Early Time Research Articles

Context-specific anti-inflammatory roles of type III interferon signaling in the lung in nonviral injuries.

Type III interferons (λ1, λ2, and λ3) are potent antiviral cytokines in the lung. However, their roles in nonviral lung injuries are less well understood. This study investigates the activation of type III interferon signaling in three distinct models of lung injuries caused by diverse stimuli: the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacterial endotoxin LPS, and the chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin. Our data show that, despite inducing a potent inflammatory response, Pseudomonas and LPS did not increase IFNλ secretion. In contrast, bleomycin instillation increased secretion of IFNλ in the airways at both early and late time points. Consistent with limited secretion, type III interferon signaling had a minimal role in the host response to both Pseudomonas and LPS, as measured by pathogen burden, inflammatory response, and lung injury. Conversely, a deficiency in type III interferon signaling led to increased inflammatory signaling and elevated acute lung injury in the bleomycin model on day 3. This elevated early injury resulted in impaired recovery in IFNLR1 knockout mice, as evidenced by their recovery from bleomycin-induced weight loss. Taken together, these data suggest a context-specific activation of type III interferon signaling, where it plays an anti-inflammatory role in the lung.

Viral Priming Enhances Kidney Injury at Early Time Points in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Sepsis-Associated AKI

Viral Priming Enhances Kidney Injury at Early Time Points in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Sepsis-Associated AKI

Early oral feeding within two hours for parturients compared with delayed oral feeding after cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundIt is recommended that postpartum women undergo early oral feeding (EOF) after cesarean section (CS). However, the optimal early time for oral feeding after CS is unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to assess whether EOF within two hours is superior to delayed oral feeding (DOF) after CS.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to February 2024 for randomized controlled trials comparing EOF versus DOF after CS. Primary outcomes included the time to normal bowel function. The secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, the time to ambulation after surgery, the time to removal of the catheter, the time to start of a regular diet, the length of hospital stay and patient satisfaction.ResultsData from 8 studies involving a total of 2572 women were obtained. EOF within two hours was significantly associated with shorter durations of return bowel movement (WMD, − 2.41, 95% CI, − 3.80–− 1.02; p < 0.001; I2 = 96%), passage flatus after surgery (WMD, − 3.55, 95% CI, − 6.36–− 0.75; p = 0.01; I2 = 98%), ambulation after surgery (WMD, − 0.96, 95% CI, − 1.80–− 0.13; p = 0.02; I2 = 53%), removal of catheters (WMD, − 15.18, 95% CI, − 25.61–− 4.74; p = 0.004; I2 = 100%) and starting a regular diet (WMD, − 7.03, 95% CI, − 13.13–− 0.92; p = 0.02; I2 = 99%) compared with DOF. EOF was not related to increased vomiting (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.74–1.57; p = 0.69; I2 = 0%), nausea (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.83–1.77; p = 0.33; I2 = 37%), abdominal distension (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.31–1.89; p = 0.55; I2 = 54%) or ileus (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.40–2.06; p = 0.81; I2 = 12%).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis provides evidence that EOF within two hours after CS has comparable safety with DOF, and can accelerate the recovery time for normal bowel function.Trial registration: INPLASY202320055.

Afterglow Linear Polarization Signatures from Shallow GRB Jets: Implications for Energetic GRBs

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powered by ultrarelativistic jets. The launching sites of these jets are surrounded by dense media, which the jets must cross before they can accelerate and release high-energy emission. Interaction with the medium leads to the formation of a mildly relativistic sheath around the jet, resulting in an angular structure to the jet’s asymptotic Lorentz factor and energy per solid angle, which modifies the afterglow emission. We build a semi-analytical tool to analyze the afterglow light curve and polarization signatures of jets observed from a wide range of viewing angles, and focus on ones with slowly declining energy profiles known as shallow jets. We find overall lower polarization compared to the classical top hat jet model. We provide an analytical expression for the peak polarization degree as a function of the energy profile power-law index, magnetic field configuration, and viewing angle, and show that it occurs near the light-curve break time for all viewers. When applying our tool to GRB 221009A, suspected to originate from a shallow jet, we find that the suggested jet structures for this event agree with the upper limits placed on the afterglow polarization in the optical and X-ray bands. We also find that at early times the polarization levels may be significantly higher, allowing for a potential distinction between different jet structure models and possibly constraining the magnetization in both forward and reverse shocks at that stage.

Dendritic cell-intrinsic PTPN22 negatively regulates antitumor immunity and impacts anti-PD-L1 efficacy

BackgroundIndividuals with a loss-of-function single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding PTPN22 have an increased risk for autoimmune diseases, and patients with cancer with such alleles may respond better to checkpoint...

Sensory Neuronopathies: Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome.

Sensory neuronopathies (SNNs) are a rare group of pure sensory disorders causing asymmetrical, multifocal pattern of sensory loss with distinct clinical and electrophysiological features. We aimed to study the clinical features and etiology and share the experience of treating SNN from our center. A prospective observational study was conducted over 3 years. Patients with predominant sensory complaints and electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy were evaluated. Possible/probable SNN was diagnosed using Camdessanch´e criteria. Detailed workup was done to determine the etiology and treatment given accordingly. Follow-up was done and response to treatment was assessed using modified Rankin Scale grading at 12 months. Fourteen patients with SNN were studied. Two (14.3%) patients were diagnosed with Sjogren's syndrome (SS-SNN), two (14.3%) with paraneoplastic syndrome, one (7.1%) with leprous ganglionitis, and nine (64.3%) were idiopathic sensory neuronopathy (I-SNN) cases. Improvement occurred in nine (64.3%), stability in three (21.4%), and worsening in two (14.3%) patients. Out of 11 SS-SNN and I-SNN patients, eight showed improvement on follow-up, seven with injection rituximab (RTX) and one with azathioprine. We found positive correlation between RTX treatment and improvement on follow-up (P = 0.0256). Six (66.66%) out of nine I-SNN patients had early initiation of immunotherapy, of which all improved. There was positive correlation between early treatment initiation time in I-SNN patients and improvement (P = 0.0119). Promising results were noted in SS-SNN and I-SNN patients with intensive treatment approach using RTX. Hit hard and early treatment approach is crucial for achieving improvement in sensory neuronopathies.

Spared ulnar nerve injury results in increased layer III–VI excitability in the pig somatosensory cortex

This study describes cortical recordings in a large animal nerve injury model. We investigated differences in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) hyperexcitability when stimulating injured and uninjured nerves and how different cortical layers contribute to S1 hyperexcitability after spared ulnar nerve injury. We used a multielectrode array to record single-neuron activity in the S1 of ten female Danish landrace pigs. Electrical stimulation of the injured and uninjured nerve evoked brain activity up to 3 h after injury. The peak amplitude and latency of early and late peristimulus time histogram responses were extracted for statistical analysis. Histological investigations determined the layer of the cortex in which each electrode contact was placed. Nerve injury increased the early peak amplitude compared with that of the control group. This difference was significant immediately after nerve injury when the uninjured nerve was stimulated, while it was delayed for the injured nerve. The amplitude of the early peak was increased in layers III–VI after nerve injury compared with the control. In layer III, S1 excitability was also increased compared with preinjury for the early peak. Furthermore, the late peak was significantly larger in layer III than in the other layers in the intervention and control group before and after injury. Thus, the most prominent increase in excitability occurred in layer III, which is responsible for the gain modulation of cortical output through layer V. Therefore, layer III neurons seem to have an important role in altered brain excitability after nerve injury.

Novel Fluorescence-Based Methods to Determine Infarct and Scar Size in Murine Models of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction.

Determination of infarct and scar size following myocardial infarction (MI) is commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of potential cardioprotective treatments in animal models. However, histological methods to determine morphological features in the infarcted heart have barely improved since implementation while still consuming large parts of the tissue and offering little options for parallel analyses. We aim to develop a new fluorescence technology for determining infarct area and area at risk that is comparable to 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining but allows for multiple analyses on the same heart tissue. For early and late time points following MI, we compared classical histochemical approaches with fluorescence staining methods. Reperfused MI was induced in male mice, the hearts were extracted 24 h, 7-, 21-, or 28-days later and fluorescently stained by combining Hoechst and phalloidin. This approach allowed for clear visualization of the infarct area, the area at ischemic risk and the remote area not affected by MI. The combined fluorescence staining correlated with the classic TTC/Evans Blue staining 24 h after MI (r = 0.8334). In later phases (>7 d) post-MI, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is equally accurate as classical Sirius Red (r = 0.9752), Masson's (r = 0.9920) and Gomori's Trichrome (r = 0.8082) staining for determination of scar size. Additionally, feasibility to co-localize fluorescence-stained immune cells in specific regions of the infarcted myocardium was demonstrated with this protocol. In conclusion, this new procedure for determination of post-MI infarct size is not inferior to classical TTC staining, yet provides substantial benefits, including the option for unbiased software-assisted analysis while sparing ample residual tissue for additional analyses. Overall, this enhances the data quality and reduces the required animal numbers consistent with the 3R concept of animal experimentation.

Early Neurological Deterioration and Time to Start Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Acute Mild-to-Moderate Ischemic Stroke: A Pre-Specified Post Hoc Analysis of the ATAMIS Trial.

This study comprised a post hoc analysis of the Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Mild to Moderate Ischemic Stroke (ATAMIS) trial aiming to determine whether the effect of dual antiplatelet therapy compared with that of monotherapy on preventing early neurological deterioration (END) differed according to the time from stroke onset to antiplatelet therapy (OTT). In the ATAMIS trial, patients were divided into two subgroups: OTT from 0 to 24 hours (0-24 h group) and OTT from 24 to 48 hours (24-48 h group). We conducted multivariate regression analysis with continuous and categorical OTT to detect the effect of antiplatelet therapy. The primary outcome was END at 7 days, defined as an increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of more than two points compared with the baseline. The safety outcomes were bleeding events and intracranial hemorrhage within 90 days. A total of 2,915 patients were included. With respect to END at 7 days, clopidogrel plus aspirin showed a lower proportion than aspirin alone across continuous OTT (4.8% vs. 6.7%; adjusted risk difference, -1.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.6% to -0.2%; P=0.03), and was lower in the 0-24 hours group (5.7% vs. 9.2%; adjusted risk difference, -3.7%; 95% CI, -5.5% to -2.0%; P<0.01), but similar in the 24-48 hours group (3.5% vs. 2.9%; adjusted risk difference, 0.6%; 95% CI, -0.8% to 2.0%; P=0.40). We identified a significant interaction between the treatment effect and time subgroup with respect to the primary outcome (P=0.03). The occurrence of bleeding events and intracranial hemorrhage was similar in the time subgroup. For patients with acute mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke, clopidogrel plus aspirin was associated with a lower risk of END at 7 days than aspirin alone when it was started within 24 hours of symptom onset.

The Relationship of the Urartian Material Culture with the Modern Armenian Artworks

From the early times of human history, the production of a culture shaped the evolution of human beings and their survival strategies. Culture is characteristic of everyday life shared by people in one place or time. It is also the development and shaping of the mind through all kinds of activities. The production of tools, the process of materials, the creation of artifacts, and the emergence of arts and crafts were the signs of the human mind to cope with nature and death. The creation of these early tools affected the development of culture, lifestyles, environment, and technology. The expression of the earliest tools is marked by their diversity. Throughout history in different societies, cultures and the transmission of cultural findings with written, visual and phonic items determined the paths of human creativity. In this article, an example of this route created in a specific time and space by a specific society i.e. the route from Urartian visual language to modern Armenian visual culture will be investigated.

Streptokinase reduces Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis biofilm formation

BackgroundStreptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) is increasingly recognized as an emerging cause of invasive diseases including necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). In contrast to the closely related Streptococcus pyogenes, SDSE infections mainly affect older and comorbid patients. Biofilm formation has been demonstrated in soft tissue biopsies of S. pyogenes NSTI cases.ResultsHere, we show that bacterial aggregations indicative of biofilms are also present in SDSE NSTI. Although streptokinase (Ska) activity and biofilm formation did not correlate in a diverse set of clinical SDSE isolates, addition of exogenous Ska at an early time point prevented biofilm formation for selected strains. Deletion of ska in SDSE S118 strain resulted in increased biofilm forming capacity. Ska-deficient mutant strain was characterized by a higher metabolic activity and consequent metabolome profiling of biofilms identified higher deposition of a wide range of metabolites as compared to the wild-type.ConclusionsOur results argue that Ska suppresses biofilm formation in SDSE independent of its original plasminogen converting activity. However, the impact of biofilms and its consequences for patient outcomes in streptococcal NSTIs remain to be elucidated.

Plio-Pleistocene Small Mammal-Based Biochronology of Eastern Anatolia and Transcaucasus

The known Plio-Pleistocene mammalian record, mainly represented by small mammals, and its biotic and geological context in the vast region of Eastern Turkey and Transcaucasus provides a sound base for regional biochronology. Recently obtained faunal associations and the main evolutionary lineages found in the region support direct correlations to the European (ELMA/MN/MQ) and the Eastern European (faunal complexes/MQR-MNR) biochronological systems. Important data on palynology, aquatic and terrestrial mollusks, and magnetostratigraphy integrate the reviewed material into a robust local biochronology. The range of standard biochrons of Early Pliocene through late Early Pleistocene and the regional Anatolian zones M-P are reliably detected. The Early Pleistocene time range (zone P) is refined based on rhizodont lagurines Borsodia and Euro-Asian larger voles Mimomys ex gr. pliocaenicus. The successive zone R for Early Pleistocene faunas with early rootless Microtini is proposed.

AMPK agonism optimizes the in vivo persistence and anti-leukemia efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy has seen great clinical success. However, up to 50% of leukemia patients relapse and long-term survivor data indicate that CART cell persistence is key to enforcing relapse-free survival. Unfortunately, ex vivo expansion protocols often drive metabolic and functional exhaustion, reducing in vivo efficacy. Preclinical models have demonstrated that redirecting metabolism ex vivo can improve in vivo T cell function and we hypothesized that exposure to an agonist targeting the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), would create CARTs capable of both efficient leukemia clearance and increased in vivo persistence. CART cells were generated from healthy human via lentiviral transduction. Following activation, cells were exposed to either Compound 991 or DMSO for 96 hours, followed by a 48-hour washout. During and after agonist treatment, T cells were harvested for metabolic and functional assessments. To test in vivo efficacy, immunodeficient mice were injected with luciferase+ NALM6 leukemia cells, followed one week later by either 991- or DMSO-expanded CARTs. Leukemia burden and anti-leukemia efficacy was assessed via radiance imaging and overall survival. Human T cells expanded in Compound 991 activated AMPK without limiting cellular expansion and gained both mitochondrial density and improved handling of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, receipt of 991-exposed CARTs significantly improved in vivo leukemia clearance, prolonged recipient survival, and increased CD4+ T cell yields at early times post-injection. Ex vivo, 991 agonist treatment mimicked nutrient starvation, increased autophagic flux, and promoted generation of mitochondrially-protective metabolites. Ex vivo expansion processes are necessary to generate sufficient cell numbers, but often promote sustained activation and differentiation, negatively impacting in vivo persistence and function. Here, we demonstrate that promoting AMPK activity during CART expansion metabolically reprograms cells without limiting T cell yield, enhances in vivo anti-leukemia efficacy, and improves CD4+ in vivo persistence. Importantly, AMPK agonism achieves these results without further modifying the expansion media, changing the CART construct, or genetically altering the cells. Altogether, these data highlight AMPK agonism as a potent and readily translatable approach to improve the metabolic profile and overall efficacy of cancer-targeting T cells.

Cosmological bouncing solutions in f(𝒬,𝒯) theory

This paper examines the behavior of the universe around the bouncing point in the background of [Formula: see text] theory, where [Formula: see text] is the non-metricity and [Formula: see text] is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. We derive the field equations that describe gravitational phenomena in the existence of non-metricity and matter source terms. By applying the reconstruction method for the Hubble parameter, a phenomenon of the bouncing universe for homogeneous spacetime filled with perfect fluid is studied. We consider specific models of this modified theory to evaluate the behavior of various cosmic parameters such as the Hubble, deceleration, equation of state and fluid parameters. When the null energy condition is violated, it follows a bouncing behavior. It is found that spacetime is composed of isotropic fluid, where a big bounce can occur and the universe turns into extremely unstable. We conclude that [Formula: see text] gravity successfully explains the early and late time cosmic expansion and evolution.

Delayed door to puncture time during off-duty hours is associated with unfavorable outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy in the early window of acute ischemic stroke

BackgroundsThe impact of off-duty hours mechanical thrombectomy on outcomes remains a subject of controversy. The impacts of off-duty hours on procedures are influenced by various factors, but the most critical one is the time delay in initiating the procedure after the patient’s arrival at the emergency room. Recently, a report suggested that the impact of time delay on post-procedural outcomes is evident in patients who arrive at the emergency room within 6 h of symptom onset, referred to as the “early window.” We hypothesized that the impact of procedure delays on outcomes during off duty-hours would be most significant within this early window. This study aimed to investigate the impact of door-to-puncture time (DTPT) delays in patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during off-duty hours in both the early and late time windows.MethodsWe investigated patients who presented to the emergency center between 2014 and 2022. Among a total of 6,496 AIS patients, we selected those who underwent mechanical thrombectomy within 24 h of the onset of acute anterior circulation occlusion. The eligible patients were divided into two groups: those who arrived within 6 h of symptom onset and received the procedure within 8 h (early window), and those who received the procedure between 8 h and 24 h after symptom onset (late window). The study assessed the association between the onset to puncture time in each group and poor outcomes, measured by the modified Rankin scores(mRs) at 90 days. Furthermore, the study analyzed the impact of receiving the procedure during off-hours in both the early and late windows on outcomes. Specifically, the analysis focused on the impact of delayed DTPT in patients during off-duty hours on outcomes measured by the 90-days mRS.ResultsAmong the eligible patients, a total of 501 AIS patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation occlusion within 24 h. Of these, 395 patients (78.8%) fell into the early window category, and 320 patients (63.9%) underwent the procedure during off-duty hours. In the early window, for every 60-minute increase in OTPT, the probability of occurrence a poor outcome at 90 days significantly increased in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.43; p = 0.03). In the early window, delayed procedures during off-duty hours (exceeding 103 min of DTPT) were identified as an independent predictor of poor outcomes (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.24; p = 0.03). However, in the late window, there was no association between DTPT and outcomes at 90 days, and the impact of DTPT delays during off-hours was not observed.ConclusionsThrough this study, it became evident that the impacts of off-duty hours in mechanical thrombectomy were most pronounced in the early window, where the impact of time delay was clear. Therefore, it is believed that improvements in the treatment system are necessary to address this issue.

Exposure to family planning messages on social media and its association with maternal healthcare services in Mauritania

BackgroundMauritania, a lower-middle-income country in Northwest Africa, has one of the highest maternal and infant mortality rates worldwide and struggles to ensure optimal use of maternal healthcare services. Raising health awareness through family planning messages can promote maternal healthcare use, potentially reducing preventable maternal and child mortalities. The objective of the study was to assess the potential impact of exposure to family planning messages through social media on the utilization of maternal healthcare services among Mauritanian women.MethodsData from the 2019-20 Mauritania Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) on 7,640 women were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine the associations between exposure to family planning messages through social media and maternal healthcare services, specifically the timing and adequacy of ANC visits, and facility-based childbirth. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.ResultsThe percentage of timely initiation and adequate use of ANC among the participants were 65.6% and 45.1%, respectively. Approximately 75.0% of the women reported giving birth to their last child at a healthcare facility. Exposure to family planning messages on social media was significantly associated with increased odds of receiving adequate antenatal care visits (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.12,1.71) and giving birth in a health facility (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.09,3.08), Other factors such as age, health insurance, wealth, and desired timing of the last child were also found to be important predictors of maternal healthcare.ConclusionThe findings suggest that exposure to family planning messages on social media is strongly associated with adequate antenatal care and health facility-based childbirth, but not with early timing of antenatal care. Comprehensive maternal healthcare policies should consider the role of social media in promoting family planning messages.

A High-Status Middle Sarmatian Burial from the Kovalevka Burial Complex in the Volgograd Region

The article is devoted to the archaeological materials publication from the kurgan 25 excavations of the Kovalevka burial complex. The accompanying inventory, marking a high status of the buried, was found in an individual burial made in the tradition of the Middle Sarmatian funeral rite. The bronze cauldron broken in antiquity and placed upside down was found in the cache. Cauldrons of this type existed in the first century AD. Iron bits with two-hole psalms, widespread among the nomads of the steppe zone starting from the turn of the eras and silver-plated iron plaques from the horse bridle jewelry lay nearby. The set of three phalars, which can be functionally defined as breast and shoulder plates of a horse harness, was found on the other side of the cauldron. The phalars made of forged silver sheet traces of gilding on the surface. The multi-figure compositions of animals, birds and floral ornaments were depicted on the obverse, in low relief. Such phalars in Sarmatian monuments were widespread since the turn of the era and exist within the first half of the first century AD. On both sides of the cauldron there were two gray-clay pottery jugs made in Kuban pottery centers. They became widespread in the burial grounds of the Kuban and the Lower Don starting from the turn of the eras, although they were occasionally encountered at the end of the Early Sarmatian time. Two paired long militant knives were placed along the right leg; these finds are well known in the Sarmatian burials of the turn of the first centuries AD, and are found, as a rule, in high status complexes along with horse harness, bronze cauldrons and other prestigious items. All of the above allows us to assert that the buried individual belonged to the nomadic elite, whose burials during that period were concentrated in the Volga-Don interfluve.

Свобода совести в философии раннего Нового времени: генезис концепта

The paper presents the analysis of the historical development of ideas of tolerance, freedom of conscience and speech in Early Modern times. These concepts were introduced to the ideological &amp; philosophical discourse by Reformation and Counterreformation movements. An initial point of their development was linked to the strife of competing parties and thus got a strong instrumentalist bias. Mainstream theorists of the Reformation (e.g. T. Beza, Peter Martyr Vermigli, T. Goodwin) regarded tolerance &amp; freedom of conscience as a means for propagation of a true faith (i.e. Protestantism) and a guarantee against its suppression by the powerful governments of the unfaithful. Mainstream theorists of the Counterreformation (e.g. F. Suarez, M. Becanus) followed this pattern as well. While mainstream theorists stressed a collectivist and clerically-conservative perspective of the freedom of conscience, their adversaries proposed an individualist and politically radical vision. S. Castellion, R. Brown and R. Williams argued that freedom of conscience was a universal right of a person of any confessional identity; a true Reformation, ought to be a “Reformation Without Tarying for Anie”, not just a reformed papal tyranny. Disputations between the proponents of the conservative and the radical perspective culminated in the writings of J. Milton and T. Hobbes. Despite the sharp confl ict of parties they belonged to Milton and Hobbes stood on a common ground of a secular &amp; individualist vision of the freedom of conscience. Their analysis of the practices of freedom of thought &amp; speech and of the tensions between the citizen and the state set an initial point of the religious thought in the Enlightenment epoch.

Early-time Observations of SN 2023wrk: A Luminous Type Ia Supernova with Significant Unburned Carbon in the Outer Ejecta

We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations of the nearby Type Ia supernova (SN) 2023wrk at a distance of about 40 Mpc. The earliest detection of this SN can be traced back to a few hours after the explosion. Within the first few days, the light curve shows a bump feature, while the B − V color is blue and remains nearly constant. The overall spectral evolution is similar to that of an SN 1991T/SN 1999aa-like SN Ia, while the C ii λ6580 absorption line appears to be unusually strong in the first spectrum taken at t ≈ −15.4 days after the maximum light. This carbon feature disappears quickly in subsequent evolution but it reappears at around the time of peak brightness. The complex evolution of the carbon line and the possible detection of Ni iii absorption around 4700 Å and 5300 Å in the earliest spectra indicate macroscopic mixing of fuel and ash. The strong carbon lines are likely related to the collision of SN ejecta with unbound carbon, consistent with the predictions of pulsational delayed-detonation or carbon-rich circumstellar-matter interaction models. Among those carbon-rich SNe Ia with strong C ii λ6580 absorption at very early times, the line-strength ratio of C ii to Si ii and the B − V color evolution are found to exhibit large diversity, which may be attributed to different properties of unbound carbon and outward-mixing 56Ni.

Phenomenological emergent dark energy in the light of DESI Data Release 1

This manuscript revisits the phenomenological emergent dark energy model (PEDE) by confronting it with recent cosmological data from early and late times. In particular we analyze PEDE model by using the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements coming from both Dark Energy Spectroscopy Instrument (DESI) data release 1 and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Additionally, the measurements from cosmic chronometers, supernovae type Ia (Pantheon+), quasars, hydrogen II galaxies and cosmic background radiation distance priors are considered. By performing a Bayesian analysis based on Monte Carlo Markov Chain, we find consistent results on the constraints when SDSS and DESI are considered. However, we find higher values on the Hubble constant than Supernova H0 for the Equation of State (SH0ES) does although it is still in agreement, within 1σ confidence level, when BAO measurements are added. Furthermore, we estimate the age of the Universe younger ∼3% than the one predicted by the standard cosmology. Additionally, we report values of q0=−0.771−0.007+0.007, zT=0.764−0.011+0.011 for the deceleration parameter today and the deceleration–acceleration transition redshift, respectively. However, PEDE cosmology is disfavored by the combined samples.