East Europeans Research Articles

Stanley B. Kimball. East Europeans in Southwestern Illinois: The Ethnic Experience in Historical Perspective. Edwardsville, Ill.: Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 1981. 45 leaves. (Research Report, Coordinator of Area Development, SIUE, no. 14)

Stanley B. Kimball. East Europeans in Southwestern Illinois: The Ethnic Experience in Historical Perspective. Edwardsville, Ill.: Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 1981. 45 leaves. (Research Report, Coordinator of Area Development, SIUE, no. 14) - Volume 10 Issue 1

Studies in Overseas Settlement and Population

This is a collection of papers by various authors. Part 1 is concerned with the overseas migration and settlement of 60 million Europeans during the period of colonization primarily during the nineteenth century. Consideration is also given to the migration of non-European populations within the colonial systems including Asian overseas settlement and labor migration in Western Europe and Southern Africa. Part 2 presents detailed case studies on New Zealand non-British migration to Australia the English in Natal and the Welsh in Patagonia the Indians in East Africa and the Caribbean East Europeans in Canada and Jewish settlement in Palestine

Adventurism and Pragmatism: The Soviet Union, Comecon, and Relations with African States

E VER since the intervention of Cuban troops in Angola the West has tended to see Southern Africa as a vast chessboard on which the Soviet Union can move its own pieces at will. Yet, although Moscow's global designs continue to claim our attention, it must be wondered whether too great an emphasis is placed on Soviet strategic intentions and too little on the interests of its East European allies. Many analysts, seemingly persuaded of the traditional threat, either overlook the East European connection entirely, dismiss it as politically insignificant, or recognise its importance only to reduce the East Europeans to the status of surrogates of the Soviet Union.' Too often they forget that the latter have economic interests of their own which cannot be lightly dismissed. What from a distance may appear as the actions of a bloc united in purpose, on closer inspection can often be seen as efforts to conserve or improve the position of its respective members. Nowhere is this diversity more apparent than in the conduct of relations with Africa; and the extent to which these various interests have brought the Soviet Union into dispute with its Eastern bloc allies forms the basis of the discussion which follows. This is not, of course, to deny the importance of Moscow's strategic interest in southern Africa. Soviet commentators frequently draw attention to the West's dependence on African resources, and the significance it attaches to the Cape sea route, as the reasons underlying Western interest in an orderly transfer of power in the region. 2 But to many East Europeans these strategic analyses seem much more ambiguous. However tempting it may be to embargo the free passage of shipping at the Cape the Russians have had to take account of political realities within the socialist world. The Russians may well have ambitions to exploit the West's vulnerability; the East Europeans are only too aware of their own.

Marx and transcendence of ethical humanism

A specter is haunting Eastern Europe ? the specter of humanistic Marxism. Given such events as the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, the con sistently punitive treatment of creative Marxists and the termination of the fert?e Yugoslav journal Praxis, the specter in question appears at this writing to be the ghost of dead possib?ities. Humanistic Marxism of the type developed by such East Europeans as Mihailo Marko vie and Svetozar Stojanovic, despite its merely theoretical status, constitutes an important internal chaUenge to totalitarian Marxism.1 East European humanistic Marxists appeal to Marx as the ph?osophical source of their call for the democratization of governmental and economic structures. Unfortunately these radical East European Marxists have been largely ineffec tive in moving those in power to institutionalize their interpretation of Marx. In terms of theory, however, the East European humanistic Marxists provide us with a significant alternative to the 'scientific' Communism developed by Soviet Marxists. Soviet Communists would, of course, take issue with the claim that they represent the negation of Marx's humanism, and they obviously want to argue that their 'scientific' Communism is consistent with Marx's own scien tific emphasis. They could argue that they were officially committed to a humanistic future long before their East European critics began to formulate their so-called humanistic alternative. It is, however, precisely the Soviet stress on the future ? on a deferred humanism ? which distinguishes its Communist program from that advocated by the radical Marxists of Eastern Europe. Although the Soviet Communists endorse a humanistic goal ? a democratic society in which the free development of every individual becomes an end-in itself they maintain that the realization of this goal must wait upon the creation of the proper material and social conditions. The achievement of full humanism, according to Soviet Marxists, must conform to scientifically dis coverable laws of historical development.2 The practical consequence of the Soviet reading of Marx is the subordination of individuals to laws of social development, as interpreted by Marxist social scientists under the direction of

Beyond Titoism

Abstract With the death of its president and founding father, Josip Broz Tito, this May, Yugoslavia faces a time of reckoning. But the perception of this period differs among Yugoslavs and among foreigners. Outside the country, anxiety focuses on a “succession crisis,” that is, the question of who will fill command power in Yugoslavia in the immediate future. This anxiety barely mutes an underlying hostility. East and West still view Yugoslavia in terms of an archetypal dual image — as both “good” communists and “bad" communists — and, understandably, neither East Europeans nor Americans and West Europeans find it easy to come to terms with the reflection of their own societies in this duality.

Scope, Nature, and Change in Inner-German Relations

W tEST GERMANY'S Ostpolitik has a long heritage. In the years following the Second World War Chancellor Adenauer-like Gustav Stresemann, after the First World War-sought to rectify German war guilt and restore national dignity through rehabilitation and integration with the West, while keeping German options open in the East. Traditionally, Germans have concluded that the best barometer of their stature as a world power has not been colonial expansion, but rather the exercise of control or hegemony in Eastern Europe. The West represented the main threat. For one thousand years, French policy was dedicated to the indefinite division of the Germans. Eastern Europe was the region for political and economic opportunities. For Adenauer, gaining respectability in the West by demonstrating responsibility was not only necessary for recovering national prestige and dignity, it was the only conceivable means for achieving reunification on Bonn's terms of self-determination and the establishment of common institutions. Bonn could deal with the Soviet Union only from a position of strength, which required unqualified integration into Western institutions. The construction of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 demonstrated that Adenauer's policy of inflexibility, strength, and 'maintained tensions' had failed to achieve even its minimal goals. Adenauer had linked reunification with the restoration of 'lost territories', which succeeded in unifying the East Europeans and the Russians behind the East German demands for international recognition as a viable and independent state. The construction of the Wall convinced West Germans of the need to reappraise the Federal Republic's general Eastern policy. Over several years, the Social Democratic Party (SPD) gradually realised that a modified stand toward East Germany (GDR) might provide both political leverage against the entrenched Christian Democratic Party (CDU) and improve the lot of the East German citizens. The SPD's Ostpolitik postulated that West Germany could

The blood coagulation and fibrinolytic enzyme systems in healthy adult Africans and Europeans--a comparative study.

In a comparative study of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy adult East Africans and Europeans, the Europeans were found to have some evidence of a relatively hypercoagulable state, and the European male had significantly reduced fibrinolytic activity and potential when compared to the African male. A parallel is drawn with the known prevalence of atheroma and thrombo-embolic disease in these populations and the suggestion made that the greater fibrinolytic activity of the African, perhaps resulting from a radically different diet, may account in large part for his relative freedom from atheromatous vascular disease.

Marketing in East Europe: A case history — Rank Xerox

For a variety of reasons not many articles on industrial marketing in East Europe have been published. In this paper Mr. G.S. Planner helps counteract the deficiency by kindly putting forward his own suggestions on ways of improving trading relationships with the East. Specifically he discusses the case history, and successful outcome, of Rank Xerox's planned attempt to improve their trade with the East Europeans. A rough estimate of annual growth rate of staff, employed in Mr. Planner's Department of East European Operations, is 170% per annum and it is reasonable to assume commensurate financial turnover. From this figure alone, our readers should obtain sufficient inducement to read this paper on Rank Xerox's ex post evaluation of some of the factors which contributed to their breakthrough into a market, where there is an unprecedented demand.

The fuel situation in Eastern Europe

Abstract : Eastern Europe is deficient in fuels, especially liquid fuels. The deficiency will worsen as the economic growth and industrialization of the area proceed according to plans and expectations. The Soviet Union, the major ally of the East European states and a major oil exporter cannot, and, in any case, probably would not fulfill expected bloc-nation requirements. Faced with such a situation the East Europeans will have to give serious consideration to the following alternatives: (1) Adopt a policy of fuel substitution and self-sufficiency with disastrous consequences for the cost of East European products. (2) Participate more actively in the expansion of oil extraction in the Soviet Union, chiefly through capital exports. (3) Improve the technology of its manufactured exports to the Soviet Union thus making it more worthwhile for the latter to export more oil to the area. (4) Strive seriously for a thorough change in the trade pattern to enable Eastern Europe to earn enough hard currency to purchase oil in the world market and establish a system of large-scale barter arrangements with the developing oil-producing countries, that is to say with the Middle East. (5) Search for new sources of energy which would mean building an impressive nuclear establishment. (Author)

Islam and socialism in Egypt

'The present Government of Egypt', wrote Doreen Warriner in 1957, 'has ideals but no ideology, as revolutionaries nowadays are expected to have. No single intellectual influence has been predominant. It combined pure nationalists and revolutionaries, held together by Colonel Nasser in a tense union for action.' Today, these words no more reflect the true situation in Egypt. Since 1961 the Egyptian rdgime has increasingly committed itself to 'Arab socialism' as the ideological basis of its policies, and has embarked upon a vigorous, if somewhat tortuous programme of socialization. This conversion to socialism was occasioned primarily by certain facts and developments in the internal life of Egypt. Her long tradition of central government, the consequences of growing contacts and dealings with the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and East Europeans, the Egyptianization of large British and French interests after the Suez War, the formation of the United Arab Republic in 1958 requiring co-ordination of economic policies bycareful planning, the Revolutionary rdgime's resentment at the aloofness of the rich classes from the national struggle for progress, and, finally, the disappointment which set in after the dissolution of union with Syria, have all been among the major factors prodding Egypt along the road to socialism.2

The Assessment of Ideological Influences on East Europeans

The Assessment of Ideological Influences on East Europeans

Summary statistics on indenture and associated migration affecting the West Indies, 1834–1918

Abstract This paper presents summary statistics of immigration into the West Indies, under indenture or government sponsorship, during the period 1834-1918. The sources reveal a few discrepancies, but are sufficiently consistent to permit the construction of a series for each of the ethnic groups introduced. Most of the problems involved in constructing these series centre around the fact that a variety of sources have to be utilised. Immigration figures of East Indians, Portuguese, Chinese, Europeans and others into the several West Indian colonies have been prepared for each calendar year or season, but to conserve space are presented here in summary form. In the case of African immigration it is possible to give their country of origin. The only group of immigrants who were involved in return movements of any consequence are the East Indians.

Outer Mongolia, 1957-1960

M CAJOR, BUT UNCONNECTED, EVENTS of the past three years in Mongolia' include a significant governmental purge in November I958 and March i959; the holding of the First International Congress of Mongolists in Ulan Bator, September i-8, i959; and a tremendous earthquake on December 4, I957. Chinese influence in the country continued to be important, activities of East Europeans in Mongolia increased, and the rate of collectivization of livestock herds was accelerated. Greater opportunities for Westerners to visit the country, more complete Soviet statistical information, and new studies by East Europeans and by the Mongols themselves, have combined to add significantly to our knowledge of the Mongolian People's Republic.2 The i958-i959 governmental and Party purge constituted an extensive shake-up, but Premier Tsedenbal has survived and apparently eliminated his major rival, Damba. The I959 First International Congress of Mongolists included 28 foreign representatives from I4 countries, with three American delegates, five Chinese and five Russian, and others from Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and Asia.3 The I957 earthquake occurred in the southwestern part of Outer Mongolia, in the Gobi Altai, and moved mountains and

Assets of East Europeans Impounded in the United States

Assets of East Europeans Impounded in the United States