Early Stages Of Testing Research Articles

Progress and Limitations in the Treatment of Complex PTSD and Developmental Trauma Disorder

Abstract Purpose of review This review describes treatments that have been developed (or adapted from treatment models for posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) for Complex PTSD (cPTSD) in adulthood and developmental trauma disorder (DTD) in childhood. The nascent research evidence-base is reviewed and future directions are discussed. Recent findings Numerous psychotherapy treatments are in the early stages of clinical testing and dissemination for symptoms of cPTSD (emotion dysregulation, interpersonal detachment, altered self-perception) and the additional symptoms of DTD (interpersonal, somatic, and behavioral dysregulation and dissociation). There is indirect evidence, primarily based on reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms (but not cPTSD or DTD symptoms specifically), of efficacy for varied approaches to trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in randomized controlled trials with adults and children with histories of developmentally adverse traumatic childhood experiences (e.g., abuse, violence). No approaches to pharmacotherapy have been systematically developed or tested for adult cPTSD or childhood DTD. Summary Despite a rapidly growing array of promising approaches to psychotherapy for cPTSD and DTD, the absence of formal diagnostic criteria for cPTSD and DTD has limited efforts to conduct scientific evaluations of the efficacy of these treatments. As treatment models continue to be created, refined, and disseminated, the recent development and validation of psychometric assessment measures for cPTSD (the International Trauma Questionnaire; ITQ) and DTD (the Developmental Trauma Disorder Semi-structured Interview; DTD-SI) is a crucial catalyst for rigorous outcome research that can lead to a robust cPTSD and DTD treatment outcome evidence-base and a precision health approach to treatment.

A REVIEW STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF FUNGI AND AFLATOXIN ON STEM CELLS

Infection with pathogenic fungi, such as invasive Aspergillosis, remains a major infectious disease. Causes of death after transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCT), although a new antibody to bacteria has been present in recent years. The increase in deaths due to infection with fungi such as Aspergillus is mainly due to the difficulty of diagnosing invasive fungi in the early stages of development because laboratory tests require a combination of multiple procedures, low-quality tests and other surgical procedures in the case of detection of fungi. This study sheds light on Research that has dealt with focusing on the relationship between fungi and the toxins they produce, such as aflatoxin toxins, and the deaths that occur after stem cell transplantation in many patients who need this type of treatment. Shedding light on these studies can take a positive turn to saving the lives of many patients by discovering the reasons behind the occurrence of deaths after a stem cell transplant. It was found through the studies covered in this report that most of the antibodies in the blood of patients were Positive ring against fungi that were present in-patient samples such as sputum, blood, diuresis and other samples in addition to false positive rings, as well as negative rings, but at lower rate

Studying the Application and Advances of Diffusive Gradients in-Thin Films Techniques (DGTs) to Constrain Mobility and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soils

The aim of this review is to investigate the application and latest developments of the Diffusive Gradients in-thin films (DGT) with a focus on the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. Soil chemical extractions are extensively used to predict nutrients elements in the soil. However, these measurements have their weaknesses and shortcomings. Comparing DGT with conventional extraction methods, DGT is a sampling technique with significant advantages; including speciation capabilities, sensitivity, time-in- tegrated signal, low risk of contamination and time averaged concentrations. These findings have strengthened the usefulness of the DGT technique as a potential monitoring tool for soil with heavy metal contamination. Studies which have used the DGT technique to evaluate processes important to bioavailability have been booming in the last 13 years, especially its application in soils science. Some recent studies have shown a good relationship between the measurement of metals concentrations in soil and plant by DGT, and cohesive results have been obtained from these measurements when they are based on the DGT technique. DGT is a newly established procedure to assess the bioavailability of trace elements in sediments and soils, and its applications are still in the early stage of testing. Therefore, future application of DGT is likely to include the studies of HMs contamination in soil for risk assessment and transfer rates to the food chain, as some studies have indicated the potential of DGT in these areas.

Influence of boulder machine-made sand powder on compressive strength of concrete

In order to recycle the boulder powder produced in the process of manufactured sand production and reduce the cost of engineering concrete, this article studied the influence of boulders powder on the compressive strength of concrete. The results show that in the early stage of concrete test, the compressive strength of rock powder concrete is slightly lower than of fly ash and mineral powder concrete. With the development of curing age, the strength of boulders powder concrete developed slower. As the increase of boulders powder content, the compressive strength of different curing age gradually decreased, and it was suggested that the content of boulders powder should be controlled within 20% of cementitious materials mass. The positive effect of boulders powder fineness on the strength of concrete is limited, so it is suggested to use unprocessed collected boulders powder in the project, which is economical and environmentally friendly. With the adjustment of water-to-binder ratio, boulders powder can be prepared with different strength grades of concrete to meet the needs of engineering; the composite of boulders powder with traditional mineral admixtures, such as fly ash, and especially granulated blast furnace slag powder, can significantly improve the strength of concrete.

Leveraging Network Science for Social Distancing to Curb Pandemic Spread.

COVID-19 has irreversibly upended the course of human life and compelled countries to invoke national emergencies and strict public guidelines. As the scientific community is in the early stages of rigorous clinical testing to come up with effective vaccination measures, the world is still heavily reliant on social distancing to curb the rapid spread and mortality rates. In this work, we present three optimization strategies to guide human mobility and restrict contact of susceptible and infective individuals. The proposed strategies rely on well-studied concepts of network science, such as clustering and homophily, as well as two different scenarios of the SEIRD epidemic model. We also propose a new metric, called contagion potential, to gauge the infectivity of individuals in a social setting. Our extensive simulation experiments show that the recommended mobility approaches slow down spread considerably when compared against several standard human mobility models. Finally, as a case study of the mobility strategies, we introduce a mobile application, MyCovid, that provides periodic location recommendations to the registered app users.

A Systematic Review of Observational Dyadic Persons Living With Dementia: Caregiver Communication Instruments

To facilitate social interaction and providing quality care in persons living with dementia (PLWD), an effective means of evaluating communication quality between PLWD and their caregiver is needed. However, there is no systematic review of current instruments to assess dyadic PLWD-caregiver interactions in various care settings. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate existing dyadic observational communication instruments used to provide recommendations. A systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guideline was conducted. Literature that were published by May 2019 in English were searched from CINAHL, AgeLine, PsychINFO, Communication and Mass Media Complete, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Scopus. Keywords were “communication strategy,” “communication,” “caregivers,” “dementia,” and any combination of these terms or MeSH terms. Data were extracted including development process, operational concept, target population and setting, items/scoring format, psychometric properties, and research/clinical use. A total of 3042 articles were identified and 15 instruments from 29 studies were evaluated by the scoring of 12 psychometrics: participants/items ratio, reliability (internal consistency, intra-rater, inter-rater), and validity (content, concurrent, predictive, known group difference, divergent/discriminant, convergent, structural). The total score was ranged from 0 to 22 (high quality: 16-22, moderate: 8-15, low: 0-7). There was no instrument with high quality assessing dyadic interaction. Only one instrument was evaluated as moderate quality (modified Behavioral Observation Scoring System, BOSS). While existing instruments are still in the early stages of development and testing, they demonstrate potential evidence that may require further testing before application in research and clinical practice.

Bio-compatible bio-fuel cells for medical devices

Due to increasing human health disorders like diabetes, heart rate fluctuations, and different ocular complications, implantable medical devices (IMD) and wearable devices are continuously developed. These can be used not only in medical facilities but also at work stations and homes. The main focus is to develop comfortable and economical medical devices. For this, bio-compatible bio-fuel cells have been employed for power generation and to overcome the replacement issues. The category of bio-chemical and electrode reaction plays an important role to classify the fuel cells (FC). These may include an enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC), precious metal FC or a microbial fuel cell (MFC). EBFC can be seen effectively applied to pacemakers and glucometers due to their high activity within mild conditions. However, the short life span is still a major challenge. In this review article, we have discussed the earlier researches in the field of implantable medical devices utilizing enzymes, precious metals, and microorganism as catalysts. Moreover, we have critically discussed various applications of FCs for in-vitro medical devices i.e. glucometer, alcohol testers, wound treatment device, and more. Safety is the foremost concern in these devices. Along with this, special attention has been given to recently developed optical contact lenses as an alternative to glucometers. The fuel cell implantations is at the early stages of testing and the results have been in the favor of commercializing these devices.

Exaggerated blood pressure response at mild exertional intensity is associated with lower exercise capacity and worsening of cardiac structural and functional profile

Abstract Even with normal blood pressure (BP) measured at rest, some individuals may experience excessive BP elevation with exercise, termed as an “exaggerated BP response to exercise” (ExBPR). The most common definition of ExBPR is SBP ≥210 mm Hg in men and ≥190 mm Hg in women at peak exercise intensity (ExBPR-PI). However, evidence exists that increase in SBP ≥150 mm Hg at an early stage of exercise stress test (i.e. at mild exercise intensity, ExBPR-MI) can effectively identify hypertension not diagnosed by conventional methods. No studies exploring the pathophysiological significance of ExBPR-MI have been undertaken to date. Aim To investigate the association of ExBPR-MI with exercise capacity and cardiac morpho-functional characteristics. Methods A group of 109 subjects (mean age 52±13 yrs) with and without a pre-established diagnosis of hypertension, having clinical indications for an exercise stress test, with seated clinic BP <140/90 mm Hg, underwent resting echocardiographic imagining and cardiopulmonary exercise testing using a ramped Bruce protocol. Results Based on the BP response at 3 minutes of exercise, the population was divided into two subsets: ExBPR-MI+ and ExBPR-MI− (SBP ≥ and <150 mmHg, respectively). The ExBPR-MI+ group was characterized by lower peak oxygen uptake, higher LV mass and left atrial size, and more impaired LV diastolic function (lower E/A and e', and higher E/e'). When the study cohort was stratified using peak BP response, significant differences indicating an adverse impact of ExBPR-PI were demonstrated only for LV diastolic parameters but not for peak VO2 and cardiac morphology indices (Table 1). Conclusions ExBPR-MI predisposes to reduced exercise capacity and detrimental alterations in cardiac morphology and function. As mild exercise intensity is more frequently present during routine daily activities than peak exercise intensity, ExBPR-MI may be a more important pathophysiological contributor to target organ damage than peak BP response, and may represent a potential new target for preventive and therapeutic measures. Table 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Science Centre Poland

The experimental investigation of the failure of load-bearing masonry walls supported by a deflecting structure

The paper presents selected results of tests of full-scale masonry walls linearly supported on a deflecting beam. The walls with thin bed joints and unfilled head joints were 4.55 m long and 2.45 m high, and were made of group 1 calcium silicate masonry units. The tests included walls with and without openings. The tests were carried out in a specially designated and constructed test stand, which allowed simultaneous vertical load on the upper edge of the wall and vertical deflection of the beam supporting this wall. During the test, measurements of mutual displacements of six points on the wall surface were carried out. On both faces of masonry specimens, the changes of the length of the measuring bases connecting these six points were recorded. Walls without openings were detached from the central part of the supporting beam at a deflection not exceeding 2 mm. Walls with one door opening also cracked at an early stage of tests. In this case, a detachment from the supporting beam and cracking at the ends of the lintel occurred because of the rotation of the pillars connected by the lintel above the opening. In walls with two door openings, first cracks were formed at the ends of lintels due to the rotation of pillars with a small deflection of the supporting beam, less than 3 mm. Whereas, in walls with door and window openings, first cracks occurred under the window and at the end of the lintel in the outer pillar of the wall.

The Design of Early-Stage Plant Breeding Trials Using Genetic Relatedness

The use of appropriate statistical methods has a key role in improving the accuracy of selection decisions in a plant breeding program. This is particularly important in the early stages of testing in which selections are based on data from a limited number of field trials that include large numbers of breeding lines with minimal replication. The method of analysis currently recommended for early-stage trials in Australia involves a linear mixed model that includes genetic relatedness via ancestral information: non-genetic effects that reflect the experimental design and a residual model that accommodates spatial dependence. Such analyses have been widely accepted as they have been found to produce accurate predictions of both additive and total genetic effects, the latter providing the basis for selection decisions. In this paper, we present the results of a case study of 34 early-stage trials to demonstrate this type of analysis and to reinforce the importance of including information on genetic relatedness. In addition to the application of a superior method of analysis, it is also critical to ensure the use of sound experimental designs. Recently, model-based designs have become popular in Australian plant breeding programs. Within this paradigm, the design search would ideally be based on a linear mixed model that matches, as closely as possible, the model used for analysis. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the use of models for design generation that include information on genetic relatedness and also include non-genetic and residual models based on the analysis of historic data for individual breeding programs. At present, the most commonly used design generation model omits genetic relatedness information and uses non-genetic and residual models that are supplied as default models in the associated software packages. The major reasons for this are that preexisting software is unacceptably slow for designs incorporating genetic relatedness and the accuracy gains resulting from the use of genetic relatedness have not been quantified. Both of these issues are addressed in the current paper. An updating scheme for calculating the optimality criterion in the design search is presented and is shown to afford prodigious computational savings. An in silico study that compares three types of design function across a range of ancillary treatments shows the gains in accuracy for the prediction of total genetic effects (and thence selection) achieved from model-based designs using genetic relatedness and program specific non-genetic and residual models.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.

Novel Strategies in Artificial Organ Development: What Is the Future of Medicine?

The technology of tissue engineering is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field of science that elevates cell-based research from 2D cultures through organoids to whole bionic organs. 3D bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip approaches through generation of three-dimensional cultures at different scales, applied separately or combined, are widely used in basic studies, drug screening and regenerative medicine. They enable analyses of tissue-like conditions that yield much more reliable results than monolayer cell cultures. Annually, millions of animals worldwide are used for preclinical research. Therefore, the rapid assessment of drug efficacy and toxicity in the early stages of preclinical testing can significantly reduce the number of animals, bringing great ethical and financial benefits. In this review, we describe 3D bioprinting techniques and first examples of printed bionic organs. We also present the possibilities of microfluidic systems, based on the latest reports. We demonstrate the pros and cons of both technologies and indicate their use in the future of medicine.

Antioxidant and antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic root extract of Asparagus officinalis L.

Introduction: Asparagus officinalis L. is a medicinal plant, which contains various natural bioactive phytochemicals with potential different pharmacological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and antinociceptive activities of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from asparagus roots. Methods: The plant material was extracted using ethanol 70% and preliminary phytochemical analyses were carried out. The in vitro antioxidant effects of the plant extract were evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and total reducing ability compared to the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a standard control. The antinociceptive effects were also assessed using formalin and tail-flick test in male Wistar rats. Results: The plant extract was relatively rich in flavonoids. The IC50 value for DPPH scavenging activity of the extract (1117.65±14.26 μg/ml) was significantly higher than that of BHT (64.35±4.09 μg/ml). The plant extract exerted a significantly lower total reducing ability compared to that of BHT. The extract exhibited a significant antinociceptive effect at the early stage of formalin test in the dose of 500mg/kg intraperitoneally. The results of tail-flick test also demonstrated antinociceptive effects compared to control in a dose-dependent manner. However, these antinociceptive activities were not comparable with morphine as a reference agent. Conclusion: A. officinalis roots extract demonstrated considerable antioxidant and antinociceptive activities and it might be attributed to its flavonoids content.

The search for deep learning: a curriculum coherence model

ABSTRACT The primary objective of this paper is to present a curriculum design model that extends the ‘Powerful Knowledge’ ideas of social realist theory. The Model called ‘Curriculum Design Coherence’ (CDC) hypothesizes an approach in which subject concepts and the subject’s epistemic structure are central to the design process to enable deep learning. The model differentiates and then links subject concepts, subject content, subject competencies, and assessment. The underlying premise is that deep learning for students is more likely if teachers utilize and make visible the epistemic structure of the area of study; the subject concepts and subject competencies to be taught and their inter-relationships as ‘knowledge-that’ (epistemic knowledge) and ‘knowledge-how-to’ (procedural knowledge). The usefulness of the model for coherence in curriculum design is currently being tested by primary and secondary school teachers in New Zealand and England. The study takes a realist approach utilizing qualitative methods including workshops, analysis of curricular materials, and teacher interviews. The model is in the early stages of testing and some initial findings indicate its usefulness along with the challenges for teachers in engaging deeply with the structure of their subject

Investigation on arc behavior of AgNi electrical contact material with three-dimensional network structure

To clarify the arc characteristics of Ag–Ni contact material, the Ag-8wt.%Ni contact material with three-dimensional network structure was prepared by powder metallurgy, and the microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrical contact tests were performed for different operations, the arc motion behavior, arc-preferred characteristics and surface morphology evolution were investigated, and arc erosion mechanism was discussed. The results show that serious arc erosion prefers to occur on the Ni-rich phase at the eroded anode surface. However, at the cathode region of the arc-eroded surface, the reticulate Ni phase restrains the expansion of molten pool and decreases arc erosion at the early stage of electrical contact tests. The difference in the arc-erosion behaviors of anode and cathode can be attributed to the changes in the mean free path of free electrons and cations in the contacting bodies. With the increased use of electrical contacts, the floatation, dissolution and subsequent precipitation of Ni cause the formation of fine Ag-rich and Ni-rich phase, which not only disperses the thermal energy and reduces the splash, but also decreases the fluctuations of arc duration and arc energy. In addition, the break-arc-energy presents larger fluctuation than make-arc-energy.

Functional dissociations between subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex on the rodent touchscreen continuous performance test (rCPT) of attention.

Converging evidence in humans, monkeys, and rodents suggests a functional dissociation of cognitive function along the dorso-ventral axis of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Previous studies of attention suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a role in target detection, whereas the prelimbic (PL) cortex is important for tests requiring the combined detection and discrimination of signals. We investigated the effect of discrete, quinolinic acid-induced lesions of subregions of the rat medial PFC (mPFC)-ACC, PL cortex, and infralimbic (IL) cortex-on attentional performance on the recently developed rodent touchscreen continuous performance test (rCPT). Rats were tested under a range of behavioral conditions involving stimulus duration (SD), flanker distraction, temporal predictability, and event rate. Rats with lesions of the PL cortex demonstrated the most persistent attentional impairment under conditions of reduced and variable SD and high event rate (lower discrimination sensitivity [d'] and hit rate), and flanker distraction (lower hit rate). Rats with lesions of the ACC exhibited a profound but transient attentional impairment (lower d' and hit rate) in the early stages of behavioral testing, which ameliorated with repeated testing. Rats with lesions of the IL cortex showed no impairments on response control measures. The PL cortex plays a greater role than the ACC in the detection and discrimination of a complex visual stimulus among multiple nontarget stimuli in the rCPT. The findings support evidence for a functional dissociation of attentional performance along the dorso-ventral axis of the mPFC. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

CASR: анализ coredump файлов в ОС Linux и составление отчётов об ошибках

Despite the fact that software development uses various technologies and approaches to diagnose errors in the early stages of development and testing, some errors are discovered during operation. To the user, errors often look like a program crash while running. To collect reports on program crashes, a special analysis component is built into the operating system. Such a component is present in both Windows OS and Linux-based OS, in particular Ubuntu. An important parameter is the severity of the error found, and this information is useful to both the developer of the distribution kit and the user. In particular, users with such diagnostics can take organizational and technical measures before the release of a bug fix from the software developer. The article introduces CASR: a tool for analyzing a memory image at the time of a process termination (coredump) and reporting errors. The tool allows you to assess the severity of the detected crash by analyzing the memory image, as well as collect the necessary information for the developer to help fix the defect. Such information is: OS distribution version, package version, process memory card, state of registers, values of environment variables, call stack, signal number that led to abnormal termination, etc. Severity assessment enables the software developer to correct errors, which are the most dangerous in the first place. CASR can detect files and network connections that were open at the time of the crash. This information will help reproduce the error, and will help users and administrators take action in the event of an attack on the system. The tool is designed to work on Linux OS and supports x86 / 64, armv7 architectures and can be supplied as a package for Debian-based distributions. The tool has been successfully tested with several open source bugs.

Dynamic behaviour and damage characteristics of loess in Xianyang, China

In engineering practice, the in situ soil layer is under different static pressures and experiences different types of dynamic loads. To determine the influence of stress state and dynamic load type on the dynamic characteristics of, and damage evolution in, saturated loess, consolidated-undrained dynamic triaxial tests were conducted on samples subjected to different confining pressures and consolidation stress ratios. During the test, rectangular wave and sine wave were selected as types of applied dynamic load. Results show that samples with good consolidation effect, and loaded by the sine wave, exhibit relatively high strength. The deformation of the samples is influenced by their initial consolidation state and the value of dynamic stress: the better the consolidation effect of samples and the lower the applied dynamic stress, the smaller the strain difference therein; with the increase of dynamic stress, greater strain occurs in samples loaded by a rectangular wave. The influence of waveforms on the initial dynamic elastic modulus changed with the stress state: this was significantly affected by application of sine wave loading (low confining pressure, low consolidation stress ratio), significantly affected by application of rectangular wave loading (low confining pressure, high consolidation stress ratio), and slightly affected by waveforms (high confining pressure). The instantaneous application of rectangular wave load can cause consolidated samples to be strengthened in the early test stage, while damage developed rapidly with the proceeding of loading process.

Centrosomal cohesion deficits as cellular biomarker in lymphoblastoid cell lines from LRRK2 Parkinson's disease patients.

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), and orally bioavailable, brain penetrant and highly potent LRRK2 kinase inhibitors are in early stages of clinical testing. Detection of LRRK2 phosphorylation, as well as phosphorylation of Rab10, a LRRK2 kinase substrate, have been proposed as target engagement biomarkers for LRRK2 inhibitor clinical trials. However, these readouts do not seem able to stratify patients based on enhanced LRRK2 kinase activity. Here, we describe a robust cell biological assay based on centrosomal cohesion alterations which were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from patients with G2019S LRRK2 mutations as compared with healthy controls, and could also be detected in a subset of sporadic PD patient samples. We suggest that LCLs may be a valuable resource for LRRK2 research, and that determination of centrosomal cohesion deficits may assist in the stratification of a subset of sporadic PD patients.

Effects of progesterone treatment during adulthood on consummatory and motivational aspects of sexual behavior in male rats.

In males of a variety of species, administration of progesterone during adulthood has been shown to decrease the expression of consummatory sexual behaviors and androgen receptors. However, it remains to be determined if the progesterone-induced decrease in androgen-receptor signaling and consummatory sexual behaviors correspond with less of a preference for a sexually receptive female relative to another male, a behavioral phenotype indicative of sexual motivation. Consistent with the effects of progesterone reported in males of other species, progesterone-treated rats, relative to vehicle-treated rats, exhibited fewer intromissions and ejaculations. Correspondingly, the weights of the androgen sensitive bulbourethral glands were lighter in progesterone-treated rats. In addition, unlike vehicle-treated rats, progesterone-treated rats did not exhibit a preference for a female rat during the early stages of testing. However, across the entire test, both treatment groups exhibited a preference for a female rat, and consequently, there were no differences between the conditions in overall sexual motivation. Progesterone treatment did not alter activity or anxiety-like behaviors. The results of the current study suggest that the lower levels of androgen-receptor signaling and consummatory sexual behaviors in males following progesterone treatment are associated with a transient deficit in the preference for a female sexual incentive.

Disorders of Synchronization of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Precede the Development of Vasovagal Syncope during Orthostasis

The goal of the present study was to identify the possible disturbances in the synchronization of spontaneous fluctuations in arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) at the frequency of baroreflex waves (~0.1 Hz) in patients prone to vasovagal fainting. In healthy volunteers and patients diagnosed with vasovagal syncope, AP (photo-compensation method) and ECG were continuously recorded, first in a horizontal position, and then during a passive orthostatic test (60°) lasting for 40 min. According to the results of the test, all patients were divided into two groups: subjects with a positive (development of the presyncopal or syncopal states) and a negative result of the orthostatic test. These groups of patients did not differ from each other and from the control group in terms of baseline AP and HR. The values of the phase synchronization index (PSI) of AP and HR were calculated in the frequency range from 0.02 to 0.8 Hz within 10-min recording intervals in the horizontal position and at the initial stage of orthostasis (starting from the second minute after the transition to the vertical position). Initially, all three groups had a distinct peak at the frequency of ~0.1 Hz in the PSI spectra. In the control group and in patients with a negative orthostatic result, a transition to the state of orthostasis was accompanied by an increase in the PSI in this frequency domain, in contrast to the patients with a positive orthostatic test, in which the PSI did not increase. Thus, the lack of amplification of phase synchronization of AP and HR at the early stage of orthostatic test is associated with the subsequent decompensation of hemodynamics and the development of syncope.