East Facades Research Articles

Optimization of the Air-Conditioning Energy Performance and Daylight Performance of AResidential Building According to the Bioclimatic Design Principles: An Application to the Moroccan Mediterranean

The bioclimatic architecture concept refers to an approach that takes into account the various characteristics of a building environment to make it more comfortable for its occupants. This work aims to improve the passive design parameters of an air-conditioned residential building located in the north of Morocco, in accordance with bioclimatic principles. The bioclimatic chart diagram is used to select the passive design measures that are the most appropriate for the north Morocco climate characteristics. Then, a set of design parameters are selected for more delimitation in the optimization study. The optimization problem is multi-objective and aims to find the design solution that simultaneously includes the best air-conditioning energy performance and daylight performance. The obtained results showed that the multi-objective optimum design solution is characterized by massive walls and roof, exterior insulation, double window glazing type, and a high summer ventilation rate. Also, a small glazing area with a large sun-shading covering is needed for the east facade. Ultimately, the building performance analysis revealed that the optimum bioclimatic design solution fully meets the requirements establishedby the Moroccan Building Thermal Regulation (MBTR), leading to an energy performance improvement of about 52%.

Optimal Design of Tilted Building Envelope Considering Air Conditioning Energy Demand, Daylight Utilization and Glare Protection—Case Study

An important energy-saving method to optimize building envelope design is the integration of local climate characteristics. This study attempts to find sloped facade configurations to balance air conditioning energy demand and daylight utilization for four directions in an area with a hot climate. Tilt angle dependence of the air conditioning energy demand, useful daylight illuminance (UDI) and daylight glare index (DGI) are selected to investigate the acceptance thresholds of the tilt angle. The final facade’s configuration is achieved by employing the graphical optimization method. An acceptable solution that balances better daylight performance and less energy consumption by air conditioning is developed. Due to the considered city being located in a low-latitude area with great daylight availability as well as a fully dimmable light control strategy, unbearable glare reduction can be achieved by benefiting from the sloped facades, without necessarily sacrificing much usable daylight. Meanwhile, there is no obvious increase in the demand for lighting energy consumption, and a good outward view is preserved. The sloped rather than vertical facade provides natural solar shading to the east-, south- and west-oriented windows while allowing low-angle winter solar heat to warm the building space. Tilt angles between 35°and 40° are preferred for the east facade, and smaller tilt angles of between 30°and 35° are recommended for the south facade. Larger tilt angles of between 40°and 45° are preferred for the west facade. However, the north-facing facade’s outward tilt would cause an undesirable increase in air conditioning energy demand. The annual air conditioning energy demand of the east-, south- and west-facing space is found to separately decrease by 7.1%, 7.3% and 9.9%, respectively, benefiting from the sloped facades.

Experimental Investigation of the BIPV System under Şanlıurfa Meteorological Conditions

In this study, under the meteorological conditions of Şanlıurfa, Turkey, some parameter studies were conducted to more efficiently utilize Building Integrated Photovoltaic BIPV systems placed on different facades of a building. For this purpose, one single-sided (monofacial) panel was placed on both the roof and the east facade. As an innovation brought about by this study, both bifacial and monofacial panels with the same production potential were compared under the same conditions on the south facade. In addition, to enhance the production performance of the rear surface of the bifacial panel, a reflector was placed on the wall surface by leaving a gap between the wall and the panel. The experimental study was conducted between February and July. In addition, the building model created experimentally was analyzed monthly using the PVsyst program for a duration of one year. According to the study results, in the 6-month BIPV experimental application, the electrical production of the bifacial panel was found to be 15.1% higher than that of the monofacial panel under the same conditions. In addition, based on the 1-year results in the PVsyst analysis, the bifacial panel demonstrated a 5.86% higher production performance compared with the monofacial panel. This demonstrates that the efficiency of the bifacial panel in the experimental setup was enhanced by placing a reflective surface on the structure wall behind it. According to the complete annual analysis results obtained from the PVsyst analysis, the bifacial panel in the south produced 401.65 kWh, the monofacial panel produced 379.41 kWh, the panel on the eastern facade produced 313.34 kWh, and the rooftop panel, where the highest production was recorded, generated 505.64 kWh of energy. Therefore, it is anticipated that the use of bifacial panels with reflective surfaces on the roof under the meteorological conditions of Şanlıurfa will demonstrate the highest performance for the BIPV system.

Thermal Calculation for the Implementation of Green Walls as Thermal Insulators on the East and West Facades in the Adjacent Areas of the School of Biological Sciences, Ricardo Palma University (URP) at Lima, Peru 2023

This research aims to implement green walls as thermal insulators on the east and west facades of the adjacent areas of the School of Biological Sciences at Ricardo Palma University. The growth of urban cities causes an increase in CO2 emissions and the loss of agricultural land. The methodology applied involves evaluating the thermal behavior, analyzing the local climate, and assessing plant species for implementation. As a result, the successful implementation of green walls on the east and west facades was achieved, which has proven to effectively reduce wall heating, decrease the temperature rise in nearby spaces, and minimize reliance on artificial ventilation systems. This has led to energy and cost savings, decreased CO2 emissions, and increased oxygen production. By implementing green walls on the east facade, there has been an increase of 60.73% in comfort hours, while on the west facade, there has been an increase of 64.28% in comfort hours. In addition, a total of 977.50 kg of CO2 has been absorbed, resulting in 722.50 kg of purified air. In conclusion, green walls have proven to be a viable solution to the problems faced in urban cities, helping to mitigate the internal temperature of indoor spaces.

Optimalisasi Konservasi Energi Bangunan Bertingkat melalui Pilihan Material Kaca sebagai Fasad

<p><em>Box-shaped buildings covered by glass and minimal shading elements are increasingly common</em><em>, then</em><em> </em><em>causes </em><em>more</em><em> large building energy consumption. This </em><em>research</em><em> aims to analyze the selection of the most optimal glass material for the Undip Integrated Laboratory Building, so that the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) of the building is expected to meet the SNI 6389:2020 standard. The research was conducted with an experimental quantitative approach using a spreadsheet calculator OTTV Microsoft Excel of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The simulation is divided into three treatment variations, namely variations in BNFL glass thickness; variations in the color of Panasap's glass; and various types of glass. The results show that glass materials with good thermal properties have low shading coefficient (SC), solar factor (SF), and U-value. In addition, the brighter and thicker the glass material, the better the thermal performance. The Undip Integrated Laboratory Building has a total OTTV that meets SNI 6389:2020 standards. However, if viewed partially, the OTTV of the east facade of the building needs to be retrofitted.</em></p>

Net-zero energy retrofit of rural house in severe cold region based on passive insulation and BAPV technology

To significantly reduce non-renewable resources and carbon emissions of rural houses, this study investigates to retrofit an existing house into net-zero energy consumption rural house (NZERH). The integral passive energy-saving retrofit and building attached/applied photovoltaic (BAPV) technique are innovatively combined and used in a typical rural house in severe cold areas of China. Self-developed foam cement insulation materials with different thicknesses are added to the envelope to meet the U-values of the two energy-saving standards, and the construction technology of field-cast without demoulding formwork is adopted to increase the integrity and airtightness , and in addition, the external windows are replaced. The photovoltaic (PV) systems at the different positions of the envelope are designed and their power generation is estimated by PVsyst software. The energy consumption and cost of seven combination cases of retrofits and PV systems in NZERH are compared. The results indicate that the insulation thickness of Case R1 and Case R2 is 60 mm (wall) and 50 mm(roof), 240 mm (wall) and 180 mm (roof), respectively. The electrical energy efficiency in the roof (PV1) is the highest, followed by the south facade , and the east facade is the lowest. Case R2 & PV1 of the lower U-value envelope and grid-connected PV system in the roof is the optimal case, which cost is 22826.84 CNY, and the payback period is 5.1 years. The optimization method and results can facilitate the development of clean construction and zero-carbon operation for NZERHs.

Reconstruction of the Design of the General Entrance to the Mine Temple at Abu Erteila by Surviving Architectural Details

The Russian-Italian mission has been conducting archaeological excavations of the temple complex at Abu Erteila (Sudan) since 2009. In recent years, two temples of different sizes have been discovered – the so-called main and small, belonging to the Meroitic period of the Kingdom of Kush. The earlier analysis of the architectural details found near the main temple and the comparative analysis of its layout with similar temples of the same period allowed to make its general reconstruction, but there were still open questions about the details of the decoration of the general, internal and lateral passages of the temple. Temples built with combined materials (mud brick, fired brick and sandstone), such as the temple at Abu Erteila, have been preserved in a severely damaged state and not all of them have been fully published or reconstructed. Therefore, this reconstruction was mainly based on the sandstone temples, the details of which are better preserved and which have been reconstructed. The analysis of the shape, surfaces and plasters of the architectural details allows to ground some of them as belonging to the decoration of the general entrance to the temple and make conjecture about the location on the main (east) facade. The general entrance features an architrave above the entrance, ending in a two-tiered cavetto cornice but without a crowning uraeus frieze; the corner elements of the cornice had a vertical rectangular incision, the only known analogue of which decorates the entrance to the lion temple at Musawarat as-Sufra. Although the ancient builders were guided in the details by sandstone constructions, the use of simpler materials (mud brick and fired brick) may still have imposed restrictions on the choice of decoration elements towards the simpler ones.

A New Design Proposal for Perforated Solar Screens and Optimization in terms of Solar Control

With the use of Perforated Solar Screen (PSS), solar gains are controlled, cooling loads are reduced, and comfort conditions can be achieved while using its energy efficiently. Nowadays, the use of PSS is increased, especially in large, glazed facades. The design of PSS needs to develop and optimize for the temperate humid climate. A new design proposal is presented by considering the basic principles in terms of providing solar control by PSS within the scope of the study. The optimization of the design proposal has been carried out in terms of solar radiation, Annual Sun Exposure (ASE), and View with the use of Rhinoceros/Grasshopper by considering the design variables (angle, perforation ratio, width, and distance, etc.) of the PSS. An optimum design proposal has been presented for the existing classroom (transparency ratio: 60%) on the southern facade. Thermal comfort and surface temperature have been calculated. Design proposals can be developed for the west and east facades by using the method of this study.

Ba'rûr Inn Based on the Results of Archaeological Excavations and Cleaning Works

Urfa ilinden 67 km. Harran ilçesinden ise 23 km. uzaklıkta bulunan Ba‛rûr Hanı, Harran ilçesinin Tek Tek Dağları bölgesindedir. H. 619 M.1219-1220 yılında inşa ettirilmiş olan ve günümüzde Anadolu sınırları içerisinde kalmış, bilinen tek Eyyubî hanıdır. Ba‛rûr Hanı, mimari olarak ortadaki kareye yakın büyük dikdörtgen bir avlu ile bu avlunun etrafındaki mekânlardan ve kuzey tarafındaki giriş kısmından oluşmaktadır. Avlunun kuzey tarafında giriş eyvanı, güney tarafında ise yapının ana eyvanı yer almaktadır. Giriş eyvanının doğu tarafında mescid, batı tarafında han görevlilerine ait olduğu düşünülen bir oda bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca hanın giriş kapısının tam karşısında, bir kuyu ile kuyunun doğu tarafında küçük bir yapı kalıntısı ve hanın kuzeybatı tarafındaki büyükçe bir yapı kalıntısı bulunmaktadır. Ba‛rûr Hanı, 2018 yılında Kültür Bakanlığı tarafından onarım programına alındığından yapıda onarıma başlanmadan önce, 2018 yılının ekim ayında başlanmış olan, arkeolojik kazı ve temizlik çalışmaları 2019 yılının şubat ayında tamamlanmıştır. Günümüzde metruk durumda bulunan Ba‛rûr Hanı’nda, avluda, avlunun her iki tarafında bulunan ve yapının tamamına yakınını dolaşan genişçe bir koridor şeklindeki mekânlarda, bu mekânlara açılan nişlerde, yapının köşe mekânlarında, güney ve doğu cephelerinde olmak üzere, yapının yaklaşık olarak tamamında arkeolojik kazı ve temizlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ba‛rûr Han’da, yapılan arkeolojik kazı ve temizlik çalışmaları sonucunda, moloz ve toprak altında kalan kısımları açığa çıkarılarak, yapının bilinmeyen ve eksik kısımları ile malzeme özellikleri kesinleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmayla Ba‛rûr Han’ın tarihçesi, mimari özellikleri ve mimarlık tarihi açısından değerlendirmesi ve tanıtılması amaçlanmamış, Ba‛rûr Han’ında yapılan arkeolojik kazı ve temizlik çalışmalarının sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Eminönü Çuhacı Han’ın Tarihsel ve Mimari İrdelemesi, Koruma Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri

İstanbul’un Eminönü semtinde yer alan Çuhacı Han, 1728 yılında sadrazam Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa tarafından çuha ticaretiyle uğraşanlar için inşa ettirilmiş, günümüzde kuyumcu esnafı tarafından kullanılmakta olan tek avlulu, revaklı ve üç katlı plan tipine sahip şehir içi hanlarındandır. Kapalıçarşı’ya çok yakın olması sebebiyle sirkülasyonun yoğun olduğu hana zaman içinde kullanıcıların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda pek çok ek yapılmış, yapı özgün halinden kısmen uzaklaşmıştır. Bunun yanında, rüzgâr, yağmur gibi atmosferik olayların da etkisiyle günümüzde yapı malzemeleri üzerinde bozulmalar görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Çuhacı Han’ı oluşturan mimari öğeler ve malzemeler incelenmiş, hanın korunmasında sorun oluşturan etmenler açığa çıkarılmıştır. Buna göre yapının öncelikle muhdes eklerinden ayıklanması gerekmektedir. Bu ekler, strüktüre zarar veren ağır bir betonarme merdiven ile özgün halinde açık olan üst kat revaklarının dolgularıdır. İhtiyaç dahilinde yapılmış saçak, tente ve üst kat revaklarının kapatılmasında kullanılan cam gibi ekler ise hanın özgün halinde olmamasına rağmen, işlevsel olduklarından ve çağdaş malzeme ile yapıldıklarından, koruma konusunda tehdit yaratmamaktadır. Eklerin haricinde yapıdaki malzemeler üzerinde özellikle su etkisi sebebiyle pek çok malzeme bozulması tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada, yapıda görülen malzeme bozulmaları sıralanmış, bunlar için koruma önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Söz konusu sorunlara gereken müdahalenin yapılması ve tedbirlerin alınması, sonrasında yapının sürekli bakımının sağlanması, tarihimizde önemli yeri olan bu kültür varlığının, özgün haline en yakın şekilde gelecek nesillere aktarılmasında büyük rol oynamaktadır.

Determining the optimal window size of office buildings considering the workers' task performance and the building's energy consumption

In office buildings, the workers' task performance and the buildings' energy consumption may differ greatly by window size. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal window-to-wall ratio (WWR) considering the workers' task performance and the energy consumption in office buildings. To analyze the workers' task performance by WWR, cognitive tests and the NASA-Task Load Index test were conducted in a virtual environment. To calculate the energy consumption of the office building, building energy performance simulation was conducted using a large office building of the Department of Energy. Finally, multi-objective optimization was conducted to determine the optimal WWR by building facade orientation. As a result, it was shown that increasing the WWR in an office building can increase the workers' task performance and decrease the workers’ task load. The 60% WWR showed the highest task performance and the lowest task load. As a result, the optimal WWRs in the office building were 44.47% for the East facade, 50.58% for the South facade, 44.37% for the West facade, and 40.95% for the North facade. It is expected that this study will help in determining the window size that is suitable for the building facade when designing office buildings that can realize both energy efficiency and a healthy work environment.

Optimization of passive design features for a naturally ventilated residential building according to the bioclimatic architecture concept and considering the northern Morocco climate

Improving the wellbeing of the occupants is the main challenge in the building design field. This work aims optimizing the design of a free-running residential building located in northern Morocco according to the bioclimatic architecture concept. In the first stage, an analysis of the bioclimatic chart has been done to find the best passive design strategies for the northern Morocco climate. Based on the results of the analysis, a set of passive design parameters has been selected to be considered in a building thermal and lighting energy performance optimization. A case study of a family detached residential building is considered for this purpose. The optimization problem is multi-objective, so the Pareto front approach was used to select the best design solution. Finally, a monthly assessment of the thermal and lighting energy performance of the chosen design solution is presented. The main results show that applying exterior insulation with a thick thermal mass layer is best for thermal performance enhancement. A wider glazed area with small overhang depth is more suitable for the south facade. For the east facade, the best solution is to limit the glazed area and increase the overhang depth. The importance of natural night ventilation for summer cooling has been also confirmed. This study can serve as a reference for building designers in northern Morocco while developing their projects.

Performance of BIPV modules under different climatic conditions

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology has gained attention as a solution to achieve low energy buildings. However, unlike conventional PV applications, BIPVs typically operate at non-optimal orientation, imposed by the building geometry. Moreover, the building integration reduces the heat exchange to the exterior, leading to higher temperatures. This paper investigates the performance of BIPV modules in different locations by simulating a representative office room in a high-rise building having a BIPV facade. The locations considered are Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Seville (Spain), Naples (Florida, USA), Cape Town (South Africa), and Munich (Germany). The facade is vertical and faces the equator for all locations. Results show the highest annual BIPV energy yield occurs in Seville, followed by Cape Town, Riyadh, and Naples. In terms of monthly yields, the highest values are observed in Riyadh and Seville in wintertime. Monthly yield is more uniform over the year in Munich, while important differences between summer and winter have been obtained for Riyadh. These results confirm the influence of the latitude on the BIPV yield, with equator-facing facades in high latitudes receiving up to 40 % less irradiation compared to a horizontal surface, with important reductions especially in the summer. In these locations, the use of west and east facades may be necessary to achieve a balanced profile over the year. Moreover, the highest average cell temperatures occur in Riyadh, Naples and Seville, while lowest temperatures are verified in Cape Town and Munich, which is consistent with the corresponding ambient temperatures. Finally, with lower BIPV temperatures and relatively high solar irradiation, Cape Town achieves the highest performance ratio (PR) values. Conversely, the combination of high solar irradiation and high temperatures leads to lower PR values in Riyadh and Seville

Thermal comfort guidelines for production spaces within multi-storey garment factories located in Bangladesh

This research presents extensive field data on indoor thermal conditions along with workers' comfort votes taken at their workstations within three existing multi-storied garment factories during the three seasons (cool-dry, hot-dry and warm-humid) of Bangladesh. The main objective of the study was to observe the impact of thermal conditions on workers’ indoor thermal perception during each season of a year and from this identify thermal comfort guidelines (e.g. neutral temperatures, comfort ranges, preferred airspeeds and directions) to execute their production work comfortably. Subjective votes were collected from a total of 908 workers with the thermal data, physiological data and adaptive measures recorded simultaneously. Statistical analyses revealed that workers can accept a wider and relatively higher comfort range than the predicted band during cool-dry and hot-dry seasons, for instance, 22.7–29.1 °C and 22.3–30.4 °C respectively. A narrower comfort band (e.g. 28.7–30.9 °C), close to the predicted range, was found during the warm-humid season, which can be maintained by reducing radiant temperature and elevating airspeed. Further analyses indicated that workers prefer a mean airspeed of 0.3 m/s and comfort range of 0–3.0 m/s specific to their activities preferably from inlets located on south, north and east facades while upward and downward air movement, from for example ceiling fans, causes a rise of air temperature in the occupational zone and thermal discomfort. This research also suggested that the maximum distances of workstations from the ventilation inlets (windows) should be maintained at 12–18 m for sufficient cross ventilation, personal controls and adaptive opportunities to help maintain preferred thermal condition.

Mixed-mode office buildings: energy savings and illuminance levels in a high-altitude tropical climate

Edifícios de modo misto (MM), os quais usam ventilação natural e resfriamento mecânico para proporcionar conforto térmico e economia de energia, tem um grande potencial em climas onde o uso da ventilação natural é favorável (ex. Brasil). Nesses edifícios, as janelas operáveis são fontes tanto de ventilação natural quanto iluminação e ganhos internos, e suas características podem influenciar no consumo de energia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho energético e luminoso de edifícios de modo-misto com janelas operáveis em um clima tropical de altitude no Brasil. Considerando variações nos parâmetros do envelope (percentual de abertura na fachada e orientação solar), o desempenho é avaliado em relação à economia de energia, tempo de uso do ar condicionado, período de utilização da ventilação natural e o balanço entre a demanda de energia e os níveis de iluminância. O método é composto por simulações computacionais nos programas Daysim e EnergyPlus. Os resultados mostraram que a estratégia de modo-misto tem um grande potencial para reduzir o consumo do ar condicionado. As grandes reduções ocorreram nos maiores PAFs, atingindo 39,4% de economia de energia (fachada norte, PAF = 80%). Apesar disso, enquanto o maior PAF forneceu maior disponibilidade de ventilação natural, aumentou o desconforto devido a elevadas iluminâncias, atingindo cerca de 90% da área do escritório. Portanto, quando o modo misto foi usado, os casos com melhor equilíbrio entre níveis adequados de iluminância e baixo consumo de energia foram a fachada sul com todos os PAFs e as fachadas leste e oeste com PAF de 30%. É importante ressaltar que a adoção destas soluções depende dos requisitos de projeto do edifício.

Assessing the Cooling Benefits of Tree Shade by an Outdoor Urban Physical Scale Model at Tempe, AZ

Urban green infrastructure, especially shade trees, offers benefits to the urban residential environment by mitigating direct incoming solar radiation on building facades, particularly in hot settings. Understanding the impact of different tree locations and arrangements around residential properties has the potential to maximize cooling and can ultimately guide urban planners, designers, and homeowners on how to create the most sustainable urban environment. This research measures the cooling effect of tree shade on building facades through an outdoor urban physical scale model. The physical scale model is a simulated neighborhood consisting of an array of concrete cubes to represent houses with identical artificial trees. We tested and compared 10 different tree densities, locations, and arrangement scenarios in the physical scale model. The experimental results show that a single tree located at the southeast of the building can provide up to 2.3 °C hourly cooling benefits to east facade of the building. A two-tree cluster arrangement provides more cooling benefits (up to 6.6 °C hourly cooling benefits to the central facade) when trees are located near the south and southeast sides of the building. The research results confirm the cooling benefits of tree shade and the importance of wisely designing tree locations and arrangements in the built environment.

ANALYSIS, THEMATIC MAPS AND DATA MINING FROM POINT CLOUD TO ONTOLOGY FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

Abstract. The primary purpose of the survey for the restoration of Cultural Heritage is the interpretation of the state of building preservation. For this, the advantages of the remote sensing systems that generate dense point cloud (range-based or image-based) are not limited only to the acquired data. The paper shows that it is possible to extrapolate very useful information in diagnostics using spatial annotation, with the use of algorithms already implemented in open-source software. Generally, the drawing of degradation maps is the result of manual work, so dependent on the subjectivity of the operator. This paper describes a method of extraction and visualization of information, obtained by mathematical procedures, quantitative, repeatable and verifiable. The case study is a part of the east facade of the Eglise collégiale Saint-Maurice also called Notre Dame des Grâces, in Caromb, in southern France. The work was conducted on the matrix of information contained in the point cloud asci format. The first result is the extrapolation of new geometric descriptors. First, we create the digital maps with the calculated quantities. Subsequently, we have moved to semi-quantitative analyses that transform new data into useful information. We have written the algorithms for accurate selection, for the segmentation of point cloud, for automatic calculation of the real surface and the volume. Furthermore, we have created the graph of spatial distribution of the descriptors. This work shows that if we work during the data processing we can transform the point cloud into an enriched database: the use, the management and the data mining is easy, fast and effective for everyone involved in the restoration process.

ANALYSIS, THEMATIC MAPS AND DATA MINING FROM POINT CLOUD TO ONTOLOGY FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

The primary purpose of the survey for the restoration of Cultural Heritage is the interpretation of the state of building preservation. For this, the advantages of the remote sensing systems that generate dense point cloud (range-based or image-based) are not limited only to the acquired data. The paper shows that it is possible to extrapolate very useful information in diagnostics using spatial annotation, with the use of algorithms already implemented in open-source software. Generally, the drawing of degradation maps is the result of manual work, so dependent on the subjectivity of the operator. This paper describes a method of extraction and visualization of information, obtained by mathematical procedures, quantitative, repeatable and verifiable. The case study is a part of the east facade of the Eglise collégiale Saint-Maurice also called Notre Dame des Grâces, in Caromb, in southern France. The work was conducted on the matrix of information contained in the point cloud asci format. The first result is the extrapolation of new geometric descriptors. First, we create the digital maps with the calculated quantities. Subsequently, we have moved to semi-quantitative analyses that transform new data into useful information. We have written the algorithms for accurate selection, for the segmentation of point cloud, for automatic calculation of the real surface and the volume. Furthermore, we have created the graph of spatial distribution of the descriptors. This work shows that if we work during the data processing we can transform the point cloud into an enriched database: the use, the management and the data mining is easy, fast and effective for everyone involved in the restoration process.

Long-term Monitoring and Simulations of the Daylighting and Thermal Performance of an Anidolic Daylighting System on a Tropical Urban House

A poorly lit interior due to high external obstruction from the neighbourhood is a common problem in dense urban settlements. To improve the daylighting performance; meanwhile, to maintain its thermal performance of a living room in a tropical urban house, an anidolic daylighting system (ADS) was applied on the east facade. Long-term monitoring and simulations were conducted before and after the ADS installation to assess the room's daylighting and thermal performance. The living room's daylight levels and the daylighting glare probability (DGP) were analyzed using Radiance and Evalglare based lighting simulation softwares. Design Builder was employed to observe the thermal impact of the application. Whereas, the long-term monitoring of the ADS performance covered field measurements of the living room's daylight levels, DGP, air temperature, relative humidity and ADS collector's surface temperature before and after the ADS installation. Long-term monitoring and simulation results prove that ADS is a promising solution for daylighting problems in tropical regions. It convincingly improved the daylight levels within the imperceptible glare range without the increasing of the indoor air temperature.

TARİHE TANIKLIK EDEN EVLERDEN BİR ÖRNEK: SALİHLİ MÜDİRE HANIM EVİ

Mudire Hanim House as an example of traditional Turkish domestic architecture was built in the early 20th century, located on the Salihli train station area. Built in 1901, according to the inscription on the east facade, the building wit­nessed the Turkish War of Independence and also some prominent historical events related to the history of the town. The house was used as headquarters by Cerkes Ethem sometime during the war and survived the Greek occupation for the sake of its owner's British nationality. Mudire Hanim House which survived the arson attempt of retreating Greek army in September 5, 1922, later expropriated and restored by Salihli Municipality as a monument, town ar­chive and museum especially to inform younger generations.