East Godavari District Research Articles

A study on knowledge attitudes and practices on mal aria among tribal communities of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh

Background: Malaria is one of the world’s important parasitic diseases ever known to mankind. The global toll of malaria in 2010 there were an estimated 216 million cases of malaria worldwide. India is predominantly characterized by unstable malaria transmission. In Andhra Pradesh among five endemic districts East Godavari is one. We made an attempt to report knowledge and practices on malaria regarding its causation, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.Methods: Using a systematic random method a total of 1136 participants were interviewed in four tribal P.H.C areas of East Godavari district. P.H.C‘s was identified by using a multistage random method. A semi-structured questionnaire which consists questions on malaria causation, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention were used as a tool to interview them. Data were entered into excel sheets and analysed by giving scorings and its categorization as good, average and poor.Results: Knowledge among study participants on Cause, diagnosis and treatment of malaria 41.67%, man mosquito contact among study participants- 22.53%. Attitude among study participants regarding cause, diagnosis and treatment of malaria 56.22%, mosquito breeding places 45.77%, prevention of man mosquito contact 46.71%. Practices among study participants on preventive practices on cause, diagnosis and treatment 49.56%, prevention of mosquito breeding places and man mosquito contact- 42.54%.Conclusions: In our study we found more knowledge regarding cause, diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Attitudes for prevention of mosquito breeding places are quite high. Less than half of the preventive practices were reported.

Case reports on malaria among tribal population in East Godavari district

Case reports on malaria among tribal population in East Godavari district

A Study on Factors Influencing Repurchasing Decision and Constraints Faced by Farmers Towards Mixed Fertilizer in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh

Mixed fertilizers play a major role in self-sufficiency in food production and helps in achieving higher yield. The present study was aimed to analyze the factors influencing repurchasing decision and constraints faced by farmers towards mixed fertilizers in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and Garette ranking technique. Logistic regression analysis revealed that satisfaction level and quality are showing significant relationship with willingness to repurchase towards mixed fertilizers. So higher satisfaction level and quality helps consumers to be loyal towards the mixed fertilizer. Lack of credit facility from dealers and wholesalers and non availability of all required medicines were the major constraints faced by the farmers in purchase of mixed fertilizers, hence providing credit facility by dealers and wholesalers may boost up the sales of mixed fertilizer in the market..

Ethnomedicine for Tooth Problems by the Tribes of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh

The paper deals with 19 plant species covering 17 genera and 16 families used by the tribes of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, for tooth problems. Leaf is used in 5 practices followed by stem bark and fruit (3 practices each) and others. 7 practices were found to be new or less known.

A study on socio-cultural factors and reproductive health of women with HIV/AIDS, in a tertiary care hospital, Kakinada, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh

Background: AIDS is a fatal disease caused by Human Immune-Deficiency Virus. Transmitted by sexual contact mainly heterosexuals, street children, adolescents, migrants are also major vulnerable group to affect. Social and cultural factors have a key role in transmission of the disease.Methods: A total of 303 positive HIV women in reproductive age group were interviewed to assess the socio-cultural factors and reproductive health among them, by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software.Results: Un-educated and un-employed women from nuclear family with early marriage, having predisposing factors of alcoholism, polygamous sexual relationship were affected in this study. Few of them still have sexual relations, majority of them not disclosing their disease status. Few of them facing social stigma and lacking of family support. Majority has access to treatment and they are on regular treatment. Their antenatal and post natal period is un-eventful. A few of them stopped breastfeeding to their babies. Majority have one or two children affected by disease in their family.Conclusions: In our study we found the Major predisposing factor for the disease are STDs, alcoholism and major route of transmission is through sexual contact. A few participants have extramarital polygamous relationship and maintaining confidentiality on their disease status. Majority were on regular treatment. Most of them were not practicing family planning methods.

Ksharasutra vs. fistulectomy for fistula in ano – A Randomized Controlled Trial in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India

Ksharasutra vs. fistulectomy for fistula in ano – A Randomized Controlled Trial in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India

Assessment of Chemical and Microbial Contaminations of Water in Mangrove Region of East Godavari District of India

Assessment of Chemical and Microbial Contaminations of Water in Mangrove Region of East Godavari District of India

A note on the occurrence of lichens on Vainateya Godavari mangroves in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh India

A note on the occurrence of lichens on Vainateya Godavari mangroves in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh India

<b>A new record of grass <I>Ottochloa</I> (Poaceae) to the Eastern Ghats, India</b>

Ottochloa Dandy (Poaceae), represented by Ottochloa nodosa collected from Maredumilli forests of East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, is being reported as a new distributional record to the state of Andhra Pradesh and the Eastern Ghats of India.

Ethnomedicine for Stomach Pain by the Tribes of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh

The paper deals with 24 species of plants used for curing stomach pain by the tribals of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. Leaf is used 7 in practices followed by root (6) and others. Fifteen practices were found to be new.

Cost and Returns Analysis of Coir Products: A Case of East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh

Cost and Returns Analysis of Coir Products: A Case of East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh

Denture Care Practices and Perceived Denture Status among Complete Denture Wearers.

Aims and Objectives:Considerable importance to oral health care was lacking in India, and oral health neglect continues to exist, which is evident in the low utilization rates and poor oral health status. Conventional dentures are the most common alternative in restoration of lost teeth. Without proper denture care practices, there is an increased risk of developing a multitude of problems. The aim of this study is to assess the denture care practices among complete denture wearers in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Prosthodontics at the Konaseema Institute of Dental Sciences, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh. Patients with self-care ability and adequate overall health who were using either single or full complete dentures for more than 6 months from the time of the study were requested to participate in the study. A total of 375 study participants were given a self-administered questionnaire on denture care practices followed by clinical examination of the denture status. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software for windows, version 20.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).Results:The majority of participants reported cleansing their dentures once a day, with brush and water, and had the habit of removing the dentures at night. Almost 80% of the participants reported their denture status to be good/fair. Clinical examination revealed that slightly more than half of the participants had poor denture status.Conclusion:This study highlights the need for improvement in patient education and counseling with respect to the maintenance of dentures and upkeep of denture hygiene. It also emphasizes the need for educating patients on how to evaluate the status of their dentures.

Role of DRDA in rural development: A study of two mandals in east Godavari District, A.P.

Role of DRDA in rural development: A study of two mandals in east Godavari District, A.P.

Role of Anthropometric Measurements in Development of CVD and Stroke among T2DM in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been associated with different variables of anthropometric measurements. To find out the association of anthropometric measurements in the development of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and stroke among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Three hundred subjects were included in the study out of which 100 subjects were known type 2 diabetics with CVD or Stroke (Group 1), 100 subjects were type 2 diabetic patients (Group 2) and 100 subjects were normal and healthy (Group 3). Blood Pressure (BP), Body Mass Index (BMI) Neck Circumference (NC), Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC), Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), high sensitive- C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Homocysteine (Hcy), microalbuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared between all three groups by using one-way ANOVA test, comparison between males and females by t-test and association was done by using Chi-square test. There were a significant difference in the means of anthropometric and biochemical parameters of the three groups (p<0.05). Diastolic BP, NC, WC, HC and homocysteine, are higher in T2DM obese patients than T2DM over weight and normal weight patients are statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean of levels systolic BP, Diastolic BP, hsCRP are higher in T2DM over weight patients than T2DM obese and normal weight patients are statistically significant (p<0.05). Association of physical activity, snoring and interrupted sleep with BMI was statistical significant (p<0.05). Obesity and overweight in T2DM patients play important role in elevation of blood pressure and inflammation markers like hsCRP, homocysteine. Snoring and interrupted sleep also involved development of CVD and Stroke among T2 diabetes.

Eco-Tourism dimensions and directions in India: An empirical study of Andhra Pradesh

The ambit of Eco-Tourism includes ecological, economic and community aspects. An attempt has been made in the present study to present a snapshot view of Eco-Tourism in several ASEAN Countries viz., Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Lao PDR, a panoramic view in India and Maredumilli, Andhra Pradesh, a Sun Rise State in specific. Maredumilli, an Eco-Tourist Spot, a Village and a Mandal in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh was selected for the study and Factor Analysis was performed on 27-item constructs and Exploratory Factor Analysis is adopted to figure out the underlying dimensions of Eco-Tourism services. The results show that the service quality at Maredumilli is below the expectations of tourists i.e., -0.17, and the two new ‘Tangible Sustainability and Sustainable Practices’ fulfilling the needs of tourists and Service providers. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity revealed a Chi-Square at 1295.325 (p <. 000). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) showed KMO of 0.861 which is higher than the suggested 0.6. Cronbach's α, is above 0.6 reveals that support the internal cohesiveness of the items forming each factor. The study is purely diagnostic and empirical in nature and considers dimensions vis-a-vis directions, assesses the impact and incidence of additional dimension i.e., Sustainability, analyses the future prospects of Eco-Tourism in Andhra Pradesh and suggests prospective ways to encourage Eco-Tourism in Andhra Pradesh in general and Maredumilli in specific.

Isolation of dacrocystitis causing bacteria among the patients of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh

Introduction: Inflammation of the lacrimal sac, dacryocystitis is one of the important causes of ocular morbidity in Indian subcontinent.Objective: To isolate and identify the aerobic bacterial pathogens associated with dacryocystitis and to determine their antibacterial sensitivity pattern.Materials and methods: A total of 304 individuals were included in the study. Blocked tissue / pus was collected and microbial analysis was done.Results: Infection rate was more in the female than male, statistically highly significant (p&lt;0.0001). The culture positivity was 91% (277/304), infection rate was maximum at the age of 40-50 years {200/204, 98% (p&lt;0.0001)}. In culture positive cases gram positive cocci is commonly isolated. Most of gram positive bacteria are sensitive to Chloramphenicol. Gram negative bacteria were sensitive to Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol and Ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: Knowledge of the bacteriology of dacryocystitis and the susceptibility of the bacteria towards antibiotics helped the needy for proper treatment, so that time as well as money can be saved.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.399-402

Ethnomedicine for Ringworm by the Tribals of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh

The paper deals with 31 species of plants covering 28 genera and 21 families used for curing ringworm by the tribals of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. Fabaceae and Caesalpiniaceae are the dominant families with 3 species each followed by Malvaceae and Oleaceae with 2 species each and others. Habit-wise analysis showed the dominance of shrubs (13) followed by herbs (10), trees (7) and a lone climber. Morphological analysis showed the maximum utilization of leaf in 13 practices followed by root (6), whole plant (4), fruit and stem bark (3 each) and others.

Upper Primary Education among Scheduled Castes: A Study of Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh

The caste-based stratification of society adversely affected the equality of educational opportunities to the disadvantage of the groups like Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), as they were engaged in traditional family occupations, which did not require any kind of formal education or special training. This situation persisted through the ages and the depressed classes continued to be deprived of educational opportunities, which were controlled by the upper castes. In this context, the present article aims to compare educational status of SCs at upper primary stage with non-SCs in government and private schools in Visakhapatnam and East Godavari districts in coastal region of Andhra Pradesh. The article seeks to place SCs vis-à-vis non-SCs in terms of gender issue among students in class; management of the school; transport facilities for schools; drinking water and toilet facilities as well as other infrastructure facilities and scope of implementation of welfare schemes, etc., in both government and private schools in the given area. It is observed that there is not much difference between SCs and non-SCs in respect of admissions, hostel facilities, library facilities, computer facilities, etc., for the students studying in the government schools. However, they were not adequate to cover all the SCs aspiring to study and that often resulted in students (about 33 per cent) seeking admission in private schools. Importantly, the SC students in government schools could avail the scholarships, freeships like books, school uniforms, etc., but this facility is not available to the SCs studying in private schools. Thus, there is a need for the government to take appropriate and immediate decision to improve the educational opportunities of SCs in private schools also.

Micro Entrepreneurial activities among Tribal Women in Andhra Pradesh

Micro enterprises account for most employment in developing countries and three quarters of the women make or supplement livelihood through these enterprises in both rural and urban areas. But it is not always a trouble-free for women to take-up these activities who has to overcome various socio cultural hurdles and limited available resources. The present study aims to find out the structural attributes of Koya tribal society contributed to take-up these activities. The study also evaluated the level of involvement of tribal women in enterprise management and constraining factors associated with entrepreneurial activities. The sample size of 210 Koya women entrepreneurs from 6 blocks of Rampachodavaram Revenue division of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh were selected by using purposive Snowball technique. Mixed research methods (both quantitative and qualitative) were applied to collect and analyze the data. Quantitative methods like interview schedule and 10 point Enterprise Involvement index were used for collection of the socio economic traits, enterprise details, enterprise involvement and constraints faced by them. The qualitative methods i.e. focus group discussions, observations and in depth interviews were applied for analyzing the structural attributes of the Koya tribal society. The findings explored that to earn more through enterprises were main economic motive for tribal women entering into entrepreneurial activities at the bottom of the pyramid market limiting their activities to their small geographical areas. Government interventions and training also motivated the women to take up micro entrepreneurial activities. The study also describes the structural attribute of Koya society where women are treated as economic asset robustly influence them to endeavor into entrepreneurial activities without any socio cultural hurdles irrespective of agricultural background. The extent of involvement of women in enterprise management, projected through enterprise involvement index shows that the time spent by Koya women on entrepreneurial activities was reported to be highest and membership in community organizations was found to be the lowest score on 10 point dimensional scale. Stiff competition with non tribals, lack of access to credit, inadequate knowledge and awareness about marketing strategies and weak transport system were constraints mentioned by women in carrying out entrepreneurial activities.

Identification of Potential Habitat Patches for Connectivity Using Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and Integral Index of Connectivity (IIC) at East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Connectivity of potential habitat patches has become essential for the biodiversity conservation and protection. In Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) of IDRISI software, Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) module facilitates to choose the potential habitat patches for connectivity analysis mainly based on the weights given through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Digital Elevation Model, Slope, Disturbance Index layer, Road and natural vegetation layers are the different parameters considered for the WLC analysis along with the Biologcial Richness Layer. AHP results showed 0.05 consistency ratio. WLC generated outputs are applied in the graph theory based Conefor Sensinode 2.6 software. Integral Index of Connectivity (IIC) with special emphasis on each habitat’s importance value (dIIC: Integral Index of Connectivity importance value for each habitat patch in comparison with all the habitat patches of the entire study area based on network analysis and graph theory approach) are analyzed to understand the habitat patch connectivity. Perspective component chosen through dIIC served huge amount of information regarding the potential patches for further intensive field analysis. Spatial analyst tools of ArcGIS helped to find the paths between the chosen source and destination. The two paths generated from WLC and dIIC layer passed through the identified potential habitat patches (A, B, C and D). Thus, these two methods played important role in biodiversity conservation and maintenance of these potential patches. Decision support analysis through WLC, coupled with graph theory based dIIC facilitated to identify the potential patches and the corresponding path efficiently.