Early XX Research Articles

Features of the law of China in the late XIX - early XX years

Features of the law of China in the late XIX - early XX years

Просветительская деятельность царского правительства в Жетысу в начале ХХ века (по документам фонда заведущего Семиреченского Переселенческого управления)

Просветительская деятельность царского правительства в Жетысу в начале ХХ века (по документам фонда заведущего Семиреченского Переселенческого управления)

ROMAN-IRISH EDUCATIVE TRADITION IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF CENTRAL UKRAINE AT THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES

The article analyzes the textbooks for elementary schools and gymnasiums of different types, which are located in the library of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. It is found that the content of the textbooks proves provisions of our study that the Roman-Irish scholarly tradition took place in educational process of Ukraine at the late XIX - early XX centuries.The author’s research field includes arithmetic textbooks that contain logical and mathematical problems of Alcuin and his students, ABC books and alphabets with sequential reading and spelling techniques, publicly available guides for sound teaching method of elementary education, which also took place in elementary school. In addition, the article deals with arithmetic courses for repetition in public schools (end of the nineteenth - early twentieth centuries), manuals containing tasks and dictations for undergraduate applicants in classical gymnasiums and universities, rhetoric and higher eloquence textbooks, Greek and Latin grammar books, indexes of current pedagogical literature of the late nineteenth century.Considering that today there has been no systematic analysis of educational publications for elementary schools, different types of schools and gymnasiums, as well as author’s manuals designed for independent preparation of future gymnasium students and university students in the period we have defined (end of XIX - beginning of XX ), author of the article sought to carry out such an analysis and to identify in the textbooks and manuals the component that is defined as the Roman-Irish educational tradition.An approach of K. Govorov, A. Zhdanov, M. Zarnitsky, F. Kodupolo and others to the study of grammar and literature in scientific-school editions shows: first, the importance of initial language learning, as it was in the Carolingian grammar schools; second, the phonetic and morphological approach to word learning at the initial stage of grammar study also confirms the previous postulate. In the period defined by us Rhetoric also occupied an exceptional place in the system of education, it is enough to analyze textbooks of that time (N. Koshansky, M. Speransky, O. Eshenburg) and its rules from the Carolingian era remained almost unchanged.

Problematics of Saints Cult in Works of Jadidist-Theolologians of the Late XVIII and the Early XX cc

The article deals with the analysis of the problems of the cult of saints in the religious views of the greatest Tatar Jadid - theologians of the late 18th and the early 20th centuries. The research aims to investigate the views of Abdennacer Kursawe, Shihab Al-din al-Marjani, Galimjan Barudi, Rizaetdin Fakhretdin, Musa Jarullah Bigiev. The scholars searched the reasons for the crucial decline that involved the Muslim peoples, they believed that the only way out was the correction of Muslim beliefs, the refusal of religious innovations and the return to the Holy Quran and Sunnah. They criticized various manifestations of ignorance and superstition as well as some traditions that, in their opinion, were contrary to the canons of Islam and prevented the progress of Muslims. The Jadids supported the reform of the education system, the study of worldly sciences, the borrowing and use of global scientific and technological and other achievements. The similar position of Tatar theologians contributed to the formation of Islamic cultural values and present new ways for Russian Muslims to unify to the achievements of the world civilization.

Practices of Economic Modernization of Large Landowners in the Tambov Province in the late XIX – early XX сentury

Practices of Economic Modernization of Large Landowners in the Tambov Province in the late XIX – early XX сentury

КОНСТИТУЦІОНАЛІЗМ XIX – ПОЧАТКУ XX СТ. У ВИКЛАДАННІ «ІСТОРІЇ ДЕРЖАВИ І ПРАВА УКРАЇНИ»

History of State and law of Ukraine can be considered as one of the leading academic disciplines to modern lawyers. Its purpose is to familiarize professionals with the historical experience of the development of statehood on the territory of modern Ukraine that directly or indirectly impacts the current status and the quality of the public authority in our country, the relationship between the State and citizens, the situation in Ukraine in the international arena, its image in the world, etc.The role of history of State and law of Ukraine here is mapping the processes of historical evolution of human relationships and the State of modern Ukrainian territory. This includes compliance with State rights, in particular political ones, struggle of people for their rights through both peaceful and violent way (through armed revolt against the authorities) etc. In this connection, we think that the evolution of public authority as a result of the struggle of people for their rights should be displayed in training courses and researches on history of State and law.The purpose of the article: coverage of the history of constitutionalism on the territory of modern Ukraine in XIX – early XX centuries.The task: disclosure of the relationship between the history of State and law and constitutional law of Ukraine through the analysis of the content of the constitutions for the then population of Ukrainian lands in various states.Findings from this research and prospects for further research in this field: 1. Teaching history of constitutionalism in the training course «History of State and law of Ukraine» must conform to the Constitution of Ukraine as the Main Law of the State and the benchmark for social activities. 2. Teaching History of constitutionalism in the training course «History of State and law of Ukraine» gives an opportunity to examine the historical evolution of the idea of limit and self-restriction of State power in favor of its citizens rights. This is not just about the rich historical tradition of constitutionalism on the territory of modern Ukraine, but about the ability of our ancestors to live in conditions of observing the rules of the law and maintenance of order in society and the State in civilized ways.3. The prospects of further scientific researches, to our opinion, are the following: a) research of history of constitutionalism is separate states on the territory of modern Ukraine; b) research of separate problems and periods of history of constitutionalism in Ukraine.

Роль женщины в религиозном инакомыслии в XIX — начале ХХ в. (На материалах Вятской губернии)

Роль женщины в религиозном инакомыслии в XIX — начале ХХ в. (На материалах Вятской губернии)

РОЛЬ ХАРКІВСЬКИХ МОВОЗНАВЦІВ У СТАНОВЛЕННІ ПРАВОПИСНИХ НОРМ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРНОЇ МОВИ (20-ті рр. ХІХ ст. – 20-ті рр. ХХ ст.)

The article analyzes the process of orthographic norms formation in Eastern Ukraine during the XIX – early XX. The fact of unsolved orthographic problems existence in modern period determines the relevance of this study. Purpose of the article lies both in determination of Kharkiv linguists and writers influence on the Ukrainian literary language orthographic norms development and finding out the ways of orthographic norms formation in a certain period. The phonetic approach to orthographic norms creation, relevant for the initial stage – 1820s, which is used in the first Ukrainian grammar «Grammar of Little Russian dialect» by O. Pavlovskyi (1818) is considered. The opinions of such Kharkiv writers and publishers as H. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, E. Hrebinka, S. Pysarevskyi, P. Hulak-Artemovskyi, O. Korsun and I. Betskyi as for the phonetic principle application and creation of the Slobozhan orthography variant are highlighted. This article shows B. Hrinchenko’s exceptional role in organizing of the Ukrainian orthography in the twentieth century and gives a description of the spelling system used by B. Hrinchenko in «Ukrainian Dictionary» (1907–1909), which became universally recognized in the first decades of the twentieth century. The process of normalization and codification of Ukrainian orthographic system during the period of Ukrainian statehood revival with the participation of famous Kharkiv and Kyiv linguists: L. Bulakhovskyi, P. Buzuk, V. Hantsov, V. Demianchuk, O. Kurylo, A. Krymskyi, E. Tymchenko, as well as Galician: K. Studynskyi, I. Sventsytskyi, V. Simovych is described. It is emphasized on the organizational and creative activity of O. Syniavskyi in conducting the All-Ukrainian Spelling Conference in 1927 and his approval and completing of the final version of the Ukrainian literary language orthographic norms. In today’s orthographic norms creation we recommend to take into account the main tendency of past periods linguistic development such as the restoration of national-linguistic identity.

Lutherans of Perm province in the second half of the XIX – early XX: socio-demographic characteristics of the community

в имперский период Уральский регион отличался сложным религиозным составом населения. Наряду с православным большинством здесь проживало значительное количество мусульман, старообрядцев, духовных христиан, а также приверженцев языческих верований. История крупнейших конфессиональных групп края достаточно хорошо изучена, чего нельзя сказать о некоторых религиозных меньшинствах, в частности лютеранах. Несколько небольших исследований, посвященных данной деноминации, не позволяют воссоздать все аспекты функционирования Евангелическо‑лютеранской церкви на Урале. Так, чрезвычайно слабо изучено социально‑демографическое развитие лютеранской общины в Пермской губернии во второй половине XIX – начале ХХ в., что делает данное исследование актуальным и значимым. Сопоставление демографических характеристик (сословное происхождение, образование, профессиональная занятость и пр.) немцев‑лютеран и православного большинства позволяет получить ценный материал для объяснения чрезвычайно важной роли первых в экономическом развитии Урала, несмотря на их крайне незначительный удельный вес в общей численности населения региона. Изучение истории этноконфессиональных меньшинств имеет несомненную практическую значимость, поскольку помогает выстраивать сбалансированную национальную политику на современном этапе.

Женский вопрос в политической философии российской консервативной мысли XIX — первой половины XX в.

Женский вопрос в политической философии российской консервативной мысли XIX — первой половины XX в.

Из истории знакомства англоязычного читателя (конец XIX – начало XX вв.) с работами Ф.М. Достоевского

Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение процесса ознакомления читающей англоязычной аудитории (конец XIX – начало XX веков) с Ф.М. Достоевским. Для достижения поставленной цели, во-первых, в статье представлена библиография первых переводов (произведений и писем) Ф.М. Достоевского на английский язык, а также информация об исследовательских работах, посвященных писателю и его творчеству. Во-вторых, в исследовании предложены некоторые (рамки статьи не позволяют изложить весь собранный материал) из высказываний отдельных ученых, читателей, рецензии на произведения, опубликованные в периодических изданиях (конец XIX – начало XX веков), что позволило воссоздать достаточно полную картину восприятия Достоевского англоязычной аудиторией и, в определенной мере, выявить вектор заинтересованности англоязычного общества работами Достоевского.

Французское завоевание Марокко (начало ХХ в.) в восприятии султанского двора и духовных элит

Французское завоевание Марокко (начало ХХ в.) в восприятии султанского двора и духовных элит

ПРАВОСЛАВНЫЙ АЛТАЙ В КУЛЬТУРЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

The article traces the history of Russian Orthodoxy in Altai from its beginning in early XVIII c. down to the present, showing its impact on the surrounding culture. The author demonstrates the decisive role of the Altai Orthodox Mission not only in the propagation of the Orthodox faith among the local population, but in its cultural transformation. In particular, Russian missionaries in Altai, especially the canonized saints archimandrite Makarii (Glukharev, 1793-1847) and metropolitan Makarii (Nevskii, 1835-1926), gave the Altai people the alphabet, writing system, and literary language, taught them to build houses and settlements and to maintain a settled economy. The article also shows that pre-revolutionary missionary monasteries in Altai contributed much to the region’s cultural and social life. The focus of the article is on the Orthodox Altai today, particularly on the revival of Orthodoxy in the Chemal village in the mountain part of Altai. In the 1990s-2000s Moscow photographer V.N. Pavlov (1937-2011) restored on the so-called “Altai Patmos” – a small island on the Katun river – the church which was there in the early XX c., and built a suspension bridge to the island. Then on the shore facing the island a female monastic settlement was founded, and later a Bishop’s house with a church and museum were added. This place has become a center of pilgrimage not only for local residents, but also for guests from other parts of Russia and abroad. The article concludes with an overview of the contemporary centers of Orthodox pilgrimage in Altai with an indication of their cultural significance.

Причины разводов крестьянок в конце XIX — начале XX в. (На материалах Тобольской епархии)

Причины разводов крестьянок в конце XIX — начале XX в. (На материалах Тобольской епархии)

Innovación en el diseño de centrales hidroeléctricas a principios de siglo XX. La ingeniería arquitectura de Casto Fernández-Shaw en la presa de La Jándula

La ubicación de la sala de máquinas fue un factor relevante en las primeras presas hidroeléctricas de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, que originó el ensayo de distintas soluciones, algunas de ellas con resultados estéticos e implicaciones hidráulicas y estructurales de gran interés. Tal es el caso de la presa de La Jándula, inaugurada en 1930, que incorporaba la central en el seno del cuerpo de presa. El artículo indaga los posibles antecedentes nacionales e internacionales de esta solución tan singular, corroborando la hipótesis de su carácter inédito. La colaboración del arquitecto Casto Fernández- Shaw en el diseño e integración de la sala de máquinas fue decisiva, ya que logró un resultado de una calidad estética y una expresividad formal sin precedentes en una obra de ingeniería hidráulica, así como el nacimiento de un estilo que el propio Shaw definiría como ingeniería arquitectura.

Специфика образовательного процесса учащихся женских гимназий Владимирской и Костромской губерний в конце XIX — начале XX в.

Специфика образовательного процесса учащихся женских гимназий Владимирской и Костромской губерний в конце XIX — начале XX в.

ON QUESTION OF RELATIONSHIP OF GEOPOLITICS AND STRATEGY OF USA IN THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY

The article is devoted to the consideration of relationship geo-political theories and Strategic policy of the USA in the late XIX - early XX. We characterize the factors that influenced the formation of the theoretical foundations of US foreign policy at the turn of the centuries, that it clarifies the origins of myth-creation and conservatism of contemporary American foreign policy.

ИРКУТСКАЯ КОЛОНИЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ССЫЛЬНЫХ И ЕЕ РОЛЬ В ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ ЖИЗНИ ГОРОДА В КОНЦЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ ХХ вв.

ИРКУТСКАЯ КОЛОНИЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ССЫЛЬНЫХ И ЕЕ РОЛЬ В ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ ЖИЗНИ ГОРОДА В КОНЦЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ ХХ вв.

Сведения о городах и городском населении Восточной Сибири во второй половине XIX – начале ХХ вв. в научном архиве Русского географического общества

Сведения о городах и городском населении Восточной Сибири во второй половине XIX – начале ХХ вв. в научном архиве Русского географического общества

"Положение ее довольно сносно...": Взгляды отечественных исследователей второй половины XIX - начала ХХ в. на положение женщины в традиционном обществе (на примере башкир)

"Положение ее довольно сносно...": Взгляды отечественных исследователей второй половины XIX - начала ХХ в. на положение женщины в традиционном обществе (на примере башкир)