Early Tooth Eruption Research Articles

Evaluation of Dental Development in Children with Pulpal Infection Due to Dental Caries in Immature Permanent First Molars

First permanent molars, are particularly susceptible to caries.This study aimed to assess the impact of early tooth development on dental caries in children. A total of 220 patients (121 girls, 99 boys) with pulpal infection due to dental caries in immature permanent first molar teeth, aged between 6 and 10.5 years, were considered for inclusion in the study group. A control group of 220 healthy patients with matched age and gender, was evaluated. The chronological age of the patients and information about the affected teeth were recorded. Dental ages were calculated using the Demirjian method. The obtained data were statistically analysed using the t-test, Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, Fisher Freeman Halton test, and Pearson Chi-square test (p<0.05). When comparing the differences between dental age and chronological age (DA-CA) averages between the study and control groups, DA-CA average was 0.16 in control group and 0.68 in study group. with the difference being statistically significant (p<0.001). Early eruption of permanent first molar teeth due to early dental development may increase the risk of decay in these teeth.

The number of erupted teeth as a risk factor for dental caries in eighteen-month-old children: a cross‑sectional study

BackgroundDental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, affecting lifelong as well as children. Therefore, it is important to clarify factors related to early childhood caries (ECC) in a younger population in terms of caries prevention. However, the prevalence of ECC is low in developed countries in the twenty-first century and a large-scale survey is needed to clarify the risk factors. Furthermore, earlier tooth eruption is not taken into consideration in most studies of ECC, even though it may be a factor of ECC. The present study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries in children aged 18 months in a core city of Japan.MethodsFindings from a total of 7351 children aged 18 months were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight, as well as an oral examination and a microbiological caries-risk test, were performed. Additionally, a structured interview sheet was provided to the parents or guardians. Findings of dental caries at 18 months of age were evaluated using a logistic regression model.ResultsOf the enrolled children, 1.2% had experienced dental caries. Multivariable logistic regression analysis results indicated a significant association with dental caries at 18 months of age for the following factors: second child (OR = 1.78; 95% CI:1.08–2.93, P < 0.05), third and later child (OR = 2.08; 95% CI:1.12–3.89, P < 0.05), 12 or fewer erupted teeth (OR = 0.47; 95% CI:0.24–0.96, P < 0.05), 17 or more erupted teeth (OR = 4.37; 95% CI:1.63–11.7, P < 0.01), Cariostat score (+ + +) (OR = 3.99; 95% CI:1.29–12.31, P < 0.05), daily eating before bed (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.55–4.45, P < 0.001), three or more snacks per day (OR = 2.03; 95% CI:1.15–3.58, P < 0.05), and breastfeeding (OR = 3.30; 95% CI:2.00–5.44, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the number of erupted teeth, as well as birth order, eating habits, and breastfeeding, are significant factors in dental caries occurrence at 18 months of age.

Evaluation of the Impact of Body Mass Index on Tooth Development, Tooth Eruption and Dental Caries Formation in Childhood: A Cross-sectional Study

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of different body mass index status on dental caries, tooth development, and tooth eruption regarding the development of dental tissues and dental health problems. Materials &amp;amp; Methods: One-hundred-seventy-six children, aged between 3-12 years old, were included in the study and distributed into 4 groups (n:44) according to their body mass index as underweight, healthy, overweight, and obesity. Data on tooth development, tooth eruption, and dental caries were recorded by using modified Demirjian, Carvalho, and decayed-missing-filled-tooth (DMFT), respectively. According to the obtained data, p&amp;lt;0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: According to the results, DMFT was significantly higher in children with underweight than overweight and obesity whereas, whereas earlier tooth eruption was seen in children with healthy and obesity than underweight (p&amp;lt;0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of DMFT (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: Dental caries was higher in children with malnourishment while tooth eruption was earlier in children with obesity. Therefore, general practitioners or pediatricians should be aware of the oral effects of obesity or malnutrition and consult a pediatric dentist.

Association between obesity and early tooth eruption in adolescents: Findings from a popu-lation-based cohort study in southern Brazil.

Obesity is a prevalent chronic condition affecting children and adults worldwide, and it seems to influence the timing of tooth eruption. The aim of this study was to assess the as-sociation between weight status at age 12 and the eruption of permanent teeth at ages 12 and 14-15 among schoolchildren from southern Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, and included a representative sample of 1,528 12-year-old schoolchildren. After 2.5 years, 801 individuals were reexamined. Baseline data collection included a questionnaire, the record-ing of anthropometric measures (height and weight), and clinical examination to register the number of erupted permanent teeth. At follow-up, the eruption stage of second perma-nent molars was recorded. Statistical analysis used Poisson regression. Overweight and obese individuals were 32% and 88% more likely to have com-plete permanent dentition at age 12, respectively (overweight, PR=1.32, 95%CI=1.13-1.55; obese, PR=1.88, 95%CI=1.75-2.02). Obese 12-year-olds were more likely to present erupt-ed #17, #27, #37, and #47 at age 12 and to present completely erupted second molars at age 14-15 than normal weight ones. This population-based study found a significant association between over-weight/obesity at age 12 and early tooth eruption at ages 12 and 14-15 among schoolchil-dren from southern Brazil. Key words:Tooth eruption, Obesity, Permanent teeth, Epidemiology.

Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome, neonatal teeth and breastfeeding impairment: a case report

ABSTRACT Because of multisystemic impairment in patients with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, multidisciplinary care may be demanded since birth to assure breastfeeding. This report presents a case of an Ellis-van Creveld infant that was facing breastfeeding difficulties because of maxillary neonatal teeth. A 3 months old male infant with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome was referred to Pediatric Dentistry Department because of two upper neonatal teeth causing breastfeeding difficulties. Clinical examination revealed that teeth position was compatible to 51 and 61, and both presented uncommon ectopic soft tissue placement, conical crown and hypoplastic enamel covered by a large amount of dental biofilm. Radiography indicated they were of normal series and had 2/3 of crown completion. Due to teeth mobility that impaired breastfeeding, treatment option was exodontia. Early tooth eruption, such as in natal and neonatal teeth, by itself can’t be considered a reason for exodontia. But exodontia must be considered when an early erupted tooth(s) impairs breastfeeding, especially in systemically compromised infants. In this present case report, after teeth extraction, the infant was able to breastfeed and gain weight properly.

Age estimation from eruption of permanent teeth in school children

Aim: To study the age estimation from eruption of permanent teeth in school children. Objective: 1) To study eruption of permanent teeth in a child of age group from 6 years to 14 years. 2) To study and compare eruption timings of maxillary and mandibular teeth between boys and girls. Material and Methods: This was a prospective study. A random sample of 180 school children in the age group of 6 to 14 years was selected. The mean age of eruption of individual permanent teeth was recorded and result was analysis. Result: The study population included 99 boys constituting 54.995% and 81 girls constituting 44.997% of the total sample. In the age group of 6 years, the first permanent molar teeth was found to be erupted. In the age group of 14 years, all the permanent teeth except third molar had erupted. Girls showed early tooth eruption compared to boys. Mandibular teeth erupted earlier than maxillary teeth in both the sexes. Right and left side teeth erupted at same time in both the arches. Conclusion: The mean ages of eruption obtained from the present study are strikingly comparable with those of other investigators in different population across the world. Keywords: Federation Dentaire International (FDI).

Four novel mutations of FAM20A in amelogenesis imperfecta type IG and review of literature for its genotype and phenotype spectra.

Amelogenesis imperfecta type IG (AI1G) is caused by mutations in FAM20A. Genotypic and phenotypic features of AI1G are diverse and their full spectra remain to be characterized. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize variants in FAM20A in a broad population of patients with AI1G. We identified a Thai female (Pt-1) and a Saudi male (Pt-2) affected with AI1G. Both had hypoplastic enamel, gingival hyperplasia, and intrapulpal calcification. Pt-1 also had rapidly progressive embedding of unerupted teeth, early eruption of permanent teeth, and spontaneous dental infection. Uniquely, Pt-2 had all permanent teeth erupted which was uncommon in AI1G patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified that Pt-1 was heterozygous for FAM20A, c.758A > G (p.Tyr253Cys), inherited from her father. The mutation on maternal allele was not detected by WES. Pt-2 possessed compound heterozygous mutations, c.1248dupG (p.Phe417Valfs*7); c.1081C > T (p.Arg361Cys) in FAM20A. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), cDNA sequencing, and whole genome sequencing successfully identified 7531bp deletion on Pt-1's maternal allele. This was the largest FAM20A deletion ever found. A review of all 70 patients from 50 independent families with AI1G (including two families in this study) showed that the penetrance of hypoplastic enamel and gingival hyperplasia was complete. Unerupted permanent teeth were found in all 70 patients except Pt-2. Exons 1 and 11 were mutation-prone. Most mutations were frameshift. Certain variants showed founder effect. To conclude, this study reviews and expands phenotypic and genotypic spectra of AI1G. A large deletion missed by WES can be detected by WGS. Hypoplastic enamel, gingival hyperplasia, and unerupted permanent teeth prompt genetic testing of FAM20A. Screening of nephrocalcinosis, early removal of embedded teeth, and monitoring of dental infection are recommended.

Le syndrome ADNP (protéine neuroprotectrice dépendante de l’activité) lié à la déficience intellectuelle et aux troubles du spectre autistique : une revue de la littérature

BackgroundRecently described in 2014, the activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) syndrome combines a neurodevelopmental delay (intellectual disability and/or autism) with multiple body organ involvements. ADNP syndrome is a prevalent syndromic autism spectrum disorder caused by a single de novo mutation, leading to an increasing interest in the ADNP gene as well in clinical and behavioral manifestations of the syndrome. However, the full extent of ADNP syndrome is unknown and a comprehensive clinical overview is needed. AimWe report the current state of knowledge about ADNP syndrome, five years after its discovery. This literature review offers a clinical description and specifies the diagnostic tools and the management of this rare syndrome. MethodsWe conducted a literature review on the ADNP syndrome from April 2014 to July 2019, based on Medline bibliographic data, via the PubMed server. We completed our search with a manual search. ResultsEighteen articles provide clinical descriptions of patients with ADNP syndrome. Six articles describe a series of cases or a descriptive cohort study. Twelve articles report isolated clinical cases. The literature review emphasizes the importance of whole-exome sequencing, in order to establish an early diagnosis of the ADNP syndrome, in cases of polymalformative syndrome associated with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder. An early primary tooth eruption (almost fully erupted dentition by 1 year of age), a coloboma and/or a blepharophimosis are suggestive features, knowing that many organs may be involved (cerebro-cranio-facial malformations, gastrointestinal, cardiac, urogenital, musculoskeletal in particular). Strikingly, individuals with the recurrent p.Tyr719* mutation were more severely affected. Management requires close collaboration between somaticians and psychiatrists. Improvements may be achieved over time when intensive multidimensional and integrative care is provided. It is worth noting that clinical research is underway to offer ADNP children a target-specific therapeutic strategy, using novel biologically active ADNP peptides. ConclusionExtensive knowledge concerning the ADNP syndrome is very recent. Early recognition of ADNP syndrome is required to improve the multidisciplinary management and quality of life of affected patients and their families. Genetic testing with next generation sequencing strategies such as whole exome sequencing is compulsory for patients with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability and multiple congenital anomalies.

Does Body Mass Index affect Tooth Eruption Sequence? A Study among 6-7 Years Old Schoolchildren in Chennai, India.

ABSTRACTBackgroundChanges in eruption pattern cause malocclusion and crowding, which lead to poor oral hygiene as well as periodontal disorders. Hence, it is important for the dentist to know the exact tooth eruption sequence to educate the parents. Tooth eruption sequence we follow is based on the Western population.AimAs Indian population differs from the Western population in ethnicity, racially, and dietary habits, etc., an attempt was undertaken to compare eruption sequence of Indian children in accordance with the Western population and also to correlate whether body mass index (BMI) affects tooth eruption.Materials and methodsBody mass index and eruption status of permanent mandibular central incisors and first molars were recorded among 529 schoolchildren in Chennai. Eruption status was examined with the help of mouth mirrors and illumination under natural light. The recorded data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 and were analyzed using Chi-square test, z test, and Spearman's correlation test. Level of significance was set as 0.05.ResultsEruption values attained from our study were not consistent with the eruption values reported by Logan and Kronfeld. The present study showed that girls have early tooth eruption than boys. Our findings showed negative correlation with respect to BMI and eruption sequence of 31 (r = −0.133), 41 (r = −0.140), 36 (r = −0.08), and 46 (r = −0.076).ConclusionEruption values reported by Logan and Kronfeld are inappropriate for Indian population. It is also found that obese children had delayed tooth eruption when compared with underweight children who had early tooth eruption.How to cite this articleAnu V, Brindha JR, Carol PT, et al. Does Body Mass Index affect Tooth Eruption Sequence? A Study among 6–7 Years Old Schoolchildren in Chennai, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):261–263.

Studija o nicanju trajnih zuba kod dece uzrasta od pet do deset godina koja su posetila Stomatološki fakultet u gradu Mangalore u Indiji

Teeth are biological markers of maturity, and their eruption into the oral cavity is an essential milestone in an individual's life. Multiple factors have been considered to play a role in the pattern of tooth eruption, including dental caries, fluorides and congenital conditions such as Down's syndrome. The aim of the paper was to determine the time of eruption of permanent teeth amongst children aged between five and ten years, visiting the Dental College in Mangalore. A survey was conducted among children aged between 5 to 10 years visiting A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences Deralakatte, Mangalore. Each child included in the study was screened by clinical examination for the erupted and erupting permanent teeth. A parent/guardian accompanying a child was interviewed and their data were recorded. The study revealed that the first tooth to erupt was the left mandibular first molar, with a mean age of eruption at 6.4 years. A slight early eruption of teeth was noticed in the left side of the jaw compared to the right side in the present study. The first permanent tooth to erupt in the oral cavity is the left mandibular first molar and there is a slight delay in the eruption of the maxillary lateral incisor in the study population.

Schultz’s rule in domesticated mammals

Schultz’s rule predicts early eruption of replacement teeth (incisors, canines, and premolars) relative to molars as growth slows and life history events take place over a greater span of time. Here, we investigate if the opposite trend might occur during the domestication process as a consequence of an accelerated life-history and driven by increased energetic needs. We provide new data on tooth eruption in four mammalian species and their domesticated forms: wolf and dog, polecat and ferret, bezoar and goat, wild boar and pig. Our results show some variation in eruption sequences between wild and domestic forms, but none that is consistent and reliably distinct from intraspecific variation. There may be variation in the absolute timing of dental eruption, but despite well documented changes across life history variables, which distinguish wild from domestic forms, eruption sequences remained constant in each wild and domestic version of the species we examined. A conserved eruption sequence is in accordance with many earlier studies, which found no evidence for Schultz’s rule in some wild clades of mammals. Phylogenetic conservation and functional factors likely play an important role in constraining patterns of growth and tooth eruption in these mammals. Furthermore, we suggest that the domestication processes started too recently for fundamental changes of tooth eruption sequences to occur.

Early childhood caries in five to seven-year-old children, having as variants the mode of delivery and mutans streptococci colonization: a pilot study

Introduction: The oral cavity is colonized by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa [1]. Early oral colonizers are related to the mode of delivery, personal relationships, and the surrounding environment. These will be responsible for subsequent colonization, which will lead to a more complex and stable ecosystem in adult life [2]. The first exposure to microorganisms in children born by vaginal delivery occurs during passage of the vaginal canal, while children born by caesarean section have their first contact with the mother’s skin and with medical equipment [3]. Streptococcus Mutans is recognized as the main bacteria etiological factor of dental caries in humans [4]. The initial acquisition of Streptococcus mutans can be influenced by several factors, such as bacterial levels in maternal saliva, low birth weight, poor oral hygiene, low socioeconomic and educational level, early eruption of primary teeth, prolonged bottle feeding and still high consumption of sucrose [5]. It is documented that children with caries in a deciduous dentition have a higher risk of developing caries in the final dentition, leading to life-long oral health consequences [6]. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between the type of delivery (vaginal/ caesarean) and colonization of Streptococcus Mutans and establish a relationship between the colonization of Streptococcus Mutans and the early caries in children aged 5 to 7 years. Materials and methods: The Committee of Ethics of the Egas Moniz Cooperativa de Ensino superior CRL approved this study unanimously. All participants signed an informed consent. This study was carried out in the Pediatric Dentistry clinics of the Egas Moniz University Clinic. The sample consists of 40 children, between 5 and 7 years of age. Saliva samples were collected to quantify the density of Streptococcus Mutans present in the oral cavity. The CRT® bacteria test from Ivoclar Vivadent was used. The mother of each child completed an inquiry that contained socio demographic questions about pregnancy, childbirth, hygiene and eating habits of children, and the DMFT index of the children was calculated. Data were submitted to a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, using the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney, Fisher and Kruskal-Wallis tests in IBM SPSS Statistics 24®. Results: There was no relationship between the type of delivery and the colonization of Streptococcus Mutans. Children with high values of caries index had a higher density of bacterial colonies. (p = 0.036) Discussion and conclusions: Despite the results, it would be beneficial to carry out new studies in order to facilitate the development of strategies capable of preventing or delaying the colonization of Streptococcus mutans in children.

Early Eruption of Teeth in Girls.

Early Eruption of Teeth in Girls.

Association between secondhand smoke exposure and early eruption of deciduous teeth: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTIONSecondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a risk factor for early childhood caries. Here we examined the association between SHS exposure and early tooth eruption (ETE) to clarify the additional etiology of an increased chance of contact between the tooth’s surface and acid produced by fermenting oral bacteria.METHODSData of 388 child–mother pairs who attended health checkups at public health centers were assessed for children aged ≥18 months. SHS exposure was reported as maternal smoking during pregnancy and household smoking after birth. Associations between SHS exposure and ETE (≥3 canines in the oral cavity) were tested using multivariable analyses of the dose-response relationship. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed for birth-weight subgroups and SHS exposure variables, respectively.RESULTSETE prevalence was 65.5%, 68.1%, and 76.9% in the no, medium-dose (ceased partway and sometimes), and highest-dose (every day) exposure groups, respectively, during pregnancy, and 61.5%, 75.0%, and 75.5%, respectively, after birth. The association between the highest dose exposure during pregnancy and ETE was not significant (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.34–5.96, p=0.631), whereas that between highest dose exposure after birth and ETE was significant (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.06–4.31, p=0.034); this association was distinct in the subgroup of children with smaller birth weights (<3000 g) (OR=3.19, 95% CI: 1.08–9.44, p=0.036). The dose-response relationship was consistently significant for exposure after birth (p<0.05). The sensitivity analysis that employed no SHS exposure, as a reference, revealed that exposure after birth but no exposure during pregnancy was significantly associated with ETE (OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.19–4.40, p=0.013). However, the association between exposure during pregnancy and ETE was consistently non-significant (p>0.05).CONCLUSIONSWhen controlling for variables of birth weight and exposure type, SHS exposure after birth was independently associated with the early eruption of deciduous canines. Further studies are warranted to examine the trajectory of SHS exposure after birth, ETE, and early childhood caries incidence.ABBREVIATIONSETE: Early tooth eruption, SHS: Secondhand smoke

Evaluation of Factors Related to the First Deciduous Tooth Eruption Time in Infants Born in Hamadan, Iran

Background: Pattern of tooth eruption (TE) may vary in different communities and may be affected by many factors. It also may cause nutritional problems in infants and anxiety in parents. The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between birth weight and other factors contributing to the time of the first TE. Methods: The current study employed the multistage sampling method to select 126 infants admitted to the health centers of Hamadan, Iran. Health records of infants were listed and relevant information was collected using a questionnaire and interviewing the parents. The tooth emergence was considered as TE in the current study. Finally, the recruited infants were examined for the eruption of the first primary tooth. Descriptive, linear, and the curve regression tests were used with SPSS version 16. Results: Despite the significant differences in weight and height between male and female infants, no significant relationship was observed between time of the first primary TE and most of the studied variables. Height, feeding with formula, family income, and mother’s age had inverse effects on TE time. Infants who were fed with synthetic formula milk had earlier TE. Eruption sign and infant height had the most effects on delayed TE. Conclusions: No significant relationship was observed between the eruption time of the first primary tooth and the studied variables. Nevertheless, there was a significant association between the infant’s height and time of the first primary TE.

Journal Digest

Journal Digest

Treatment of Riga-Fede disease using laser therapy: clinical case report

ABSTRACT Neonatal teeth arise in the oral cavity in up to 30 days of life. Early eruption of teeth associated with dental trauma on the ventral surface of the tongue during breastfeeding may lead to a set of signs and symptoms called the Riga-Fede lesion, which manifests as a chronic ulceration on the ventral surface of the tongue. Establishing the treatment plan is a challenging task. The pediatric dentist and pediatrician, should act in promoting health and recovery of the baby with the disease, taking care not to neglect the weight loss in newborns. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical implications of a Riga-Fede lesion and treatment approach using laser therapy. A 43-day-old child was referred to pediatric dentistry, presenting weight loss and a congenital lingual injury caused by a neonatal tooth. The treatment, after radiographic examination was extraction of tooth 71, topical application of Triacinolone acetonide and laser therapy. Laser therapy has been shown to be a possible treatment option for Riga-Fede lesions, reducing the healing time to four days, allowing the return to feeding and improvement in the pain symptoms from the first day of application.

Diversity in tooth eruption and life history in humans: illustration from a Pygmy population.

Life history variables (LHV) in primates are closely correlated with the ages of tooth eruption, which are a useful proxy to predict growth and development in extant and extinct species. However, it is not known how tooth eruption ages interact with LHV in polymorphic species such as modern humans. African pygmies are at the one extreme in the range of human size variation. LHV in the Baka pygmies are similar to those in standard populations. We would therefore expect tooth eruption ages to be similar also. This mixed (longitudinal and cross-sectional) study of tooth eruption in Baka individuals of known age reveals that eruption in all tooth classes occurs earlier than in any other human population. Earlier tooth eruption can be related to the particular somatic growth in the Baka but cannot be correlated with LHV. The link between LHV and tooth eruption seems disrupted in H. sapiens, allowing adaptive variations in tooth eruption in response to different environmental constraints while maintaining the unique human life cycle.

Comparison of chronology of teeth eruption with body mass index among school children at Mangalore: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: The development and eruption of the teeth, chronologies of human dentitions, dental age, and tooth formation standards are important aspects applied to dental practice. Body mass index (BMI) gives an indication about the nutritional status of the child. It is relevant to know whether BMI has influenced chronology of tooth eruption pattern. Aim: To determine the eruption age of the different permanent teeth and compare eruption age with BMI in a group of children from selected schools in Mangalore. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed in which 2928 children ranging in age from 5.5 to 15 years were included in the study. The children were divided into 20 chronological age groups with half year intervals. All the children were examined by a single examiner with the help of a trained assistant. The teeth were examined under natural light with mouth mirror. The comparison was made between mean eruption ages in males and females using the independent t -test. Results: There were 1526 males constituting 52.1% and 1402 females constituting 47.9% of the total sample of 2928 children. The mean age of eruption of maxillary central incisor, maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary and mandibular canines, maxillary and mandibular premolars, maxillary and mandibular second molars were found to have statistical significant with BMI. The mean age of eruption of the teeth in females was found to be earlier than in males, with the exception of the maxillary first molar which is earlier in males. Conclusion: Different categories of BMI were underweight, normal weight, risk of overweight and overweight, wherein overweight children had early eruption of teeth. Girls had early eruption time compared to boys.

Influence of metabolic-linked early life factors on the eruption timing of the first primary tooth.

Early eruption of permanent teeth has been associated with childhood obesity and diabetes mellitus, suggesting links between tooth eruption and metabolic conditions. This longitudinal study aimed to identify pre-, peri- and postnatal factors with metabolic consequences during infancy that may affect the eruption timing of the first primary tooth (ETFT) in children from an ethnically heterogeneous population residing within the same community. Participants were recruited (n=1033) through the GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) birth cohort (n=1237). Oral examinations were performed at 3-month intervals from 6 to 18months of age. Crude and adjusted analyses, with generalized linear modelling, were conducted to link ETFT to potential determinants occurring during pregnancy, delivery/birth and early infancy. Overall mean eruption age of the first primary tooth was 8.5 (SD 2.6)months. Earlier tooth eruption was significantly associated with infant's rate of weight gain during the first 3months of life and increased maternal childbearing age. Compared to their Chinese counterparts, Malay and Indian children experienced significantly delayed tooth eruption by 1.2 and 1.7months, respectively. Infant weight gain from birth to 3months, ethnicity and maternal childbearing age were significant determinants of first tooth eruption timing. Early life influences can affect primary tooth development, possibly via metabolic pathways. Timing of tooth eruption is linked to general growth and metabolic function. Therefore, it has potential in forecasting oral and systemic conditions such as caries and obesity.