Earth's Surface Research Articles

МЕТОДИКА РОЗРАХУНКУ ЗОН ПОКРИТТЯ ЦИФРОВОГО ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНОГО МОВЛЕННЯ

The introduction of DVB-T2 digital television broadcasting in the VHF waveband is currently underway, and test trials have already been conducted in some regions of Ukraine. To assess the effectiveness of the projects, it is of particular interest to compare the radio coverage areas of digital TV transmitters operating in the VHF and UHF wave bands. This requires extensive calculations for specific locations. For comparison, the city of Kyiv was chosen, where there is one multiplex MX-7 (8 TV channels) in the VHF band, and the following four multiplexes are represented in the UHF band: MX 1 (26 TV channels) and MX 3 (49 TV channels), which operate at the lowest and highest frequencies of the band. In this article, to predict the coverage areas of digital television broadcasting transmitters, the justification of the selected Longley-Rice radio wave propagation model is provided, which allows calculating the radio signal attenuation compared to free space propagation using terrain profiles (digital elevation maps) and the electrical characteristics of the Earth's surface, Taking into account the main mechanisms of radio wave propagation (interference on the line of sight, diffraction on irregular terrain, tropospheric scattering), it is more accurate and its results are closer to actual measurements. The calculations will be carried out using Radio Mobile software based on the Longley-Rice Irregular Terrain Model (ITM) and using Terrain Mission SRTM satellite maps with the possibility of further adding map data and roads from various sources. Based on the ITU R Recommendations on the design of DVB-T2 digital television broadcasting networks, the minimum required field strength to ensure reception with a given quality was calculated and the initial data for predicting the coverage areas of DVB-T2 digital television transmitters were prepared using the example of Kyiv. The proposed methodology and the data obtained will allow to calculate the boundaries of the coverage areas of DVB-T2 digital standard television transmitters in the VHF and UHF wave bands for selected television channels

Creating wildlife habitat using artificial structures: a review of their efficacy and potential use in solar farms.

The biodiversity crisis is exacerbated by a growing human population modifying nearly three-quarters of the Earth's land surface area for anthropogenic uses. Habitat loss and modification represent the largest threat to biodiversity and finding ways to offset species decline has been a significant undertaking for conservation. Landscape planning and conservation strategies can enhance habitat suitability for biodiversity in human-modified landscapes. Artificial habitat structures such as artificial reefs, nest boxes, chainsaw hollows, artificial burrows, and artificial hibernacula have all been successfully implemented to improve species survival in human-modified and fragmented landscapes. As the global shift towards renewable energy sources continues to rise, the development of photovoltaic systems is growing exponentially. Large-scale renewable projects, such as photovoltaic solar farms have large space requirements and thus have the potential to displace local wildlife. We discuss the feasibility of 'conservoltaic systems' - photovoltaic systems that incorporate elements tailored specifically to enhance wildlife habitat suitability and species conservation. Artificial habitat structures can potentially lessen the impacts of industrial development (e.g., photovoltaic solar farms) through strategic landscape planning and an understanding of local biodiversity requirements to facilitate recolonization.

Molecular Mechanism of Exogenous ABA to Enhance UV-B Resistance in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. by Modulating Flavonoid Accumulation.

With the depletion of the ozone layer, the intensity of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface increases, which in turn causes significant stress to plants and affects all aspects of plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of response to UV-B radiation in the endemic species of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. (R. chrysanthum) in the Changbai Mountains and to study how exogenous ABA regulates the response of R. chrysanthum to UV-B stress. The results of chlorophyll fluorescence images and OJIP kinetic curves showed that UV-B radiation damaged the PSII photosystem of R. chrysanthum, and exogenous ABA could alleviate this damage to some extent. A total of 2148 metabolites were detected by metabolomics, of which flavonoids accounted for the highest number (487, or 22.67%). KEGG enrichment analysis of flavonoids that showed differential accumulation by UV-B radiation and exogenous ABA revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were significantly altered. GO analysis showed that most of the DEGs produced after UV-B radiation and exogenous ABA were distributed in the cellular process, cellular anatomical entity, and catalytic activity. Network analysis of key DFs and DEGs associated with flavonoid synthesis identified key flavonoids (isorhamnetin-3-O-gallate and dihydromyricetin) and genes (TRINITY_DN2213_c0_g1_i4-A1) that promote the resistance of R. chrysanthum to UV-B stress. In addition, multiple transcription factor families were found to be involved in the regulation of the flavonoid synthesis pathway under UV-B stress. Overall, R. chrysanthum actively responded to UV-B stress by regulating changes in flavonoids, especially flavones and flavonols, while exogenous ABA further enhanced its resistance to UV-B stress. The experimental results not only provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanism of the response to UV-B stress in the R. chrysanthum, but also provide a valuable theoretical basis for future research and application in improving plant adversity tolerance.

An interoperable software system to store, associate, visualize, and publish global open science data of earth surface system

Multi-source heterogeneous, multi-modal, and multi-type open scientific data (e.g., thematic sharing sites, metadata, journal articles, etc.) on earth surface systems (EES) provide important data sources for knowledge mining, discovery, and accurate recommendations, and also pose increasing challenges, resulting in the need to develop appropriate tools to address these challenges and support decision-making. This paper constructs an interoperable software system to store, visualize, and publish open science data of ESS. Utilizing an open scientific data catalogue repository encompassing EES information as foundational input and employing an integrated modeling methodology, this system endeavors to synthesize heterogeneous surface data of diverse linguistic, sourced, and typological origins. The objective is to facilitate multidimensional data retrieval and precise data auto-recommendation, thereby fostering the dissemination of scientific data and facilitating value-added services within EES domain. The tool may be used by stakeholders including researchers, data analysts, policymakers and national authorities to support decision-making on questions ranging from locating the location of open data related to the topic, to discovering high-quality data, selecting the data with the better overall evaluation. Along with a description of the system/platform design process, its structure, and the constituent models, key results are presented relating to the user interface, and several application examples. Software systems can help modelers to use the best features of a single software tool to answer open scientific data-related questions that seek to discovery, use, comparison or synthesis within or across topics of ESS.

Identification of Groundwater Aquifers Using Geoelectric Methods with Schlumberger Configuration in Peatland Areas, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

The geoelectric-resistivity method with Schlumberger configuration is commonly used for groundwater exploration. This method helps identify changes in the resistivity of rock layers beneath the Earth's surface by flowing direct current (DC). In this research, geoelectric-resistivity was used to search for the existence of groundwater aquifers in water crisis areas with peat soil structures. In addition, this research aims to determine the depth of the aquifer layer based on resistivity values below the surface and to identify variations in resistivity values below the surface. The method used in this research was the Schlumberger configuration resistivity geoelectric method with 4 measurement points, each with a stretch length of 500 m . The research results show that the subsurface resistivity value in the Parit Haji Muksin II area is 2.69 ?m to 264 ?m. The unconfined aquifer at the research location was found at point 1 and point 2 at a depth of 3.94 m to 35.5 m, while the confined aquifer was found at points 3 and 4 at a depth of 13.6 m to 61.8 m. This study indicates the presence of potential groundwater resources in tropical peatlands, highlighting the necessity for further comprehensive research to ensure their sustainable utilization in the future.

Sharp Rise in Cosmic Ray Irradiation of Organisms on Earth Caused by a Nearby SN Shockwave Passage.

The work considers the modelling of nearby supernova (SN) effects on Earth's biosphere via cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by shockwaves. The rise of the radiation background on Earth resulted from the external irradiation by CR high-energy particles and internal radiation in organisms by the decay of cosmogenic 14C is evaluated. We have taken into account that the CR flux near Earth goes up steeply when the shockwave crosses the Solar System, while in previous works the CR transport was considered as purely diffusive. Our simulations demonstrate a high rise of the external ionization of the environments at Earth's surface by atmospheric cascade particles that penetrate the first 70-100 m of water depth. Also, the cosmogenic 14C decay is able to irradiate the entire biosphere and deep ocean organisms. We analyzed the probable increase in mutation rate and estimated the distance between Earth and an SN, where the lethal effects of irradiation are possible. Our simulations demonstrate that for SN energy of around 1051 erg the lethal distance could be ∼18 pc.

Soil Erosion Risk Estimation by using Semi Empirical RUSLE model: A case study of Maniyari Basin, Chhattisgarh

Soil is the protective skin of our earth's surface, but today’s numerous population pressures on land, along with industrialization, climatic variability such as a vigorous increase in temperature, acid rain, and deforestation, definitely degrade the quality of land. It should have to evaluate the quality of the land and find out the nutrition status as well as the soil health. The present study is employed in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to predict erosion risk using the Semi-Empirical Revised Soil Loss Erosion Model (RUSLE). The physiographic soil map has been prepared by visual interpretation of the Sentinal 2 satellite image, from which the soil erodibility factor has been derived. The digital elevation model (DEM) has been prepared from a contour map and used as the base map for the topographic-related analysis. In this model, the slope length (LS) factor has been prepared from the DEM. The crop conservation and management factor (C) and support practice factor (P) factors have been derived from the LULC map. It has been found that 4.45% of the watershed comes under very high erosion, 3.50% under high erosion, 7.80% under moderate erosion, 11.37% under low erosion, and 51.36% under a very low erosion-prone zone.

Cogeneration of Clean Water and Valuable Energy/Resources via Interfacial Solar Evaporation.

Water, covering over two-thirds of the Earth's surface, holds immense potential for generating clean water, sustainable energy, and metal resources, which are the cornerstones of modern society and future development. It is highly desired to produce these crucial elements through eco-friendly processes with minimal carbon footprints. Interfacial solar evaporation, which utilizes solar energy at the air-liquid interface to facilitate water vaporization and solute separation, offers a promising solution. In this review, we systematically report the recent progress of the cogeneration of clean water and energy/resources including electricity, hydrogen, and metal resources via interfacial solar evaporation. We first gain insight into the energy and mass transport for a typical interfacial solar evaporation system and reveal the residual energy and resources for achieving the cogeneration goal. Then, we summarize the recent advances in materials/device designs for efficient cogeneration. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and potential opportunities for the further development of this field.

Polymeric Reactors for Catalytic Reactions beyond Earth

AbstractCurrent space missions to Luna and Mars are considering to use the resources, which can be found on‐site at the destination. This strategy named in‐situ resource utilization (ISRU) saves valuable pay‐load capacities during the rocket launch from the earth surface. Specifically, in mars missions it is intended to produce the necessary rocket fuel CH4 for the back‐transit to earth via water electrolysis and subsequent CO2 methanation. The present study elaborates this concept and examines the question if polymeric reactors are feasible for heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in applications beyond earth. The study aims at providing a theoretical backbone for a proof‐of‐concept. The evaluation is conducted theoretically by design considerations and adds experimental results to show the general feasibility of polymeric reactors for applicable reaction conditions.

Condition for metal fragmentation during Earth-forming collisions

The long-term evolution of the deep Earth depends on its initial temperature and composition. These were set by the large planetary collisions that formed the Earth. After each collision, the metallic core of the impactor fell into a molten silicate magma ocean. Previous investigations showed that, as it sank, the impactor core fragmented into drops. The overall fragmentation of the core controlled the efficiency of chemical transfers between the impactor metal and the magma ocean, and, as a consequence, the composition of the Earth's core and mantle. However, because previous studies lack an impact stage, it is unclear whether the projectile core fragmented during the impact at Earth's surface, or deeper in the magma ocean.To answer this question, we conduct laboratory experiments modeling the collision of single-phase and two-phase impactors. In a first series of experiments, we investigate the impact of a single-phase centimetric liquid volume, representing the impactor core, onto a lighter immiscible liquid, representing the magma ocean. Our experiments approach the dynamical regime of planetary collisions for which inertia is large compared to surface tension. Varying the velocity and size of the impactor, we determine the conditions under which the impactor fragments into drops. We find that fragmentation occurs when the Froude number, which measures the relative importance of inertia to gravity, is larger than 40, regardless of surface tension. This fragmentation results from the growth of a turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the interface between the impacting liquid and the target pool. In contrast, when Fr<10, the impactor remains coherent. In a second series of experiments, we use two-phase impactors to show that these results hold for impactors that are differentiated into a core and a mantle.Applied to planet formation, our results suggest that the core of impactors less than 330 km in radius impacting at the escape velocity onto an Earth-sized planet fully fragments into droplets during the impact process, whereas the core of a giant Mars-sized impactor remains coherent. We derive a model for the depth at which the impactor core fragments in the magma ocean as a function of the impactor size and velocity. This model predicts that impactors with a radius less than 800 km fully fragment before reaching the bottom of the magma ocean. For velocities higher than twice the escape speed, some degree of fragmentation is unavoidable for any impactor size.

The origin and evolution of Earth's nitrogen.

Nitrogen is a vital element for life on Earth. Its cycling between the surface (atmosphere+crust) and the mantle has a profound influence on the atmosphere and climate. However, our understanding of the origin and evolution of Earth's nitrogen is still incomplete. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of Earth's nitrogen budget and the isotope composition of different reservoirs, laboratory constraints on deep nitrogen geochemistry, and our understanding of the origin of Earth's nitrogen and the deep nitrogen cycle through plate subduction and volcanism. The Earth may have acquired its nitrogen heterogeneously during the main accretion phase, initially from reduced, enstatite-chondrite-like impactors, and subsequently from increasingly oxidized impactors and minimal CI-chondrite-like materials. Like Earth's surface, the mantle and core are also significant nitrogen reservoirs. The nitrogen abundance and isotope composition of these three reservoirs may have been fundamentally established during the main accretion phase and have been insignificantly modified afterwards by the deep nitrogen cycle, although there is a net nitrogen ingassing into Earth's mantle in modern subduction zones. However, it is estimated that the early atmosphere of Earth may have contained ∼1.4 times the present-day atmospheric nitrogen (PAN), with ∼0.4 PAN being sequestered into the crust via biotic nitrogen fixation. In order to gain a better understanding of the origin and evolution of Earth's nitrogen, directions for future research are suggested.

Chemical element analysis of Arjuno-Welirang igneous rocks.

Mount Arjuno-Welirang has a geological structure consisting of volcanic breccia, lava, tufan breccia, and tuff. This research focuses on exploring the chemical content of Arjuno-Welirang igneous rocks. The mapping of chemical element content is carried out to provide information on the distribution of Arjuno-Welirang dominant elements which are very important for exploitation and industry. The results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of seven igneous rock samples showed that there were Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Eu, and Re. The dominant elements (Wt% > 10%) are Si (44.4-51.6%), Al (14-19%), Ca (12.1-17.1%), and Fe (12.4-20.4%). In addition, rare earth element REE europium (Eu) content was also found with an average of 0.23 Wt%. The discovery of REE Eu indicates the presence of other REE elements and needs further analysis. The presence of several oxide elements SiO2 and K2O was compared to the surrounding mountains, where SiO2 indicates a greater content of Bromo-Semeru, while K2O is larger than Semeru and smaller than Bromo. This provides an overview of the difference in magma properties, where the results of Arjuno-Welirang igneous rock analysis show alkaline properties while Bromo-Semeru ultrabase. The Fe2O3 content of Arjuno-Welirang shows a smaller tendency than Bromo-Semeru. This shows that Arjuno-Welirang magma is magnetically higher than Bromo-Semeru. The average depth of magma from igneous rocks is calculated between ± 147.7 and ± 225.1km below the earth's surface. These results correlate significantly with K2O compounds where the deeper the magma origin of the sample, the higher the K2O content.

Characterization of metal-bearing nanoparticles observed in loess-covered terrain: Implications for prospecting

The recent depletion of mineral resources near the Earth's surface has led to a shift in mineral exploration toward concealed deposits in covered terrain. Consequently, significant attention has been directed toward metal-bearing nanoparticles in the soil above such deposits to gain insights into the composition of concealed ore bodies.In this study, the characteristics (type, size, shape, chemical composition, and aggregation) of metal-bearing nanoparticles in ore samples of the Zhonghedi Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit and their overlying loess were systematically analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Numerous nanoparticles containing Ag, Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mo, and other metallic elements were observed in the loess overlying the deposits as well as the ore samples. These nanoparticles exhibit a well-defined crystal shape, suggesting their primary particle nature. Moreover, the nanoparticles in the loess and ore samples share similarities in element distribution, size, and type, demonstrating their homologous nature. However, ore-related metal-bearing nanoparticles were not detected in samples collected from the background areas. Most metal-bearing nanoparticles in loess, excluding native particles, were oxides and sulfates, which may be attributed to oxidation of the native metal particles near the surface where oxygen fugacity increases. The elemental mapping of the nanoparticles showed that the ore-forming elements had the same distribution patterns and element assemblages to the ore material. These results indicate that metal-bearing nanoparticles in the loess have likely relationships with concealed ore bodies. Accordingly, the metal-bearing nanoparticles in the loess can provide information about concealed ore deposits, explain surface geochemical anomalies, and improve prospecting accuracy as a vector to mineralization.Routinely finding nanoparticles in transported cover remains a challenge. However, this study shows it is viable and marks substantial progress in our knowledge and comprehension of metal-bearing nanoparticles in loess-covered terrain. Evidence of their presence and association with concealed ore bodies contributes significantly to our understanding of mineral exploration processes and offers new avenues for future research and practical applications.

Detecting clear‐sky periods from photovoltaic power measurements

AbstractA method for detecting clear‐sky periods from photovoltaic (PV) power measurements is presented and validated. It uses five tests dealing with parameters characterizing the connections between the measured PV power and the corresponding clear‐sky power. To estimate clear‐sky PV power, a PV model has been designed using as inputs downwelling shortwave irradiance and its direct and diffuse components received at ground level under clear‐sky conditions as well as reflectivity of the Earth's surface and extraterrestrial irradiance, altogether provided by the McClear service. In addition to McClear products, the PV model requires wind speed and temperature as inputs taken from ECMWF twentieth century reanalysis ERA5 products. The performance of the proposed method has been assessed and validated by visual inspection and compared to two well‐known algorithms identifying clear‐sky periods with broadband global and diffuse irradiance measurements on a horizontal surface. The assessment was carried out at two stations located in Finland offering collocated 1‐min PV power and broadband irradiance measurements. Overall, total agreement ranges between 84% and 97% (depending on the season) in discriminating clear‐sky and cloudy periods with respect to the two well‐known algorithms serving as reference. The disagreement fluctuating between 6% and 15%, depending on the season, primarily occurs while the PV module temperature is adequately high and/or when the sun is close to the horizon with many more interactions between the radiation, the atmosphere and the ground surface.

Energy flux couples sulfur isotope fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles in Desulfovibrio vulgaris.

Microbial sulfate reduction is central to the global carbon cycle and the redox evolution of Earth's surface. Tracking the activity of sulfate reducing microorganisms over space and time relies on a nuanced understanding of stable sulfur isotope fractionation in the context of the biochemical machinery of the metabolism. Here, we link the magnitude of stable sulfur isotopic fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles under different cellular energetic regimes. When energy availability is limited, cell-specific sulfate respiration rates and net sulfur isotope fractionation inversely covary. Beyond net S isotope fractionation values, we also quantified shifts in protein expression, abundances and isotopic composition of intracellular S metabolites, and lipid structures and lipid/water H isotope fractionation values. These coupled approaches reveal which protein abundances shift directly as a function of energy flux, those that vary minimally, and those that may vary independent of energy flux and likely do not contribute to shifts in S-isotope fractionation. By coupling the bulk S-isotope observations with quantitative proteomics, we provide novel constraints for metabolic isotope models. Together, these results lay the foundation for more predictive metabolic fractionation models, alongside interpretations of environmental sulfur and sulfate reducer lipid-H isotope data.

Evaluating the role of city representation in modelling the urban precipitation effect of Kuala Lumpur

Urbanization of Earth's land surface is one of the most impactful human interactions on the global ecosystem. Urban land cover substantially alters the transfer of heat, moisture, momentum, and aerosols between the surface and the atmosphere. These surface modifications are the first link in a complex process sequence that causes changes in clouds and precipitation, the so-called urban precipitation effect. Most studies on this topic to date have assumed a homogeneous representation of the city landscape, disregarding the potential effect of its heterogeneity on precipitation. We investigated the impact of Kuala Lumpur's urban precipitation effect through a set of sensitivity studies performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model, in which different representations of the urban landscape were considered. We showed that including Kuala Lumpur city in the simulations causes a localised increase in accumulated rainfall, rainy day frequency and total extreme rainfall within the boundaries of the urban area. This effect is more pronounced when the city is represented as a homogeneous, high-density landscape compared to the more realistic heterogeneous case, where spatially varying urban canopy parameters are included in the model. Therefore, accurately representing urban areas in climate models is necessary to better estimate the urban precipitation effect.

Quantifying wake dynamics subjected to stream vegetation patch elongation: The influence of patch-edge vortices

Vortices are generated across a wide range of scales due to the interaction between in-stream vegetation and surrounding flows, significantly influencing hydro-geomorphodynamics in earth surface water systems. Recent advance in vegetation patch hydrodynamics has revealed that the elongation of the middle channel patch can generate complex wake flow patterns by adjusting the bleed flow from the patch and triggering the patch-edge Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) vortices. With a broader range of experimental configurations, this study reveals how the patch wake mixing is apparently strengthened by the presence of KH vortices, indicated by a larger steady wake velocity, a shorter steady wake length, and a damped energy of wake von Karman vortex. Furthermore, we quantify these characteristic metrics of patch wake behavior with and without the influence of KH vortices. Our findings provide insights into the role of vegetation-induced vortex interactions in regulating mixing processes, thereby promoting informed practices in environmental flows.

Investigating Earth surface deformation with SAR interferometry and geomodeling in the transborder Meuse–Rhine region

Introduction: This study aims to differentiate local and regional ground uplift, as well as sub-regional subsidence induced by groundwater level drawdown, which are possibly enhanced across fault structures, as monitored by various synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) processing methods. A buoyant mantle plume under the Eifel may be responsible for the regional ground uplift, including the Weser–Geul (BE) and South Limburg regions (NL), which could negatively affect the area proposed for the future Einstein Telescope.Methods: Different InSAR processing techniques are compared to evaluate their limits in tracking fault structures on a time series of Copernicus Sentinel-1 images while detecting and measuring ground motion based on their phase signature. The results present an overall stable ground for the Euregio Meuse–Rhine region, especially at the Belgian–Dutch border, while tectonic activity is observed along the German side of the Rhine Graben.Results: As the current neotectonic activity in the target area was not well known, we performed a spatiotemporal analysis of ground deformation associated with the presence of NW–SE-trending normal faults where karst also develops, as well as along the Variscan NE–SW-trending thrust faults. This work demonstrates that the identification of deformation hazards using satellite remote sensing (and connected seismological) techniques is challenging mainly due to (very) small regional scale deformation, terrain conditions, and SAR properties.Discussion: Thus, the results mostly indicate ground stability over the area; however, also some agricultural activities were observed, as was deformation along some infrastructure such as railways. Displacements of millimetric order measured along the faults located near the Geul valley (BE) are probably related to old mining activities.

Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers

AbstractEditors of the Journal of Geophysical Research—Earth Surface express their appreciation to those who served as peer reviewers for the journal in 2023.

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) by Petrochemicals among Fuel Attendants

Introduction: Petroleum also known as crude oil is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Congestive heart failure has been defined as global pandemic, since it affects around 26 million people worldwide. Fuel attendants engaged in these environments are continuously exposed to petrol and diesel fumes which results in hazards of the human system such as the heart, liver and kidney. The purpose of this study is to determine the congestive heart failure by petrochemicals among fuel attendants. Methods: The total sample size for this study was 200 samples. Of them, 100 were included as case group. They were fuel attendants who work at the various filling stations visited in the LGA. Their main direct sources of exposure were inhalation, accidental ingestion, and skin contact, among others. These samples were collected from people who are within the age range of 15-50 years. Result: This study shows that cardiac enzymes Troponin I has a mean value of 16.83 in fuel attendants compared to the mean value of 7.12 in non-fuel attendants in Oluyole Area, Ibadan. This is statistically significant (p &lt;0.01) with 133%. Troponin C has a mean value of 16.69 in fuel attendants compared to the mean value of 7.31 among non-fuel attendants in Oluyole Area, Ibadan. This is statistically significant (p &lt;0.01) with 114%. Troponin T has a mean value of 16.94 in fuel attendants compared to the mean value of 7.56 in non-fuel attendants in Oluyole Area, Ibadan. This is statistically significant (p &lt;0.01) with 112%. Conclusion: This study shows that exposure to petrochemicals can cause biochemical changes in the heart leading to the release of enzymes into the blood stream which serve as biomarker tools for the diagnosis of the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure. Other petrochemical effect includes elevated blood pressure. Fuel attendants should be screened for heart related diagnosis before employed, this will reduce the risk of employing attendants with heart related disease leading to heart failure. Timely, regular medical checkup should be done while working as a fuel attendant and it is also achievable to create time in having physical exercise which reduces the risk of being above the BMI which consistently reduces the risk of heart related disease.