro-mineral lake deposits in adjacent regions of China and Mongolia, it is necessary to intensify the thematic works to assess the lithium content of endorheic lakes throughout the Republic of Kazakhstan, with sampling not only of surface waters, but also of natural brine, lake mud, saline clayey rocks of solonchaks and takyrs.

The role of language and education in self-identification and integration of kandas into Kazakhstan society

The purpose of this article is to determine the role of language and education in the self-identification and socioeconomic integration of repatriates into Kazakh society. The study is based on an analysis of historical materials, a comparison of statistical data and scientific works on this topic, as well as the results of field research – narrative biographical interviews with kandas, which were conducted in 3 regions of Kazakhstan: Almaty region, Esik; East Kazakhstan region, Shygys village; and North Kazakhstan region, the village of Sergeevka. These field studies were carried out in July-August 2023 under the project “Identification aspects of the integration of Kandas into Kazakh society”, dedicated to the problems of adaptation and integration of repatriates in Kazakhstan. The article examines various aspects related to language problems, such as insufficient knowledge of the Russian language, the impact of the language issue on self-identification and sociocultural adaptation and economic integration of the kandas. The article also examines the economic opportunities of repatriates depending on their level of education as well as education programs are offered by the state for young repatriates. In conclusion, the article summarizes the results and offers recommendations for improving integration mechanisms, such as strengthening language and cultural training; development of professional retraining and advanced training programs; simplification of bureaucratic procedures related to employment and obtaining documents; improving information support and consulting services for repatriates. This study is important for understanding and supporting the process of adaptation of kandas and creating a favorable environment for their socio-economic integration in Kazakh society. The results of the study can be used to develop and improve government programs aimed at supporting repatriates. The recommendations proposed in the article can help improve integration mechanisms and create more favorable conditions for the socioeconomic adaptation of the kandas. Taken together, the scientific significance of the article is manifested in its ability to expand knowledge about the processes of integration of repatriates and provide practical recommendations for improving these processes.

THE IDEA OF ALASH AND CENSORSHIP

The article examines the censorship policy of the Soviet government, which strictly prohibited the propaganda of the idea of Alash. Chronicle data and the creative heritage of Alash figures, as well as archival materials of the Semipalatinsk Museum of Local Lore and the archive fund of East Kazakhstan Region (now Abai region) were used as the object of research. Historical data and narrative data were analyzed on the basis of mutual historical-comparative and comparative approaches to research, evidence of hypothetical conclusions was revealed by the method of biographical parallel and content analysis (quantitative, qualitative). As a result of the study, it was determined that the main cause of various movements and uprisings, considered colonial policy and the struggle for independence, is the struggle for the idea, and the definition of the idea of Alash is given. In addition, methods of underground, secret or disguised ideological work against the censorship mechanism, which tightly controlled the propaganda work of the idea of Alash, were revealed.

Снижение экологической нагрузки на регион за счет рационального способа утилизации фторангидрита

The article considers the chemical industry technologies contaminating the environment with sulfate-calcium waste in three regions of the former Soviet Union, i.e., the Tomsk region (SHK LLC, Seversk), the Perm territory (Galopolimer JSC, Perm), and East Kazakhstan region (UMZ JSC, Ust-Kamenogorsk). The differences and similarities of technological processes of anhydrous calcium sulfate production in the above-mentioned regions have been considered. Some properties of sulfate calcium (acid fluoride) that until recently was the main environmental contaminator used in the technology of hydrogen fluoride production have been specified. The objective of the study is to provide generalized positive results obtained by the authors of the article in the field of optimization of sulfuric decomposition of fluorspar not changing the production conditions and the quality of the main product — hydrogen fluoride. As a result of the process, the solid waste of hydrogen fluoride production is transformed into a target product, i.e., a technogenic anhydrite binder that can be an alternative to Portland cement and gypsum binders in the construction industry. Therefore, acid fluoride waste is removed from the hydrogen fluoride technology, and the environmental contamination with sulfate-calcium waste is prevented. In addition, a new trend in the construction industry is set, which is the industry production of anhydrite materials and products. The list of pilot-industrial and semi-industrial tests of the production of various anhydrite products has been provided (as an image listing the fields of use of acid fluoride in the industry of construction materials). In conclusion, the amount of environmental damage caused by the acid fluoride waste has been specified. In the Ob basin of the West Siberian region, it was 270 million rubles for 2023.

Selection assessment of promising forms of natural Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae) populations and their offspring in the Kazakhstan Altai Mountains

Abstract. Vdovina TA, Isakova EA, Lagus OA, Sumbembayev AA. 2024. Selection assessment of promising forms of natural Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae) populations and their offspring in the Kazakhstan Altai Mountains. Biodiversitas 25: 1809-1822. This article presents the results of studying the genetic diversity of sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides L. in natural populations of the East Kazakhstan region. This made it possible to identify valuable forms based on which targeted breeding work was carried out. Selection work has shown that this species has a unique gene pool. As a result of the analytical selection of H. rhamnoides in the first, second, and third generations, promising seedlings were obtained: ´Podarok Bajtulinu Sh-9-81 (4-6) II´, ´Jubilejnaja Kotuhova T-2-82 (2-22) III´, ´Dolgozhdannaja ?5 (3-24) III´, ´Shetlastinka ?7 (2-24) III´, ´Nesravnennaja Sh-9-81 (3-27) III´, ´Krasavica Sh-9-81 (3-30) III´, ´Solnyshko Sh-12-81 (1-18) III´ with high yield, large fruits, long stalk and low fruit tearing force. Among the male plants, the following forms are distinguished: ´Gustoj Tuman T-2-82 (1-24) III´, ´Ljubimec T-17-82 (2-20) III´, ´Krasavchik K-8-82 (1-34) III´, ´Bogatyr' T-17-82 (2-20) III´ with high winter hardiness and pollen productivity. A scale has been developed for the force of fruit separation and the density of the “cob” for local forms. A selection achievement (variety) patent was received for the ´Jubilejnaja Kotuhova´ form. The next two forms (´Shetlastinka´ and ´Podarok Bajtulinu´) pass the state test for economic usefulness. The richest gene pool of sea buckthorn in the Altai mountainous country indicates its high heterogeneity.

Getting a Face Brick of Light Shades Based on Marl

The article reflects the topic of the shortage of raw materials for the production of face bricks of light colors. This problem has particularly affected producers in the European part of Russia due to the cessation of clay supplies from the territory of Donbass. Therefore, one of the relevant directions is the search for alternative sources of raw materials. The accumulated experience and laboratory tests have shown the possibility of producing light bricks using marl. As components of the ceramic mass, clays from the Vladimirovsky deposit in the Rostov region of the East Kazakhstan region, charge and marl KO-2 were also accepted from deposits in the Rostov region. By changing the percentage of marl and refractory clay and the firing temperature, it is possible to adjust the color of the fired products, as well as water absorption, average density, strength of products and their shrinkage. Industrial tests conducted on the basis of two brick factories in Rostov-on-Don and the region showed positive results. The use of marl ranged from 40 to 70% of the total weight. Clay from the East Kazakhstan region Vladimirovskoye deposit in the amount of 30 to 60%, respectively, acted as a plastic component. The brick turned out to be light beige to light yellow in color. One of the factories launched the “Svetly” brick into mass production. The material fully meets the requirements of GOST 530–2012. Thus, the problem of the shortage of light clays can be solved by using alternative raw materials – marl. The introduction of 50 to 70% of the mass into the composition is particularly effective. Preliminary calculations show the profitability of the technology by saving raw materials up to 20–25%, while increasing the aesthetic characteristics of the front brick.

The concept of sustainable development: implementation opportunities at the regional level (based on the example of the East Kazakhstan region)

Sustainable development of the territory allows overcoming crisis situations in the economy and social sphere. The essence of the concept of sustainable development derives from the concept of "triple bottom line", which implies a balance between environmental sustainability, which aims to maintain the quality of the environment necessary for economic activity and the quality of life of people; social sustainability, which seeks to ensure human rights and equality, respect for cultural diversity, race and religion; economic sustainability, which is necessary to maintain natural, social and human capital relevant for income generation. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to assessing the sustainable development of a territory, reflecting the characteristics of Kazakhstan’s regions and testing the proposed methodology using the example of the East Kazakhstan region. The authors of the article in this study are based on the application of deduction and induction methods, a comprehensive approach to the study of the research object, methods of general economic analysis – comparison, average values, methods of factor analysis. As a result of the analysis of socio-economic and environmental development of the East-Kazakhstan region, the authors found that the social and economic indicators of the region are in a relatively satisfactory condition. The region occupies a leading position among the regions with predominantly industrially oriented economy. In addition, the use of natural potential allows the region to maintain a strong position against the background of regions with a relatively agrarian-oriented economy. However, the analysis of the environmental component of sustainable development has shown that the relatively high performance of the region in terms of economic and social development was made possible by ignoring the value of the environmental potential. Consequently, the current development of the region is contrary to the principles of the sustainable development concept. In this regard, it is necessary to create mechanisms of state regulation to implement policies aimed at overcoming this trend. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed practical recommendations to improve the mechanism of realisation of sustainable development goals of the territory.

Production of meat and processed products in the conditions of technological modernization of agro-industrial complex of the East Kazakhstan region

Goal - the current situation and promising directions for the development of meat industry in the East Kazakhstan region are considered, and limiting factors for its growth are identified. During the research process, in the context of a comprehensive analysis, calculationconstructive, statistical-economic, expert, and monographic methods were used. Results – an assessment of the main parameters of livestock complex and meat processing sector in the Eastern region over the past five years is presented. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that there are positive changes in meat sector, but overall production is not efficient enough. The authors note the lack of raw materials and high cost of raw materials. Food imports occupy a significant place, and small-scale production of farms leads to decrease in the competitiveness of goods produced. Conclusions – the results of the study made it possible to substantiate the most optimal directions for increasing the volume of meat product subcomplex and expanding meat products market through effective government regulation, development of cooperative and integration relations between agricultural producers and processing industry enterprises, allowing the creation of cooperatives that contribute to increasing the size of production and processing of meat products. As economic measures, it is advisable to stimulate supply and demand for food products, preferential lending throughout the entire cycle of obtaining products and selling them on domestic and foreign markets. The authors focus on the need to find options for reducing costs of production processes, implementing innovative projects and forming cluster-type associations. The creation of new enterprises (meat processing plants, poultry farms) will create new jobs and increase the income of the population.

PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OF SORBENTS FROM FOOD PLANT WASTES FOR WATER PURIFICATION

The article describes the results of research on production of modified types of sorbents based on waste food plants and the possibility of drinking water purification from Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Sunflower and buckwheat wastes widely spread in the East Kazakhstan region were selected for production of modified sorbent. Structural features of sunflower and buckwheat shells were studied. It was found that samples of the initial form of buckwheat and sunflower, washed with distilled water, consist of very dense and small micropores. It was found that the surface of the sorbents particles is changed by washing with alcohol solution, with pores and hillocks appearing on the surface of sunflower husk particles. In acid-base-treated sorbents, an increase in the number of macropores and a change in the general morphological structure are observed. As a result of defining the sorption capacity of sorbents produced by acid-alkaline activation, it is on average 0.06 mg/g in iodine and 1.3 mg/g in methylene blue higher than that of medical activated carbon. The results of materials sorption capacity study produced from sunflower husk, sequentially treated with 8.2% hydrochloric acid solution and 16,5% sodium hydroxide solution, indicated effect respect to Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions showed a high purification effect of 98.7% and 95.8%, respectively. The above-mentioned modified sorbent is proposed as a sorption material in the production of filters for drinking water purification.

THE STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF EKP

In this study, the antioxidant properties of extracts, the total content of phenols and flavonoids were studied from some essential oil medicinal plants growing on the territory of East Kazakhstan region, in particular yarrow (Latin Achillea) and wormwood (Latin Artemisia). Three solvents, distilled water, acetone and ethanol were used in the research work. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by dpph, ABTS, β-carotene/linoleic acid and phenolic, flavonoid compounds. The results related to the applied methods and solvents (polar, apolar) were obtained. For example, the ABTS cationic radical removal method showed that the highest antioxidant activity in both plant types was demonstrated by the same acetone solvent (Achillea 344.11 and 0.06 mg/ml, Artemisia 198.26 and 0.07 mg/ml). DPPH showed the strongest effect of radical removal in distilled aqueous solvent (Achillea 245.82±1.59 mg/ml, Artemisia 300.53±1.18 mg/ml) in both species using the method of determining the activity of free radical removal. In addition, when studying total phenol, flavonoid compounds, the total amount of phenols in various solvent extracts obtained from Achillea ranged from 0.13 mg/ml from 59.71 to 0.13 mg/ml from 96.16 to 0.21 mg/ml, and the amount of flavonoids ranged from 0.11 mg/ml from 38.22 to 86.65 from 1.17 mg/ml. While the phenol content in Artemisia extracts ranged from 40.75 mg/ml to 113.56 mg/ml to 0.91 mg/ml, the flavanoid content ranged from 22.74 mg/ml to 74.94 mg/ml to 1.97 mg/ml.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE PERIOD FROM 2011 TO 2020

This study explores the epidemiological landscape of musculoskeletal diseases in Kazakhstan over the past decade, emphasizing the impact on public health and the need for individualized medical approaches. Analyzing a 10-year dataset from 2011 to 2020, sourced from the Ministry of Health, the study reveals a significant increase in overall morbidity, with the highest incidence shifting from the East Kazakhstan region a decade ago to Astana city in 2020. Despite a temporary decline during the initial COVID-19 pandemic, morbidity rose consistently across all southern regions. Detailed regional analyses highlight the Zhambyl region as having the highest incidence in 2020, with distinct patterns observed among different age groups and genders. The findings underscore the importance of targeted strategies to mitigate morbidity and enhance musculoskeletal health, providing a valuable foundation for future public health initiatives.

Calculation and numerical modeling of the effect of heat and mass transfer on the properties of pile foundations in seasonally freezing soils

The phenomenon of heat and mass transfer in seasonally freezing soils has a significant impact on the condition of pile foundations. Building structures constructed in such soils experience extremely negative consequences: frost heave, vibration dynamics, moisture mass transfer and soil weakening during the thawing. Seasonally freezing soils occupy most of the territory of Kazakhstan, and in most regions the depth of soil freezing exceeds 1.5 m, there are settlements where the index reaches 1.97 m (Semiyarka, East Kazakhstan region) and in the north of the country - 2.74 m (Arshaly, Akmola region). Arrangement of foundation bases below the frost depth leads to increased construction costs, requires additional costs for thermal insulation, ventilation, other materials and structures, and, in addition, does not always lead to a full levelling of the negative impact of heat and mass transfer on the term and conditions of operation of buildings, structures, railways and roads. Therefore, the efforts of engineers and specialists in the field of thermal physics are aimed at finding effective ways to solve the problems of deformation and destruction of foundations in seasonally freezing soils. In the article an attempt is made to reveal the character of heat and mass transfer influence on pile foundations in seasonally freezing soils on the basis of a thermomechanical model.

Assessment of the effectiveness of the use of a jet-directing dam with different lengths on the formation of thermal pollution zones in a flowing aquatic environment from a coastal power plant: A numerical study

In this paper, it was considered numerical modeling of the distribution of temperature fields formed as a result of the water discharge used to cool turbogenerators of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The purpose of the work was to evaluate the thermal impact on a natural flowing reservoir. A section of the Irtysh River, near the city of Kurchatov in the East Kazakhstan region, where a nuclear power plant is supposed to be built, was taken as an object of modeling. One of the main problems of the work is to evaluate the efficiency of using jet-directing dams of various lengths for natural cooling reservoirs. According to the obtained results, the use of such dams will reduce the heat load on coastal areas. For comparison, dams of different lengths will be considered: 300 m and 450 m. The model developed in this article will make it possible to predict the spread of thermal plumes and its impact on the water area of the river. Based on the results, an assessment was made of the optimal length of the barrier, which reduces the level of thermal pollution of the coastline.

Legal and socio-economic consequences of depriving the nomadic population of voting rights in the territory of East Kazakhstan (1926-1936)

The study of the Soviet society formation’s and the total system’s history is closely connected with the study of the repressive policy of the state, as well as those categories of the population that became its victims. The deprivation of voting rights was not only political, but also social in nature: due to the fact that the «disenfranchised» were limited in access to social rights. This measure was carried out in broader statistics of several functions: preventing increased attention to infectious agents, artificially structuring society, establishing control over the detection of the population’s part, maintaining an atmosphere of confrontation and division in society. This issue is relevant for the current state of Kazakhstan’s society, which extends discrimination against certain groups and groups of the population for various reasons, from ethnic to religious, both in Kazakhstan and in the territories of other republics of the former USSR. The article is devoted to the process of transformation of the social status of the inhabitants of the East Kazakhstan region, deprived of voting rights in the period 1926-1936. The author discusses the practice of the work of Soviet authorities and election commissions on the deprivation of this type of rights, analyzes the socio-economic and legal consequences of this repressive measure.

Addressing data gaps in environmental sensors: a case study on temporal patterns and restoration strategies in East Kazakhstan region

Nowadays, the monitoring systems embedded with diverse sensors within the Internet of Things play an important role in how we collect data and provide in-depth insights into human behavior, environmental trends, and different industrial processes. These sensors can gather data in real-time and due to their ability to connect through various communication interfaces, it is possible to integrate such devices into existing networks ensuring that data can be transmitted in real-time to central systems or mobile devices. However, many factors such as connectivity issues, severe weather, and sensor faults, might cause missing data, thus leading to poor decision-making. In this study, an in-depth analysis was performed on environmental meteorological data collected from May 2022 to March 2023 in the East Kazakhstan region using Vaisala WXT536 multi-parameter weather sensor. The data restoration strategy that is based on the duration of data gaps is evaluated. For short-term gaps under 30 minutes in duration, the mean and median imputation achieved higher results with a root mean squared error of 0.25 for temperature than training Random Forest algorithm which achieved 3.59, while for the extended periods of missing values, the Long Short-Term Memory model was utilized with 2.47 for the temperature. The main goal of the research is to analyze the temporal patterns of missing data and potential reasons for these failures as well as to evaluate the data restoration strategies.

DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PAEONIA ANOMALA (PAEONIACEAE) ONTOGENESIS IN KAZAKHSTAN

The article presents data on the distribution and biological features of the ontogenetic states of Paeonia anomala L. on the territory of Kazakhstan. The distribution of the species was established according to field research, observations, literature and materials of herbarium collections: MW, NUR and AA. The age of the plants was determined by the annual layers on the rhizomes of P. anomala. According to the data obtained, the main distribution area of P. anomala in Kazakhstan is located within the East Kazakhstan region, in the Katon-Karagai, Kurchum, Shemonaikha, Ulan and Zyryanovsky administrative districts. It is much less common in the Zhambyl and Almaty regions, the south-western border of the general distribution area of the species passes in these regions. Our studies have not confirmed the growth of P. anomala on the territory of the Kokchetav upland of the Kazakh small-grassland. The results of the research made it possible to establish in the ontogenesis of P. anomala L. 9 age-related conditions: latent state, seedlings, juvenile, immature, virginal, young generative, mature generative, old generative and senile. Life span of P. anomala in East Kazakhstan is 55-70 years old, sometimes more. In populations confined to the Subalpine belt and sparse forest cenoses, age spectra with an absolute maximum of the age cycle are characteristic.

INTESTINAL PARASITES OF THE BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS LINNAEUS, 1758) IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION

The article analyzes the literature data and own research on the distribution and species composition of helminths and eimeria in brown bears in the East Kazakhstan region. The aim of the study was to identify a type of helminth in American black bears (Ursus americanus). The relatively low level of parasite detection in this study is in line with expectations for populations of brown bears (Ursus arctos) living in large areas. Tasks: to identify and study the type of helminths in the brown bear. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the brown bear has 17 species of helminths (including 3 species of trematodes and 14 species of nematodes) and 2 species of protozoa. Most of the discovered species of helminths, eimeria, cryptosporidia both in zoos, circuses, and in the natural habitat of brown bears: European, Siberian and Far Eastern parts of Russia have epizootological and epidemiological significance. For the first time, we registered bears in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.