Earth's Rotation Research Articles

Harmony of Q.S Az-Zumar and Earth Rotational Movement Science Materials in Elementary Schools Supporting Independent Learning: An Analytical Study

This research explores Q.S. Az-Zumar and science in analyzing Earth Movement material in elementary school books. This study aims to investigates the suitability of the meaning contained in Q.S Az-Zumar and the Earth's rotational movement Science material. This study uses a qualitative approach and content analysis method. The data collection technique used a checklist sheet. Data analysis followed the flow of Mestika Zed (2004), namely reading, classifying, coding, formulating hypotheses, and drawing conclusions. The results found that the concept of the earth's rotational movement in Elementary School Science materials aligned with the idea of Q.S Az-Zumar. Science learning in elementary schools is in accordance with the curriculum, and its application does not conflict with the understanding and value of Islamic normativity. The recommendation is that educational practitioners can study more about the verses of the Qur'an to prove factually or contextually according to science.

Research on Earth rotation and geodynamics in Poland in 2015–2018

Research on Earth rotation and geodynamics in Poland in 2015–2018

Deep ensemble geophysics-informed neural networks for the prediction of celestial pole offsets

SUMMARY Celestial Pole Offsets (CPO), denoted by dX and dY, describe the differences in the observed position of the pole in the celestial frame with respect to a certain precession-nutation model. Precession and nutation components are part of the transformation matrix between terrestrial and celestial systems. Therefore, various applications in geodetic science such as high-precision spacecraft navigation require information regrading precession and nutation. For this purpose, CPO can be added to the precession-nutation model to precisely describe the motion of the celestial pole. However, as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)—currently the only technique providing CPO—requires long data processing times resulting in several weeks of latency, predictions of CPO become necessary. Here we present a new methodology named Deep Ensemble Geophysics-Informed Neural Networks (DEGINNs) to provide accurate CPO predictions. The methodology has three main elements: (1) deep ensemble learning to provide the prediction uncertainty; (2) broad-band Liouville equation as a geophysical constraint connecting the rotational dynamics of CPO to the atmospheric and oceanic Effective Angular Momentum (EAM) functions and (3) coupled oscillatory recurrent neural networks to model the sequential characteristics of CPO time-series, also capable of handling irregularly sampled time-series. To test the methodology, we use the newest version of the final CPO time-series of International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), namely IERS 20 C04. We focus on a forecasting horizon of 90 days, the practical forecasting horizon needed in space-geodetic applications. Furthermore, for validation purposes we generate an independent global VLBI solution for CPO since 1984 up to the end of 2022 and analyse the series. We draw the following conclusions. First, the prediction performance of DEGINNs demonstrates up to 25 and 33 percent improvement, respectively, for dX and dY, with respect to the rapid data provided by IERS. Secondly, predictions made with the help of EAM are more accurate compared to those without EAM, thus providing a clue to the role of atmosphere and ocean on the excitation of CPO. Finally, free core nutation period shows temporal variations with a dominant periodicity of around one year, partially excited by EAM.

Universal Time Effects on Substorm Growth Phases and Onsets

AbstractUniversal Time (UT) variations in many magnetospheric state indicators and indices have recently been reviewed by Lockwood and Milan (2023, https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1139295). Key effects are introduced into magnetospheric dynamics by the eccentric nature of Earth's magnetic field, features that cannot be reproduced by a geocentric field model. This paper studies the UT variation in the occurrence of substorm onsets and uses a simple Monte‐Carlo model to show how it can arise for an eccentric field model from the effect of the diurnal motions of Earth's poles on the part of the geomagnetic tail where substorms are initiated. These motions are in any reference frame that has an X axis that points from the center of the Earth to the center of the Sun and are caused by Earth's rotation. The premise behind the model is shown to be valid using a super‐posed epoch study of the conditions leading up to onset. These studies also show the surprising degree of preconditioning ahead of the growth phase that is required, on average, for onset to occur. A key factor is the extent to which pole motions caused by Earth's rotation influence the near‐Earth tail at the relevant X coordinate. Numerical simulations by a global MHD model of the magnetosphere reveal the effect required to generate the observed UT variations and with right order of amplitude, albeit too small by a factor of about one third. Reasons why this discrepancy may have arisen for the simulations used are discussed.

Total solar eclipse of AD 1133 and ΔT

Twenty-seven extant reports from medieval Europe and the Middle East of the total solar eclipse of AD 1133 (+1133) are analysed to set limits on the Earth rotation parameter ∆T. We conclude that at the epoch +1133, ∆T is in the range +720 <ΔT<+1110 seconds.

Analysis of the Six Eras of the Creation of the Universe in the Holy Qur'an and the Bible: Semiotic Studies Alfred Jules Ayer

All religions have an explanation about nature creating with their version. Talking about these kinds, this paper was not present to be correct who is true or who is false, but a process of nature creating needed to be explained with science so that it can be accepted by mind and conviction. That can be known by becoming deep through making use of logical positivism semiotics analysis by Alfred Jules Ayer. With the use of library research, comparative study, and semiotics analysis by Alfred J. Ayer, this paper has some findings, namely: comparative about nature created from Al-Qur'an and Bible, just not a doctrine of religion. But, as a result of logical positivism analysis, Alfred J. Ayer explains that nature was created during six periods (time) in Islam, and Christianity, in theology, believed that it was a creation of God. Then, the process of nature's creation during six periods (time) is very long; the truth can be verified by the findings of scientists, namely a genesis of nature created by the Big Bang incident, and then because that is dissociated between earth and sky and engender earth and interplanetary rotation in their pivot after that earth experience evolution and all of the process is ended with creating of mountains, plants, humans, and others.

Status of the GINGER project

Large frame ring laser gyroscopes, based on the Sagnac effect, are top sensitivity instrumentation to measure angular velocity with respect to the fixed stars. GINGER (Gyroscopes IN GEneral Relativity) project foresees the construction of an array of three large dimension ring laser gyroscopes, rigidly connected to the Earth. GINGER has the potentiality to measure general relativity effects and Lorentz Violation in the gravity sector, once a sensitivity of 10−9, or better, of the Earth rotation rate is obtained. Being attached to the Earth crust, the array will also provide useful data for geophysical investigation. For this purpose, it is at present under construction as part of the multi-components observatory called Underground Geophysics at Gran Sasso (UGSS). Sensitivity is the key point to determine the relevance of this instrument for fundamental science. The most recent progress in the sensitivity measurement, obtained on a ring laser prototype called GINGERINO, indicates that GINGER should reach the level of 1 part in 1011 of the Earth rotation rate.

Research on Earth rotation and geodynamics in Poland in 2019–2022

Research on Earth rotation and geodynamics in Poland in 2019–2022

Modelling secondary circulations in stratified bi-directional flows: A potential mechanism for flux transfer from lower to upper fluid layers

Results are presented for new laboratory-scale numerical simulations of bi-directional stratified flows generated within an idealized trapezoidal sill-channel topography, focussing on the lateral (or secondary) flow structure across the channel both in non-rotating and rotating frames of reference. The simulations utilise the non-hydrostatic Bergen Ocean Model (BOM), a three-dimensional general ocean circulation model. The results from the BOM simulations are verified by large-scale experimental data obtained in the LEGI Coriolis rotating platform in Grenoble, within which velocity and density fields for bi-directional stratified flows were measured through particle image velocimetry (PIV) and micro-conductivity density probes, respectively. The BOM simulations reproduce the main dynamic flow patterns and structure of the large-scale exchange flows generated through the trapezoidal sill-channel, with the lower layer saline intrusion flux shown to reduce, due to partial blockage, as the upper freshwater flow is increased (i.e. net barotropic forcing). Non-rotational BOM simulations show upward (and downward) flow along the centreline of the trapezoidal sill-channel in the upper (and lower) layers, with symmetrical counter-rotating circulation cells forming both above and below the density interface. By contrast, equivalent BOM simulations within a rotating frame of reference show the secondary flow circulation in the lower dense water layer to be dominated by Ekman dynamics, while two co-rotating cells are formed in the upper freshwater layer above the inclined density interface. In these rotational cases, significant upward and downward velocities (i.e. strong upwelling and downwelling) are generated adjacent to the inclined sill-channel side walls (in comparison to non-rotating cases). This secondary flow effect may be especially relevant for exchange flows in estuaries, fjords, deep-ocean channels and sea straits, where the channel width exceeds the Rossby radius of deformation and, thus, Earth rotation effects become important dynamically. In particular, any potential vertical transport pathway associated with this upwelling and downwelling at the inclined channel side slopes may have strong managerial implications in coastal areas, whereby tracers (e.g. contaminants, salinity, reduced DO waters, fine sediments) can be transferred from deep waters to the near surface.

Reduction of Satellite Signature Effect in High-Accuracy Satellite Laser Ranging to Etalon

Etalon is considered to be one of the most promising satellites for studying crustal motions, Earth rotation, and other scientific applications. Unfortunately, its outsized shape and signature result in a measurement range bias of several millimeters. On the basis of simulations of the echo signals, we analyze the center of mass corrections (CoM) for Etalon due to variations in satellite signature effect at different incidence angles. To minimize range bias caused by satellite signature effects, a center of mass corrections filter has been proposed for the processing of standard SLR data. According to the relationship between RMS of CoM and the upper limits of the rejection criteria, the measurements with the lowest variability of CoM are selected for normal points. Statistics indicate that the center of mass corrections filter can improve the stability of the collected data by 79%, and reduce the mean RMS of normal points from 163.7 × 41.8 ps to 118.2 × 8.94 ps. Additionally, the new algorithm is applicable to Etalon-2. In particular, this paper enriches and provides a useful reference for minimizing the effects of satellite signatures on the production of SLR data by providing a theoretical model that incorporates systematic errors in SLR.

Improving the accuracy of polar motion prediction using a hybrid least squares and long short-term memory model

Earth rotation parameters (ERPs) are essential for transforming between the celestial and terrestrial reference frames, and for high-precision space navigation and positioning. Among the ERPs, polar motion (PM) is a critical parameter for analyzing and understanding the dynamic interaction between the solid Earth, atmosphere, ocean, and other geophysical fluids. Traditional methods for predicting the change in ERPs rely heavily on linear models, such as the least squares (LS) and the autoregressive (AR) model (LS + AR). However, variations in ERP partly reflect non-linear effects in the Earth system, such that the predictive accuracy of linear models is not always optimal. In this paper, long short-term memory (LSTM), a non-linear neural network, is employed to improve the prediction of ERPs. Polar motion prediction experiments in this study are conducted using the LSTM model and a hybrid method LS + LSTM model based on the IERS EOP14C04 time series. Compared with Bulletin A, the PMX and PMY prediction accuracy can reach a maximum of 33.7% and 31.9%, respectively, with the LS + LSTM model. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid model displays a better performance in mid- and long-term (120–365 days) prediction of polar motion.Graphical

Taylor halos and Taylor spears in odd viscous liquids

A body placed in a rigidly rotating fluid becomes circumscribed by a fictitious cylinder with generators parallel to the axis of rotation, a Taylor column. Slowly moving liquid impinging on the body will swerve around the cylinder. Thus, Taylor columns may form when a breeze impinges on a mountain or when slowly moving oceanic water impinges on a seamount, both due to the Earth's rotation. Here, we show that classical non-rotating liquids endowed with an odd or Hall coefficient of viscosity, exhibiting nondissipative behavior, also give rise to Taylor column structures resembling halos or spears. Steady three-dimensional flow of such a liquid becomes effectively two dimensional, swirling around the Taylor column imitating its rigidly rotating counterparts. Formation of Taylor halos and spears is attributed to the propagation of data along characteristics that may be parallel or oblique to a center axis, respectively.

Health Effects of Disrupted Circadian Rhythms by Artificial Light at Night

Life on Earth has adapted to the changing patterns of light and darkness caused by the Earth's rotation. Known as circadian rhythms, these 24 h biological rhythms are regulated through light exposure and coordinate a range of behaviors such as sleep-wake cycles, eating, activity levels, and more. However, artificial light at night can disrupt these rhythms, altering how the human internal clock regulates sleep, metabolism, and even mood. This paper discusses some common forms of circadian disruption, such as nighttime light pollution and shift work, and examines the associated health outcomes. Some policy insights for reducing circadian disruption include regulating shift work, updating public lighting, and incentivizing circadian-based technologies. Regulating artificial lighting can improve human health and wellbeing, protect wildlife, and will allow future generations to continue enjoying starry nights.

Silicon Photonics Multi-Function Integrated Optical Circuit for Miniaturized Fiber Optic Gyroscope

Interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) is advantageous for inertial navigation due to its high reliability as a solid-state technology with no moving parts. The size, weight, power, and cost of IFOG can be improved by employing photonic integration technology. Here, by leveraging the foundry-enabled silicon photonics platform, we demonstrate a silicon multi-function integrated optical circuit (Si-MIOC) with a fingertip size that can easily interfaces with light source and fiber coil to perform a tactical-grade gyroscope (0.1 °/hr bias instability). This achievement comes from the pros of high-index-contrast silicon waveguide that enables high polarization extinction ratio of > 60 dB and high electro-optic efficiency in silicon phase modulator, while the cons of the signature lead to non-negligible optical back-reflection at silicon/fiber interfaces and generate spurious bias voltage offset at the gyroscope outputs. Nevertheless, the results of earth rotation measurement and Allan deviation analysis confirmed that Si-MIOC based IFOG is a promising angular sensor and can be utilized to construct a compact and low-cost inertial measurement unit.

Geophysically Informed Machine Learning for Improving Rapid Estimation and Short‐Term Prediction of Earth Orientation Parameters

AbstractRapid provision of Earth orientation parameters (EOPs, here polar motion and dUT1) is indispensable in many geodetic applications and also for spacecraft navigation. There are, however, discrepancies between the rapid EOPs and the final EOPs that have a higher latency but the highest accuracy. To reduce these discrepancies, we focus on a data‐driven approach, present a novel method named ResLearner, and use it in the context of deep ensemble learning. Furthermore, we introduce a geophysically constrained approach for ResLearner. We show that the most important geophysical information to improve the rapid EOPs is the effective angular momentum functions of atmosphere, ocean, land hydrology, and sea level. In addition, semidiurnal, diurnal, and long‐period tides coupled with prograde and retrograde tidal excitations are important features. The influence of some climatic indices on the prediction accuracy of dUT1 is discussed, and El Niño Southern Oscillation is found to be influential. We developed an operational framework, providing the improved EOPs on a daily basis with a prediction window of 63 days to fully cover the latency of final EOPs. We show that under the operational conditions and using the rapid EOPs of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), we achieve improvements as high as 60%, thus significantly reducing the differences between rapid and final EOPs. Furthermore, we discuss how the new final series IERS 20 C04 is preferred over 14 C04. Finally, we compare against EOP hindcast experiments of the European Space Agency, on which ResLearner presents comparable improvements.

Development of Chatbot Learning Media on Earth Rotation and Revolution Materials for Grade 6 Elementary School Students

Difficulties are often found during the learning process. Therefore, learning media is very crucial in learning activities. With the existence of learning media can support teachers when providing learning to students. Chatbot learning media is one of the media that can help improve student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to find out and then describe the characteristics and analyze the truth pf increasing learning outcomes of grade VI students through the development of interactive print media in the material rotation and revolutation of earth. Researchers used the research and development (RD) method in this study. The 4D (four-D) development model previously described by Thiagarajan became the procedural model chosen by the researcher. The final score obtained in this study was 4.15 from media experts, 4.56 material experts, 4.8 teacher responses, and 4.58 student trial results. The overall validation score and trial of chatbot learning media is 4.58 which is included in the very good category and is very feasible to use as a learning media tool in grade 6 "earth rotation and revolution" material in elementary schools

Earth's rotation and Earth-Moon distance in the Devonian derived from multiple geological records

Astronomical insolation forcing plays an important role in pacing Earth's climate history, including paleoclimate dynamics, and its imprint can be seen in various geoarchives. Its signature is often evident through typical rhythmic patterns in sediments. The detailed study of those patterns led to a better understanding of orbital climate forcing, while also providing more precise constraints on the geological time scale. Due to the tidal evolution in the Earth-Moon system, the precession and obliquity periods get shorter when going back in time while the main eccentricity 405 kyr period remains stable. While several astrophysical models describe the evolution of the length of precession- and obliquity cycles, few reliable and quantitative geological information from tidalites and astrochronology are available.To better constrain these key astronomical parameters in the distant past, we calculate precession and obliquity properties for the Devonian (∼420-360 million years before present) as reconstructed from a suite of geological datasets. Our results show the period of precession to be 19.4-16.1 kyr, and the dominant p+s3 obliquity period to be 29.50±0.46 long. These findings are compared with and support the presence of oceanic tidal resonances at 300 and 540 Ma, as shown in the recent AstroGeo22 model of the Earth-Moon evolution of (Farhat et al., 2022).

Tuning the output of the higher plants Circadian Clock

The circadian clock is an ascribed regulator found in the cells of creatures, that keeps biological and behavioral processes in sync with daily environmental changes throughout two 24-hour cycles. When the circadian clock in humans malfunctions or is misaligned with environmental signals, the timing of the sleep-wake cycle is altered and several circadian rhythm sleep disorders result. Due to the Earth's rotation on its axis, predictable environmental changes are anticipated by complex processes. The combined term for these systems is the circadian clock. The circadian rhythm regulates photosynthesis, photoperiodism, and photoperiodism, making it the "primary controller of plant life." The circadian clock is made up of post-translational alterations to core oscillators, epigenetic tweaks to DNA and histones, and autoregulatory feedback loops in transcription. In addition, the circadian clock is cell-autonomous and regulates the circadian rhythms of distinct organs. Biochemical elements such as photosynthetic products, mineral nutrients, calcium ions, and hormones are used by the core oscillators to communicate with one another. Arabidopsis is utilized to identify clock-related genes that govern plant growth, germination, pollination, flowering, abiotic and biotic stress responses, and more. The biological cycles of all species, notably humans, are undoubtedly impacted by other elements, including high altitude and changing ecosystems, in addition to the ones already stated. Although it hasn't yet published any experimental or scientific evidence to support them, the implication that living things have lives does appear inescapable. Hence, the present study elaborates on the higher plants related to the circadian clock.

Comparison of Cooperative Listening Team and Numbered Head Together Types of Learning Outcomes of Geography in the Material of Earth's Rotation and Revolution

Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine differences in geography learning outcomes using cooperative learning models of listening team types, numbered heads together (NHT) and discussions.
 Methodology: This study used a Quasi-Experimental research method "Postest-Only Control Design". The population of this study were all students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Colomadu, Karanganyar in the 2016/2017 academic year. Samples were taken by cluster random sampling technique. The selected sample is class X IPS 1, IPS 2 and IPS 3. The technique of collecting data on learning outcomes uses a test technique in the form of essay questions. The data analysis technique used was One Way Variant Analysis (One Way Anava) and post Anava test (Scheffe' method) with a significance level of 5%.
 Main Findings: The results showed: 1) There were differences in geography learning outcomes using the Listening Team, Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model and discussions on the subject matter of Rotational Motion and Earth Revolution for class X students. 2) The Geography learning outcomes using the Listening Team cooperative learning model were better than the Geography learning outcomes using the discussion method. 3) The learning outcomes of Geography using the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model are better than the learning outcomes of Geography using the discussion learning method.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: Based on the results of previous research, it is known that the cooperative model with the Listening Team and Numbered Head Together (NHT) types can increase student activity and achievement. This is renewable through this research practically learning using cooperative learning models of the Listening Team and Numbered Head Together (NHT) types can improve students' learning outcomes of Geography in the material Rotational Motion and Earth Revolution.

Clarifying the relationship between annual maximum daily precipitation and climate variables by wavelet analysis

Analyzing the temporal hydrological response of regional precipitation to climate variables is critical for improving precipitation prediction and understanding the underlying mechanism. We study the potential relationship between the annual maximum daily precipitation (RX1day) in Guangdong Province and 21 climate variables, including the length of the day of the earth's rotation (LOD), Niño 3.4, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Wavelet coherence (WTC), partial wavelet coherence (PWC), and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC) are used to identify possible individual, independent, and coupled relationships between the RX1day and climate variables. The analysis results show that Tropical Southern Atlantic Index (TSA), Niño 3.4, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Western Pacific Index (WP), Tripole Index for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (TPI), North Pacific pattern (NP), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and Tropical Northern Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures Index (TNA) are important driving forces influencing RX1day in Guangdong. After excluding the influence of Niño 3.4 and PDO, PWC accurately explains the influence of a single climate variable on RX1day. A single climate variable is insufficient to describe the influence on RX1day, but MWC accurately reflects the combined influence of different climate variables on RX1day. Our work emphasizes the use of PWC and MWC to reveal the independent and combined influences of climate variables on RX1day on different time scales. This study provides new insights into selecting the optimum predictive factors of RX1day.