Early Type Research Articles

Mass-ratio distribution of contact binary stars

The mass ratio q of a contact binary star evolves through mass transfer, magnetic braking, and thermal relaxation oscillations to low values until it crosses a critical threshold qmin. When this occurs, the binary undergoes the tidal Darwin instability, leading to a rapid coalescence of the components and to an observable brightening of the system. The distribution of q has not been measured on a sufficiently large population of contact binary stars so far because determining q for a single contact binary usually requires spectroscopy. As was shown previously, however, it is possible to infer the mass-ratio distribution of the entire population of contact binaries from the observed distribution of their light-curve amplitudes. Employing Bayesian inference, we obtained a sample of contact binary candidates from the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog combined with data from Gaia and estimates of effective temperatures. We assigned a probability of being a contact binary of either late or early type to each candidate. Overall, our sample includes about 300 late-type and 200 early-type contact binary candidates. We modeled the amplitude distribution assuming that mass ratios are described by a power law with an exponent b and a cutoff at qmin. We find qmin = 0.087−0.015+0.024 for late-type contact binaries with periods longer than 0.3 days. For late-type binaries with shorter periods, we find qmin = 0.246−0.046+0.029, but the sample is small. For early-type contact binary stars with periods shorter than one day, we obtain qmin = 0.030−0.022+0.018. These results indicate a dependence of qmin on the structure of the components, and they are broadly compatible with previous theoretical predictions. We do not find any clear trends in b. Our method can easily be extended to large samples of contact binaries from TESS and other space-based surveys.

Data-driven subtyping of Parkinson’s disease: comparison of current methodologies and application to the Bochum PNS cohort

Considerable efforts have been made to better describe and identify Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes. Cluster analyses have been proposed as an unbiased development approach for PD subtypes that could facilitate their identification, tracking of progression, and evaluation of therapeutic responses. A data-driven clustering analysis was applied to a PD cohort of 114 subjects enrolled at St. Josef-Hospital of the Ruhr University in Bochum (Germany). A wide spectrum of motor and non-motor scores including polyneuropathy-related measures was included into the analysis. K-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering were performed to identify PD subtypes. Silhouette and Calinski–Harabasz Score Elbow were then employed as supporting evaluation metrics for determining the optimal number of clusters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to determine the relevance of each score for the clusters’ definition. Three PD cluster subtypes were identified: early onset mild type, intermediate type, and late-onset severe type. The between-cluster analysis consistently showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01), except for one of the scores measuring polyneuropathy (Neuropathy Disability Score; P = 0.609) and Levodopa dosage (P = 0.226). Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Non-motor Symptom Questionnaire (NMSQuest), and the MDS-UPDRS Part II were found to be crucial factors for PD subtype differentiation. The present analysis identifies a specific set of criteria for PD subtyping based on an extensive panel of clinical and paraclinical scores. This analysis provides a foundation for further development of PD subtyping, including k-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering.Trial registration: DRKS00020752, February 7, 2020, retrospectively registered.

Inhibition of the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 aggravates TNF-α-induced human beta cell dysfunction and death.

TNF-α plays a role in pancreatic beta cell loss in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In clinical interventions, TNF-α inhibition preserves C-peptide levels in early type 1 diabetes. In this study we evaluated the crosstalk of TNF-α, as compared with type I IFNs, with the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 (encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 [PTPN2]) in human beta cells. EndoC-βH1 cells, dispersed human pancreatic islets or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived islet-like cells were transfected with siRNAs targeting various genes (siCTRL, siPTPN2, siJNK1, siJNK3 or siBIM). Cells were treated for 48 h with IFN-α (2000 U/ml) or TNF-α (1000 U/ml). Cell death was evaluated using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining. mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein expression by immunoblot. PTPN2 silencing sensitised beta cells to cytotoxicity induced by IFN-α and/or TNF-α by 20-50%, depending on the human cell model utilised; there was no potentiation between the cytokines. We silenced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1 or Bcl-2-like protein 2 (BIM), and this abolished the proapoptotic effects of IFN-α, TNF-α or the combination of both after PTPN2 inhibition. We further observed that PTPN2 silencing increased TNF-α-induced JNK1 and BIM phosphorylation and that JNK3 is necessary for beta cell resistance to IFN-α cytotoxicity. We show that the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 is a key regulator of the deleterious effects of TNF-α in human beta cells. It is conceivable that people with type 1 diabetes carrying risk-associated PTPN2 polymorphisms may particularly benefit from therapies inhibiting TNF-α.

CRP, C-Peptide, and Risk of First-Time Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Early Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study

We investigated the relationship between hs-CRP, a marker of low-grade inflammation, alone or in combination with C-peptide, a marker of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, and risk for cardiovascular events (CVEs) and mortality in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In patients with recent-onset T2D, we measured serum hs-CRP (n = 7,301) and C-peptide (n = 5,765) in the prospective Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort study. Patients with no prior CVE (n = 6,407) were followed until first myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death, and all patients (n = 7,301) were followed for all-cause mortality. We computed adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) by Cox regression and tested for the interaction between hs-CRP and C-peptide. During follow-up (median 4.8 years), high (>3 mg/L) versus low (<1 mg/L) hs-CRP was associated with increased CVE risk (aHR 1.45 [95% CI 1.07-1.96]) and with even greater risk of all-cause mortality (2.47 [1.88-3.25]). Compared with patients with low hs-CRP (≤3 mg/L) and low C-peptide (<1,470 pmol/L), those with high levels of both biomarkers had the highest CVE (1.61 [1.10-2.34]) and all-cause mortality risk (2.36 [1.73-3.21]). Among patients with high C-peptide, risk of CVEs did not differ by low or high hs-CRP, whereas risk of all-cause mortality did. The finding of high hs-CRP as a stronger prognostic biomarker of all-cause mortality than of CVEs may facilitate improved early detection and prevention of deadly diseases besides CVEs. Conversely, elevated C-peptide as a strong CVE biomarker supports the need to target hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance in T2D CVE prevention.

The vascular function effects of adding exenatide or meal insulin to basal insulin therapy in early type 2 diabetes

ObjectiveBasal insulin glargine has a neutral effect on cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In practice, basal insulin is often paired with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) or meal insulin; however, the cardiovascular implications of these combinations have not been fully elucidated. In this context, we sought to evaluate the vascular function effects of adding the GLP1-RA exenatide or meal insulin lispro to basal glargine therapy in early T2DM.MethodsIn this 20-week trial, adults with T2DM of < 7-years duration were randomized to 8-weeks treatment with (i) insulin glargine (Glar), (ii) glargine + thrice-daily lispro (Glar/Lispro), or (iii) glargine + twice-daily exenatide (Glar/Exenatide), followed by 12-weeks washout. At baseline, 8-weeks, and washout, fasting endothelial function was assessed with reactive hyperemia index (RHI) measurement by peripheral arterial tonometry.ResultsAt baseline, there were no differences in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) or RHI between participants randomized to Glar (n = 24), Glar/Lispro (n = 24), and Glar/Exenatide (n = 25). At 8-weeks, Glar/Exenatide decreased systolic BP (mean − 8.1 mmHg [95%CI − 13.9 to − 2.4], p = 0.008) and diastolic BP (mean − 5.1 mmHg [− 9.0 to − 1.3], p = 0.012) compared to baseline, with no significant changes in HR or RHI. Notably, baseline-adjusted RHI (mean ± SE) did not differ between the groups at 8-weeks (Glar 2.07 ± 0.10; Glar/Lispro 2.00 ± 0.10; Glar/Exenatide 1.81 ± 0.10; p = 0.19), nor did baseline-adjusted BP or HR. There were no differences between the groups in baseline-adjusted RHI, BP or HR after 12-weeks washout.ConclusionAdding either exenatide or lispro to basal insulin therapy does not appear to affect fasting endothelial function in early T2DM.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02194595.

Meta-analysis and meta-regression of the total endovascular aortic repair in aortic arch.

Background: The total endovascular repair of the aortic arch is becoming more and more an acceptable alternative to the open repair in selected patients. The aim of the present study is to perform a meta-analysis of the available data on the outcomes of the various endovascular techniques used to treat the pathologies in this challenging anatomical area. Patients and methods: An extensive electronic search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct Databases, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. All papers published up to January 2022 on the endovascular techniques in the aortic arch (chimney-thoracic endovascular aortic repair (ChTEVAR), fenestrated/branched grafts as custom made devices (CMD) and surgeon modified TEVAR (SM TEVAR) providing information about at least one of the essential outcomes defined in the inclusion criteria. Results: Out of the 5078 studies found through the search in the databases and registers, 26 studies with a total number of patients of 2327 with 3497 target vessels were included in the analysis. The studies reported a high technical success rate with an estimated proportion of 95.8% (95% CI, 93-97.6%). Moreover, the pooled estimation of the early type Ia/III endoleak was 8.1% (95% CI, 5.4-12.1%). The pooled mortality was 4.6% (95 CI, 3.2-6.6%) with a significant heterogeneity and the stroke had an estimated proportion (major and minor combined) of 4.8% (95% CI, 3.5-6.6%). A meta-regression analysis showed no significant variation between the groups in mortality (P=.324) showed however a significant difference between the therapeutic methods regarding stroke P<.001 (lower rate in ChTEVAR and SM vs. CMD). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis could demonstrate good short- and long-term outcomes of the multiple total endovascular repair methods used in the aortic arch.

Pollen morphological study and temperature effect on the pollen germination of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) varieties

Temperature is one of the main environmental factors that affects plant growth and development. Flowering phenology mainly pollination is highly sensitive to temperature extremes. Thus, pollen tests can be used as a tool to screen temperature tolerant crops. In present study, the in vitro pollen germination method was used for screening cashew varieties at different temperatures. The pollens of five cashew varieties comprising three early (VRI-3, Vengurla-4 and Ullal-3), one mid (Bhaskara) and one late (Madakkathara-2) were screened in field (in vivo) as well as at controlled temperatures from 5 to 50°C. The morphological features of pollen grains were also studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Significant differences in polar axis (P), equatorial axis (E) and P/E ratio were observed among five cashew varieties. Early varieties had high P and E. Pollen germination under in vivo was high for early types with optimum temperature (Topt) of 25°C while it was low in mid and late types with Topt of 30°C. The in vitro study further confirmed this finding, pollen germination at 25°C was 75% in early types while it was 57.8 and 50.5% for mid and late types respectively at 30°C. However, mid and late varieties exhibited better tolerance to high temperature beyond 40°C suggesting their wider adaptability to high temperature. The high reducing sugars mainly glucose and fructose in pollens of early varieties may be correlated to high pollen germination in response to temperature. Overall, the varietal differences in pollen behaviour can be used to select cashew varieties for evaluating their adaptability to temperature extremes during flowering across various regions.

Jarid2 promotes temporal progression of retinal progenitors via repression of Foxp1

Transitions in competence underlie the ability of CNS progenitors to generate a diversity of neurons and glia. Retinal progenitor cells in mouse generate early-born cell types embryonically and late-born cell types largely postnatally. We find that the transition from early to late progenitor competence is regulated by Jarid2. Loss of Jarid2 results in extended production of early cell types and extended expression of early progenitor genes. Jarid2 can regulate histone modifications, and we find reduction of repressive mark H3K27me3 on a subset of early progenitor genes with loss of Jarid2, most notably Foxp1. We show that Foxp1 regulates the competence to generate early-born retinal cell types, promotes early and represses late progenitor gene expression, and is required for extending early retinal cell production after loss of Jarid2. We conclude that Jarid2 facilitates progression of retinal progenitor temporal identity by repressing Foxp1, which is a primary regulator of early temporal patterning.

The pride of lions around Messier 105

ABSTRACTWe undertook a search for new dwarf galaxies in the Leo-I group using the data from the DECaLS digital sky survey. Five new presumed members of this group have been found in a wide vicinity of ${\rm M}\, 105 ({\rm NGC}\, 3379$). Currently, the group has a population of 83 galaxies, 33 of which have measured radial velocities. More than half of the group members belong to early types with no signs of ongoing star formation. About a quarter of the galaxies are outside the group’s virial radius, R= 385 kpc. The presence of multiple systems with a size of about 15 kpc is evident in the group, but there are no noticeable global flat or filamentary substructures. The luminosity function of the group looks to be deficient in galaxies with absolute magnitudes in the interval MB = [−18, −15] mag. The ${\rm M}\, 105$ group is characterized by a radial velocity dispersion of 136 km s−1, orbital mass estimate (5.76 ± 1.32) × 1012 M⊙, and the total mass-to-K-band-luminosity ratio (17.8 ± 4.1)M⊙/L⊙. The neighbouring group of galaxies around ${\rm M}\, 66 ({\rm NGC}\, 3627$) has a similar virial radius, 390 kpc, velocity dispersion, 135 km s−1, and total mass-to-luminosity ratio, (15.6 ± 3.9)M⊙/L⊙. Both groups in the Leo constellation are approaching the Local Group with a velocity of about 100 km s−1. In the background of the ${\rm M}\, 105$ group, we noted a group of 6 galaxies with an unusually low virial mass-to-luminosity ratio, MT/LK = (4.1 ± 2.2) M⊙/L⊙.

The relation between morphology, star formation history, and environment in local Universe galaxies

ABSTRACT The observed properties of galaxies are strongly dependent on both their total stellar mass and their morphology. Furthermore, the environment is known to play a strong role in shaping them. The galaxy population in the local Universe that is located in virialized clusters is found to be red, poorly star-forming, and mostly composed of early morphological types. Towards a holistic understanding of the mechanisms that drive galaxy evolution, we exploit the spectrophotometric data from the WINGS and OmegaWINGS local galaxy cluster surveys, and study the role of both the local and the large-scale environments. We attempt to disentangle their effects from the intrinsic characteristics of the galaxies, in shaping the star formation activity at fixed morphological type and stellar mass. Using a sample of field galaxies from the same surveys for comparison, we analyse the effects of the environment, embodied by the local density, clustercentric distance, and close neighbours, respectively, on the star formation histories of cluster galaxies. We find that local effects have a more relevant impact on galaxy stellar properties than the large-scale environment, and that morphology needs to be taken into account to pinpoint the mechanisms that are driving the influence of clusters in galaxy evolution.

Scientific Analysis on the Manufacturing Technique of Early Historic Pottery of Bangladesh: Application of Experimental Archaeology

The present study wants to identify the making technique of an early historic pottery type of Bangladesh and for this research potshard samples were collected from archaeological excavated site with documented stratigraphic data. The used method for analysis is known as ‘Polished thin-section’ which is now commonly using for petrographic analysis in modern world. Another important aspect for this archaeological analysis is experiment to reproduction of the same quality object, and present research did successful replication of an early historic pottery of Bangladesh known as ‘Northern Black Polished ware’ or NBPW. Archaeological pottery analysis with modern scientific method is still faces challenges in Bangladesh because lack of proper knowledge and absence of modern equipped laboratory. Prepared Thin-section petrography from collected samples shows that NBPW of Bangladesh has possess thin polished surface of multi-layered coating. The practical experiments were successful by achieving the reproduction of a black colored surface which is almost resembled with original potsherd of Northern Black Polished Ware. This research tells us a story of vigorous cultural aesthetic behavior as well as provides information on scientific sustainable technique of pottery decoration.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CERTAINTY FACTOR METHOD IN PEST AND DISEASE DIAGNOSIS IN HYDROPONIC PLANTS

Pest and disease attacks often occur in hydroponic plants so that many plants are damaged and result in losses for farmers or crop failure. The problem of pests and plant diseases is the main obstacle in increasing agricultural productivity, these conditions affect farmers' income and the provision of hydroponic plant food. The farmers do not know what types of pests and symptoms of diseases attack plants, making it difficult to handle diseases on hydroponic plants. Likewise for hydroponic plants located at the Agricultural Service of Asahan Regency which are attacked by pests, hydroponic experts say that the appearance of small leaf spots appears on the upper side of the leaves that damage hydroponic plants and because the cause of pests that cause disease in hydroponic plants is unknown, so farmers are hesitant to take countermeasures. An expert system is a computer program designed to make decisions such as decisions taken by an expert or expert. Therefore, an expert system with the Certainty Factor method is made in the diagnosis of pests and diseases in hydroponic plants. The purpose of this study was to apply the certanity factor method to diagnose pests and diseases in hydroponic plants. The results of the pest data test found spider mites with a confidence level of 79% and wet rot disease with a confidence level of 62%. The conclusion obtained is that the certainty factor method can detect early types of pests and diseases on hydroponic plants quickly and accurately.

Progressive Ataxia, Memory Impairments, and Seizure Episodes in Spna2 R1098Q Mouse Variant Affecting Alpha II Spectrin’s Scaffold Stability

SPTAN1 spectrinopathies refer to a group of rare, inherited diseases associated with damage to non-erythrocytic α-II spectrin (α-II). They are linked to a range of mild to severe neuropathologies of the central and peripheral nervous systems, such as early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 5, cerebellar ataxia, inherited peripheral neuropathy, and spastic paraplegia. Modeling human SPTAN1 encephalopathies in laboratory animals has been challenging partially because no haploinsufficiency-related phenotypes unfold in heterozygous Spna2 deficient mice nor stable transgenic lines of mice mimicking missense human SPTAN1 mutations have been created to date. Here, we assess the motor and memory performance of a dominant-negative murine Spna2 (SPTAN1) variant carrying a spontaneous point mutation replacing an arginine 1098 in the repeat 10th of α-II with the glutamine (R1098Q). By comparing groups of heterozygous R1098Q mice at different ages, we find evidence for progressive ataxia, and age-related deterioration of motor performance and muscle strength. We also document stress-induced, long-lasting seizure episodes of R1098Q mice and their poor performance in novel object recognition memory tests. Overall, we propose that the complexity of neuropathology-related phenotypes presented by the R1098Q mice recapitulates a number of symptoms observed in human patients carrying SPTAN1 mutations affecting α-II scaffold stability. This makes the R1098Q mice a valuable animal model for preclinical research.

Nascent Geographic Atrophy as a Predictor of Type 3 Macular Neovascularization Development

To investigate the association of nascent geographic atrophy (GA) preceding the development of exudative type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Retrospective longitudinal study. AMD patients diagnosed with treatment-naïve exudative type 3 MNV in one or both eyes were evaluated. Inclusion criteria included serial tracked structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations for ≥ 2 years prior to the detection of exudative type 3 MNV. Clinical characteristics and retinal imaging including structural OCT at baseline and at each follow-up examination were analyzed. Eyes showing the presence of nascent GA during the follow-up were selected for analysis of prevalence, and clinical characteristics at the site of subsequent type 3 MNV development. Description of prevalence and clinical characteristics of nascent GA at the site of subsequent type 3 MNV development. Ninety-seven eyes affected by type 3 MNV meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. Of 97 eyes (71 patients), 22 eyes of 21 patients (mean age 82±9 years) showed nascent GA preceding exudative type 3 MNV. The observed prevalence of nascent GA preceding exudative type 3 MNV was 22.7% (95% CI: 14.4-31.0%). Exudative Type 3 MNV developed a mean of 9±6 months following detection of nascent GA. The presence of reticular pseudodrusen in the study eye did not significantly influence the timing of exudative type 3 MNV development after the observation of nascent GA (p>0.1 in all analyses). Reduced BCVA was recorded at the exudative type 3 stage in comparison to the nascent GA stage (p=0.003). As nascent GA may precede the development of exudative type 3 MNV, the detection of nascent GA in eyes with AMD may warrant closer surveillance in order to identify early exudative type 3 MNV warranting treatment.

SERS-based detection of early Type 1 diabetes mellitus biomarkers: Glutamate decarboxylase antibody and insulin autoantibody

Glutamate decarboxylase antibody (GADA) and insulin autoantibody (IAA) are essential biomarkers for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). These islet autoantibodies are present in the serum of patients and are useful for the early diagnosis of T1DM. In this study, we developed a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay for the detection of two T1DM-related autoantibodies, GADA and IAA. GADA and IAA are specifically captured by their antigens immobilized on the mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA)-functionalized silver substrates. They can be quantitatively detected based on the Raman frequency shifts of the cross-linker MBA. Combined with a 96-well plate, the immunoassay enabled a high-throughput analysis of the two biomarkers. The results suggest that the proposed method has significant potential for clinical application in rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput screening of T1DM.

Numerical study of sonic boom propagation through atmospheric turbulence using open data of weather research and forecasting

Sonic boom noise is a major issue to be addressed for the realization of supersonic transport, and has therefore attracted considerable attention among stakeholders as well as researchers. In particular, the deformation of waveforms and changes in noise levels due to atmospheric turbulence have been studied from the viewpoint of assessing annoyance and certification standards. Atmospheric turbulence conditions vary depending on the environmental factors (e.g. region, season, time), and it is essentially a chaotic phenomenon; therefore, statistical evaluation is necessary to understand its effect. Although many studies on the effects of atmospheric turbulence on sonic booms have been conducted, few studies have investigated realistic trends of atmospheric turbulence. In this study, numerical analysis of sonic boom propagation considering atmospheric turbulence is performed for C609, an early type of NASA's X-59 Low-Boom Flight Demonstrator. The model equation for propagation is heterogeneous one-way approximation for the resolution of diffraction (HOWARD) and the Wilson and Ostashev model is chosen to define the atmospheric turbulence spectra. The parameters characterizing the atmospheric turbulence are set based on publicly available datasets of weather research and forecasting simulation. The sonic boom waveforms obtained by the numerical simulations and their noise level variations are statistically processed and evaluated.

The satellite population around luminous red galaxies in the 25 deg2 DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Early Data Release

ABSTRACT Luminous red galaxies, or LRGs, are representative of the most massive galaxies and were originally selected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey as good tracers of large-scale structure. They are dominated by by uniformly old stellar populations, have low star formation rates, early type morphologies, and little cold gas. Despite having old stellar populations and little in situ star formation, studies have shown that they have grown their stellar mass since z = 1, implying that they grow predominantly via the accretion of satellites. Tests of this picture have been limited because of the lack of deep imaging data sets that both covers a large enough area of the sky to contain substantial numbers of LRGs and that also is deep enough to detect faint satellites. We use the 25 deg2 Early Data Release (EDR) of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys to characterize the satellite galaxy population of LRGs out to z = 0.65. The DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys are comprised of grz imaging to 2–2.5 mag deeper than SDSS and with better image quality. We use a new statistical background technique to identify excess populations of putative satellite galaxies around 1823 LRGs at 0.2 &amp;lt; z &amp;lt; 0.65. In three redshift and luminosity bins we measure the numbers of satellite galaxies and their r−z colour distribution down to rest-frame g-band luminosity limits at least 3.6 times fainter than L*. In addition, we develop a forward modeling technique and apply it to constrain the mean number of satellites in each of our redshift and luminosity bins. Finally, we use these estimates to determine the amount of stellar mass growth in LRGs down to the local Universe.

Maximum amplitude and mean platelet volume in the blood as biomarkers to detect lung adenocarcinoma cancer featured with ground-glass nodules

Objectives The development and progression of malignancies are closely linked to hypercoagulability. As an early type of lung adenocarcinoma, ground glass nodules (GGNs) have been detected increasingly. Blood Maximum amplitude (MA) and mean platelet volume (MPV) are related to various conditions of hypercoagulability. Therefore, the role of MA and MPV in diagnosing lung adenocarcinoma cancer featured with GGNs was investigated in this case-control study. Methods The analyzed data of this study is derived from GGNs patients and healthy individuals in West China (Airport) Hospital Sichuan University. The differences between GGNs patients and healthy individuals were determined by one-way ANOVA, logistic regression or chi-squared test. The accuracy of diagnostic was performed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The relative mRNA expressions were studied by RT-qPCR. Results 470 patients diagnosed with GGNs which benign lesions (BN group) are inflammatory and malignant lesions (LC group) are adenocarcinoma in stage IA, and 235 healthy subjects (HC group) were enrolled in this study. Levels of MA and MPV were increased in LC group compared with BN and HC group ( p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001). When we combined MA and MPV, MA and MPV presented a sensitivity (SEN) of 0.809 and a specificity (SPE) of 0.774. And the area under the curve (AUC) increased to 0.871 (0.837–0.900) when confidence interval was 95%. Conclusion This study demonstrates that there have been systemic changes in coagulation disorders in the pathogenesis of GGNs. The diagnostic ability to different lung adenocarcinoma cancer featured with GGNs from benign or healthy controls can be improved by the combination of MA and MPV. Maximum amplitude and MPV may be used as biomarkers to detect lung adenocarcinoma cancer featured with GGNs.

Early Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Threshold Acquisition U-Net

Considering the problem that the early fault signal of rolling bearing is easily interfered with by background information, such as noise, and it is difficult to extract fault features, a method of rolling bearing early fault diagnosis based on the threshold acquisition U-Net (TA-UNet) is proposed. First, to improve the feature extraction ability of U-Net, the channel spatial threshold acquisition network (CS-TAN) and the dilated convolution module (DCM) based on different dilated rate combinations are introduced into the U-Net to construct the TA-UNet. Among them, the CS-TAN can adaptively learn the threshold, reduce the interference of noise in the signal, and the DCM can improve the multi-scale feature extraction ability of the network. Then, the TA-UNet is used for early fault diagnosis, and the method is divided into two steps: The model training phase and the vibration signal fault feature extraction phase. In the first step, additive gaussian white noise is added to the vibration signal to obtain the noise-added vibration signal, and the TA-UNet is trained to learn how to denoise the noise-added vibration signal. In the second step, the trained TA-UNet is used to extract the fault features of vibration signals and diagnose the early fault types of rolling bearing. The two-step method solves the problem that U-Net, as a supervised neural network, needs corresponding labeled data to be trained, as it realizes the fault diagnosis of unlabeled data. The feature extraction capability of the TA-UNet is evaluated by denoising the simulated signal of rolling bearing. The effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic method is demonstrated by the early fault diagnosis of open-source datasets.

Early type 2 diabetes treatment intensification with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in primary care: An Australian perspective on guidelines and the global evidence.

Early and intensive management of type 2 diabetes has been shown to delay disease progression, reduce the risk of cardiorenal complications and prolong time to treatment failure. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are being increasingly recognized for their potential in early disease management, with recent guideline updates recommending second-line use of this injectable drug class alongside oral glucose-lowering drugs. GLP-1RAs target at least six of the eight core defects implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and offer significant glycaemic and weight-related improvements over other second-line agents in head-to-head trials. In addition, placebo-controlled clinical trials have shown cardiovascular protection with GLP-1RA use. Even so, this therapeutic class is underused in primary care, largely owing to clinical inertia and patient-related barriers to early intensification with GLP-1RAs. Fortunately, clinicians can overcome barriers to treatment acceptance through patient education and training, and management of treatment expectations. In this review we comment on global and Australian guideline updates and evidence in support of early intensification with this therapeutic class, and provide clinicians with practical advice for GLP-1RA use in primary care.