Early Term Research Articles

Sentiment analysis of Indonesian tweets on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations

Background Sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccination on Indonesian-language Twitter are scarcely reported in one comprehensive study, and thus were aimed at our study. We also analyzed fake news and facts, and Twitter engagement to understand people’s perceptions and beliefs that determine public health literacy. Methods We collected 3,489,367 tweets data from January 2020 to August 2021. We analyzed factual and fake news using the string comparison method. The difflib library was used to measure similarity. The user’s engagement was analyzed by averaging the engagement metrics of tweets, retweets, favorites, replies, and posts shared with sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Result Positive sentiments on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination dominated, however, the negative sentiments increased during the beginning of the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). The tweets were dominated by the importance of health protocols (washing hands, keeping distance, and wearing masks). Several types of vaccines were on top of the word count in the vaccine subtopic. Acceptance of the vaccination increased during the studied period, and the fake news was overweighed by the facts. The tweets were dynamic and showed that the engaged topics were changed from the nature of COVID-19 to the vaccination and virus mutation which peaked in the early and middle terms of 2021. The public sentiment and engagement were shifted from hesitancy to anxiety towards the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, whilst changed again into wariness on an uprising of the delta variant. Conclusion Understanding public sentiment and opinion can help policymakers to plan the best strategy to cope with the pandemic. Positive sentiments and fact-based opinions on COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccination had been shown predominantly. However, sufficient health literacy levels could yet be predicted and sought for further study.

Gestational age at birth and type 1 diabetes in childhood and young adulthood: a nationwide register study in Finland, Norway and Sweden

Aims/hypothesisChildren and adults born preterm have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. However, there is limited information on risk patterns across the full range of gestational ages, especially after extremely preterm birth (23–27 weeks of gestation). We investigated the risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood and young adulthood across the full range of length of gestation at birth.MethodsData were obtained from national registers in Finland, Norway and Sweden. In each country, information on study participants and gestational age was collected from the Medical Birth Registers, information on type 1 diabetes diagnoses was collected from the National Patient Registers, and information on education, emigration and death was collected from the respective national register sources. Individual-level data were linked using unique personal identity codes. The study population included all individuals born alive between 1987 and 2016 to mothers whose country of birth was the respective Nordic country. Individuals were followed until diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, death, emigration or end of follow-up (31 December 2016 in Finland, 31 December 2017 in Norway and Sweden). Gestational age was categorised as extremely preterm (23–27 completed weeks), very preterm (28–31 weeks), moderately preterm (32–33 weeks), late preterm (34–36 weeks), early term (37–38 weeks), full term (39–41 weeks; reference) and post term (42–45 weeks). HRs and 95% CIs from country-specific covariate-adjusted Cox regression models were combined in a meta-analysis using a common-effect inverse-variance model.ResultsAmong 5,501,276 individuals, 0.2% were born extremely preterm, 0.5% very preterm, 0.7% moderately preterm, 4.2% late preterm, 17.7% early term, 69.9% full term, and 6.7% post term. A type 1 diabetes diagnosis was recorded in 12,326 (0.8%), 6364 (0.5%) and 16,856 (0.7%) individuals at a median age of 8.2, 13.0 and 10.5 years in Finland, Norway and Sweden, respectively. Individuals born late preterm or early term had an increased risk of type 1 diabetes compared with their full-term-born peers (pooled, multiple confounder-adjusted HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07, 1.18; and 1.15, 95% CI 1.11, 1.18, respectively). However, those born extremely preterm or very preterm had a decreased risk of type 1 diabetes (adjusted HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45, 0.88; and 0.78, 95% CI 0.67, 0.92, respectively). These associations were similar across all three countries.Conclusions/interpretationIndividuals born late preterm and early term have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes while individuals born extremely preterm or very preterm have a decreased risk of type 1 diabetes compared with those born full term.Graphical

Neonatal Outcomes of Early Term Versus Late-Term Births in a University Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

There is increasing evidence of an association between early term birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. However, there is a paucity of data on the true neonatal outcomes following term deliveries in lower-income countries, including Nigeria. This study compared the neonatal outcomes of early and late-term deliveries in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. This was a five-year retrospective cohort study of all term deliveries between January 2013 and December 2017. Data were obtained from the labour ward and neonatal ward admission registers and medical records of the hospital.Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed for all relevant data. Statistical significance was reported at a p-value < 0.05. Of the 1,001 deliveries reviewed and analysed for this study, 215 recorded adverse neonatal events, with a significantly higher proportion of these occurring in early term compared to late-term delivered pregnancies (75.8% versus 24.2%, p < 0.001).There was a statistically higher rate of NICU admission in early term neonates than in late-term neonates (14.3 versus 3.9%, p < 0.001). Respiratory complications were the most common adverse outcomes experienced by neonates in both groups. However, the early term neonates had a higher risk even when adjusted for sex, birth weight, and mode of delivery. Our study highlights the substantial impact of gestational age on neonatal outcomes, with early term neonates at a significantly higher risk of adverse events compared to late-term neonates. Strategies aimed at reducing the rates of elective early term induction of labour and caesarean deliveries may help minimize the occurrence of adverse neonatal outcomes in our setting.

Features of the state of extraembryonic structures in miscarriage early terms of pregnancy

Background. Despite the modern achievements of medicine, miscarriage remains the main problem of obstetrics and gynecology science and practice. Purpose – to assess the features of the state of extraembryonic structures in case of miscarriage in the early stages of gestation. Materials and Methods. Under observation were 32 patients (main group) with a verified threat of pregnancy termination with bleeding in the embryonic period of gestation (up to 10 weeks) and 20 women (control group) with a physiological course of early pregnancy. The exclusion criteria from the study were patients with induced pregnancy, multiple pregnancies, anomalies of the development of female genital organs. All patients underwent a standard clinical and laboratory examination. During the ultrasound examination, both the state of the embryo and the state of extraembryonic structures were evaluated: the volume of the fertilized egg (V f/e), the average internal diameter of the yolk sac, the nature of vascularization of the corpus luteum, the state of hemodynamics in the myometrium. During transvaginal ultrasound, the chorionic volume (Vc) was calculated and its vascularization index (VI) was evaluated using a special three-dimensional VOCAL program. Results. Analysis of embryo biometrics in the studied groups did not reveal any significant difference. When assessing the state of extra-embryonic structures, we found that the volume of the fertilized egg and the average internal diameter of the yolk sac in women with miscarriage in the embryonic period of gestation was significantly lower. The volume of the corpus luteum of the ovary in the main group was equal to 3.0±0.3 cm3 in the control group – 5.3±0.61 cm3 , (p &lt; 0.05). Vascularization of the corpus luteum in patients with bleeding in early pregnancy was also reduced. In patients with threatened termination of pregnancy with bleeding, Vc was 32.5±2.08 cm3 in control 71.6±2.4 cm3 . The vascularization index of the chorion in pregnant women of the main group was equal to 9.5±1.2, while in women with a physiological course of gestation it was 19.1±1.7 (p&lt;0.05). When evaluating the hemodynamics in the myometrium, it was also established that the resistance index in the uterine and spiral arteries in the patients of the main group was significantly higher compared to the pregnant women of the control group. Conclusions. When there is a threat of pregnancy termination with bleeding in the embryonic period of intrauterine development of the child, significant changes occur in extraembryonic structures. A decrease in the volume of the fertilized egg, the average internal diameter of the yolk sac, blood flow disorders in the corpus luteum and myometrium, a decrease in vascularization of the chorion and its hypoplasia create a high risk of developing placental dysfunction and worsen the prognosis of pregnancy.

Assessment of symptomatic response to intravesical alkalinized lidocaine, bupivacaine, heparin and steroids in patients with bladder pain syndrome.

Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS) is a puzzling and complicated disorder. 12 such patients, with a mean age 48.3 years, were treated with weekly intravesical instillation of admixture of alkalinized lidocaine, bupivacaine, heparin and steroids for six weeks. Evaluating the benefits of this therapy, patients experienced 82.2% & 90.9% relief at 3rd & 6th week of instillation. After completion of six cycles of therapy, patients experienced 68.7% & 65.3% relief at 3rd & 6th month follow up, concluding the early and long term relief of BPS.

Sentiment analysis of Indonesian tweets on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations.

Sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccination on Indonesian-language Twitter are scarcely reported in one comprehensive study, and thus were aimed at our study. We also analyzed fake news and facts, and Twitter engagement to understand people's perceptions and beliefs that determine public health literacy. We collected 3,489,367 tweets data from January 2020 to August 2021. We analyzed factual and fake news using the string comparison method. The difflib library was used to measure similarity. The user's engagement was analyzed by averaging the engagement metrics of tweets, retweets, favorites, replies, and posts shared with sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Positive sentiments on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination dominated, however, the negative sentiments increased during the beginning of the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). The tweets were dominated by the importance of health protocols (washing hands, keeping distance, and wearing masks). Several types of vaccines were on top of the word count in the vaccine subtopic. Acceptance of the vaccination increased during the studied period, and the fake news was overweighed by the facts. The tweets were dynamic and showed that the engaged topics were changed from the nature of COVID-19 to the vaccination and virus mutation which peaked in the early and middle terms of 2021. The public sentiment and engagement were shifted from hesitancy to anxiety towards the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, whilst changed again into wariness on an uprising of the delta variant. Understanding public sentiment and opinion can help policymakers to plan the best strategy to cope with the pandemic. Positive sentiments and fact-based opinions on COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccination had been shown predominantly. However, sufficient health literacy levels could yet be predicted and sought for further study.

Gestational Age and Neurodevelopmental Delay in Term Births at 6 and 12 Months: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

BackgroundIn the recent years, a high risk of developmental delay not only in very low birth weight infants and late preterm infants but also in early term infants (37–38 weeks) have increasingly been reported. However, in Japan, there are virtually no studies regarding the development delays in early term infants.MethodsThis study used the data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), a birth cohort study conducted in Japan. Data were selected for analysis from the records of 104,065 fetal records. The risk of neurodevelopmental delays at 6 months and 12 months after birth was evaluated using multivariate analysis for infants of various gestational ages, using the 40th week of pregnancy as a reference value. Neurodevelopment was evaluated at 6 months and 12 months after birth using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Japanese translation (J-ASQ-3).ResultsThe proportion of infants born at a gestational age of 37 to 38 weeks who did not reach the J-ASQ-3 score cutoff value was significantly higher in all areas at both 6 months and 12 months after birth, when compared to that of infants born at 40 weeks. The odds ratio decreased at 12 months after birth compared to that at 6 months after birth.ConclusionEarly term infants in Japan are at an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay at 12 months after birth.

The role of cell-free DNA biomarkers and patient data in the early prediction of preeclampsia: an artificial intelligence model

ObjectiveAccurate individualized assessment of preeclampsia risk enables the identification of patients most likely to benefit from initiation of low-dose aspirin at 12-16 weeks’ gestation when there is evidence for its effectiveness, as well as guiding appropriate pregnancy care pathways and surveillance. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of artificial neural network models for the prediction of preterm preeclampsia (<37 weeks’ gestation) using patient characteristics available at the first antenatal visit and data from prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening. Secondary outcomes were prediction of early onset preeclampsia (<34 weeks’ gestation) and term preeclampsia (≥37 weeks’ gestation). MethodsThis secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter, observational prenatal cfDNA screening study (SMART) included singleton pregnancies with known pregnancy outcomes. Thirteen patient characteristics that are routinely collected at the first prenatal visit and two characteristics of cfDNA, total cfDNA and fetal fraction (FF), were used to develop predictive models for early-onset (<34 weeks), preterm (<37 weeks), and term (≥37 weeks) preeclampsia. For the models, the ‘reference’ classifier was a shallow logistic regression (LR) model. We also explored several feedforward (non-linear) neural network (NN) architectures with one or more hidden layers and compared their performance with the LR model. We selected a simple NN model built with one hidden layer and made up of 15 units. ResultsOf 17,520 participants included in the final analysis, 72 (0.4%) developed early onset, 251 (1.4%) preterm, and 420 (2.4%) term preeclampsia. Median gestational age at cfDNA measurement was 12.6 weeks and 2,155 (12.3%) had their cfDNA measurement at 16 weeks’ gestation or greater. Preeclampsia was associated with higher total cfDNA (median 362.3 versus 339.0 copies/ml cfDNA; p<0.001) and lower FF (median 7.5% versus 9.4%; p<0.001). The expected, cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) scores for early onset, preterm, and term preeclampsia were 0.782, 0.801, and 0.712, respectively for the LR model, and 0.797, 0.800, and 0.713, respectively for the NN model. At a screen-positive rate of 15%, sensitivity for preterm preeclampsia was 58.4% (95% CI 0.569, 0.599) for the LR model and 59.3% (95% CI 0.578, 0.608) for the NN model.The contribution of both total cfDNA and FF to the prediction of term and preterm preeclampsia was negligible. For early-onset preeclampsia, removal of the total cfDNA and FF features from the NN model was associated with a 6.9% decrease in sensitivity at a 15% screen positive rate, from 54.9% (95% CI 52.9-56.9) to 48.0% (95% CI 45.0-51.0). ConclusionRoutinely available patient characteristics and cfDNA markers can be used to predict preeclampsia with performance comparable to other patient characteristic models for the prediction of preterm preeclampsia. Both LR and NN models showed similar performance.

Early term results of venous leg ulcer treatment in chronic venous disease: a Latam perspective

Early term results of venous leg ulcer treatment in chronic venous disease: a Latam perspective

Role of neurotrophic growth factors in vincristine polyneuropathy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) is one of the frequent toxic complications in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. The pathogenesis of peripheral nerve damage is not fully understood; however, recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of neurotrophic factors. The purpose of the study: to evaluate the level of plasma neurotrophic growth factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and determine their association with the VIPN formation. Materials and methods: 131 newly diagnosed ALL patients aged 3 to 17 years receiving chemotherapy according to the ALL–MB 2015 protocol participated in a single-center prospective study. Depending on the development of VIPN, the patients were divided into two groups: the study group (n=106) — children with VIPN and the comparison group (n=25) — children without VIPN. The plasma level of neurotrophic growth factors (NGF-β and BDNF) was determined using multiparametric immunofluorescence analysis.Results: during the follow-up period, 80.9 % of the children (n=106) developed VIPN against the background of chemotherapy. In most cases, neurotoxic disorder manifested at the induction stage of treatment — in 84.9 % (n=90) of the patients. The clinical phenotype of VIPN was characterized by a combination of neurological disorders in 67.9 % (n=72) of the patients, with the predominance of sensory and motor symptoms. The comparative analysis of plasma neurotrophic growth factors in the groups of children with ALL depending on the VIPN formation showed that in the patients with VIPN, a statistically significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was noted at the consolidation stage of chemotherapy (study 1–284.3 (97.4÷628.3) pg/mL; study 2–281.7 (178.9÷679.2) pg/mL; study 3–980.2 (454.3÷2,005.9) pg/mL; p1-2=0.424 and p1-3=0.009). However, in the children without VIPN, an increase in this growth factor was observed during the induction phase (study 1–370.5 (95.4÷463.8) pg/mL; study 2–683.0 (362.4÷1,486.3) pg/mL; study 3–674.6 (394.8÷2,584.0) pg/mL; p1-2=0.043 and p1-3=0.021). In addition, in the study group patients with the early debut of VIPN, the level of nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β) before the administration of chemotherapy was significantly lower in contrast to the patients with its development in later terms (22.7 (10.9÷22.7) pg/mL and 24.7 (22.7÷91.5) pg/mL, respectively; p=0.045). When assessing the clinical value of this indicator, the diagnostic sensitivity was 88 %, specificity — 71 %, and the integral index characterizing the accuracy of the test was 0.81. Conclusion. The increase in plasma growth factor (BDNF) in earlier terms in children without VIPN probably reflects the mechanisms aimed at preventing the realization of VIPN. The established low concentration of plasma NGF-β and optimal diagnostic characteristics of the factor in children with early VIPN onset allow considering it as a prognostic biomarker.

Evaluation of possible associated factors for early childhood caries: are preterm birth and birth weight related?

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the oral and dental health of preschool children aged 12–71 months living in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, and to examine the effects of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm, early term and term birth on dental caries.Methods475 participants were included in the study. Intraoral examinations were performed and evaluated for the presence of early childhood caries (ECC). These values ​​are; Relationships such as age, gender, birth weight, week of birth, tooth brushing frequency, cariogenic nutrition, and parental education levels were examined. The obtained data were analyzed statistically (chi-square, t-test, artificial neural network (ANN)).ResultsOf the 475 participants, whose parents agreed to fill out the questionnaire, 250 were female and 225 were male. While the mean age was 49.78 ± 14.78 months for those with ECC, it was 38.93 ± 17.96 months for those without. Higher duration of breastfeeding (p = 0.04), education level of parents (p = 0.001), lower socioeconomic level (p = 0.001), and lower brushing frequency (p = 0.001) were also found to be significantly associated with ECC. ECC was seen in 90% of 77 children with a history of preterm birth. In LBW, this rate was 83%. According to the ANN result, in preterm birth; 12.9% affected ECC by LBW.ConclusionAccording to the results of our study, both LBW and preterm delivery were found to be associated with ECC and S-ECC (severe early childhood caries). An additional study on parents of preterm/LBW infants would be beneficial. In the early period, regular dental examination, implementation of preventive and preventive treatments, and nutrition education to parents can make a significant difference in the prevention of ECC.

Are Maternal Vitamin D (25(OH)D) Levels a Predisposing Risk Factor for Neonatal Growth? A Cross-Sectional Study.

Neonatal bone mass may potentially be influenced by existing maternal vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Few studies evaluated maternal vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with neonatal anthropometrics such as weight, height and head circumference (HC), especially in Greece, which is a Mediterranean country with plenty of sunshine and consequently benefits the synthesis of 25(OH)D. We investigated this potential association in Greece, taking into account the administration or not of prenatal vitamin D supplements. The purpose of our study is to ascertain if there is a possible association between maternal VDD and neonatal specific anthropometric characteristics (weight, height and HC) at birth. If this is confirmed by future clinical studies, it would be of interest to develop a prenatal pregnancy selection program that would detect VDD early or during pregnancy in order to improve fetal-neonatal development in a Mediterranean country like ours. We performed a cross-sectional study on 248 early early term infants (after 37 + 0 to 38 + 6 weeks of gestation) but also on full-term infants (after 39 to 40 weeks of gestation) and their Greek mothers from September 2019 to January 2022. Blood samples of 25(OH)D were taken from the mother at the beginning of labor and cord blood was taken from the newborn. Pregnant women were divided into two groups: those who received or did not receive a normal dose of calcium (500 mg/day) and vitamin D supplements (400-800 IU/day) as instructed by their treating physicians. Our findings revealed a positive association between maternal VDD and low neonate birth weight (LBW) in women receiving vitamin D during pregnancy and no association between maternal VDD and neonatal height or head circumference (HC) at birth. Overall, this study highlighted the association between maternal VDD at the end of gestation and LBW neonates born to mothers who received vitamin D supplementation. We did not find any correlation in two of the three somatometric characteristics studied, height and HC. In any case, more clinical studies are needed to further corroborate any potential association of maternal VDD with other neonatal somatometric characteristics.

Postnatal Hospitalization Rates and Short-Term Follow-up Results of Late Preterm, Early Term, and Term Newborns

Objective: Late preterm newborns are defined as infants born at 34-36 weeks of gestation, while early term newborns are those born at 37-38 weeks. Late preterm and early term newborns have higher risks of morbidity and mortality compared to term infants. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in late preterm and early term newborns with reference to term newborns.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A total of 1000 newborns born between 34 and 42 weeks of gestation in our hospital were included in this study. These cases were evaluated according to maternal age, birth weight, APGAR score, mode of delivery, need for postnatal resuscitation, family income, hospitalization rate, and need for mechanical ventilation.&#x0D; Results: Among the 1000 newborns included in the study, respiratory problems were more common in male newborns. As income levels increased, the rate of births closer to term increased. The hospitalization rate of late preterm newborns was higher compared to early term and term newborns while APGAR scores were lower. Finally, the need for mechanical ventilation was higher among late preterm newborns.&#x0D; Conclusion: In evaluations of late preterm and early term newborns, their physiological immaturity should be considered and it should not be forgotten that they have higher risks in terms of morbidity and mortality. Delivery should not be planned before the 39th week of gestation unless there is a medical indication.

Neurological development in children born moderately or late preterm: national cohort study

ObjectiveTo assess long term neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born at different gestational ages, particularly 32-33 weeks (moderately preterm) and 34-36 weeks (late preterm), compared with 39-40 weeks (full term).DesignNationwide cohort...

Impact of timing of delivery for type 2 diabetes on perinatal outcomes

AimsTo compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had scheduled delivery at full term (≥ 39 0/7 weeks) compared to early term (37 0/7 – 38 6/7 weeks) for T2DM indications. MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study that included all singletons with T2DM with a scheduled delivery at a single tertiary care center between January 2008 and March 2022. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results107 singleton pregnancies were included. There was no significant difference in primary cesarean delivery between the two groups. The early term group had significantly higher rates of NICU admission compared to the term group (52% vs 32%, p = 0.05, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0–5.0), a finding that remained statistically significant on adjusted analysis (adjusted OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.04–7.58). ConclusionsIn singleton pregnancies undergoing scheduled delivery for T2DM-specific indications, early term deliveries were associated with significantly increased odds of NICU admission when compared to term deliveries, even after adjusting for surrogate markers of glycemic control. These findings suggest that early term delivery contributes to risk of NICU admission, rather than the indication for delivery itself. These findings should be replicated in a larger cohort.

Cord Blood Albumin; A Predictor of Neonatal Jaundice

Objective: To determine significance of cord blood albumin as predictor of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methodology: This cross-sectional was conducted in 6 months from 24-4-2021 to 23-9-2021 at Department of neonatology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Hospital, Muzaffargarh. Early preterm, late preterm and term neonates, age less than 1 week were included in the study. Patients were divided in three groups on basis of gestational age. Group 1 was included early preterm; group 2 was included late preterm and group 3 was including term neonates. Cord blood samples were taken in sterile vials for serum albumin at birth. Patients were followed from 2nd to 7th day of life for development of jaundice. Patients who had transcutaneous bilirubin more than 5mg/dl were selected for serum bilirubin level estimation. Results: A total of 73 newborn babies were studied; with an average age of approximately 4.94+1.68 days. There were 52.1% male and 47.9% female babies. There were no significant differences in average blood cord albumin and direct bilirubin levels among these groups. However, significant variations were observed in terms of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin levels, with early and late preterm babies displaying higher levels compared to term babies. Moreover, the study established significant inverse correlations between cord blood albumin levels and both total bilirubin (r ? -0.389, p = 0.001) and indirect bilirubin levels (r ? -0.313, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Study provides compelling evidence to support the role of cord blood albumin as a predictor of neonatal jaundice through its observed inverse correlations with bilirubin levels. The findings underscore the potential clinical utility of cord blood albumin as an early diagnostic marker for identifying newborns at risk of developing jaundice.

Risk Factors Of Ovarian Cancer Among The Postmenopausal Women

Background: Ovarian cancer ranks 5thin cancer deaths among women. A woman’s risk of getting ovarian cancer during her lifetime is about 1 in 75. Cancer mainly develops in older women.&#x0D; Methods: The case control study was carried out among 154 respondents in medical oncology department, NIRCH, Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2017. Among the participants, 77 were cases who had ovarian cancer and another 77 were controls who had no ovarian cancer. Convenient sampling technique was used and data were collected by face-to-face interview using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered on to the template of SPSS and analysis was done.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of case and control group were 60.06±7.00 and 59.89±6.96 years respectively. Highest number of respondents were illiterate. Majority came from rural area and had no personal monthly income. Most of them were taken high fiber diet, 83.1% in case and 77.9% in control group. About 80.5% in case and 66.2% in control group had BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Sedentary workers 40.3% in case and 13.0% in control group; moderate workers were 31.2% in case and 20.8% in control group and hard workers were 28.5% and 66.2% in case and control group respectively. The mean age of menarche 12.02±1.19 years and 12.87±1.30 years in case and control group respectively and mean age of menopause in case and in control groups respectively 51.54±2.39 and 49.61±1.29 years. In case group 49.3% had early term pregnancy whereas in control group 9.5% had early term pregnancy; in case group 82.1% and in control group 86.5% had breast feeding history. Around 16.9% in case group and 27.3% in control group used to take OCP. Significantly more respondents 6.5% in case group had personal H/O breast cancer than control group. Positive family history of breast and ovarian cancer was found 16.9% in case group and 2.6% in control group. In binary logistic regression analysis for risk factors of OC was found that sedentary activity was associated with increased risk, increased BMI (≥25 kg/m2), early age of menarche (≤12 years), late age of menopause (&gt;51 years), nullipara and early term pregnancy. Family H/O breast or ovarian cancer significantly associated with development of ovarian cancer.&#x0D; Conclusion: Ovarian cancer observed more in older age group (≥60 years) among sedentary worker with high body mass index (≥25 kg/m2). Early age of menarche (≤12 years), late menopause (&gt;50 years), never having given birth to a child in life time, early term of pregnancy and family history of breast and ovarian cancer were significantly associated with ovarian cancer among post-menopausal women.&#x0D; JOPSOM 2021; 41(2):28-35

The Relationship Between Early Term Birth and the Risk of Later Childhood Mental Disorders Within a Pregnancy Cohort.

This study examines whether gestational age, birth weight, and early term birth is associated with childhood mental disorders in 342 pregnant women recruited at less than 20weeks gestation and were then followed up until 4years postpartum, including 93 children born at early term. Women were assessed at recruitment using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM. At 4years of age their children were assessed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). This study found earlier birth predicted an increased risk for anxiety disorders and demonstrated a significant interaction between gestational age and lower birthweight. The risk for ADHD increased with lower gestational age independent of birthweight. In contrast, gestational age was not associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, internalizing or externalizing symptoms. These findings highlight the important differences in the association of early term birth and vulnerability for specific mental disorders.

Short-term outcomes in early term infants (born at 37 or 38 weeks): a retrospective investigation.

Recently, researchers have introduced the concept of 'early term' infants, defined as infants born at 37 or 38 weeks of gestation, and their outcome has been discussed. Although the complications experienced by early term are less severe than those in preterm infants, this group accounts for a much larger proportion of newborns, making the assessment of outcomes important in clinical practice. This observational study of term infants born at Tokyo Metropolitan Toshima Hospital aimed to understand the short-term outcomes in early term infants. Data extracted from the medical records were analyzed. Among 4,669 eligible participants, 463 (9.9%) were born at 37 weeks and 1,270 (27.2%) were born at 38 weeks. The remaining 2,936 infants were born after 39 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression analysis showed higher odds ratio of hospitalization (1.56, 95% CI: 1.37-1.79, p < 0.05), apnea (2.23, 95%CI: 1.08-4.60, p < 0.05), and hypoglycemia (3.13, 95%CI: 1.95-5.03, p < 0.05) in early term infants. In detail, infants born at 37 weeks of gestational age had higher odds ratio for hospitalization (2.07, 95%CI: 1.68-2.35, p < 0.05) and hypoglycemia (4.11, 95%CI 2.22-7.60, p < 0.05) than infants born at 38 weeks of gestational age (1.40, 95%CI: 1.20-1.62, p < 0.05, and 2.78, 95%CI: 1.66-4.67, p < 0.0 respectively). This study revealed complicated clinical course in early term infants, and represents one of the largest contributions to understanding the outcomes of early term infants, and could help to determine strategies for elective cesarean section. According to this result, elective cesarean sections would be better planned at 38 weeks of gestational age. Moreover, in clinical practice, it is important to be aware of the complicated clinical course in early term infants.

Treatment of patients with crowding of the anterior group of teeth by circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy in the treatment of tortoanomalies to improve the effectiveness of treatment, prevent recurrence and increase the stability of the achieved result. Materials and Methods: Our study consists in determining the effectiveness of the use of methods that prevent the recurrence of tortoanomalies - circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy (CSF) in patients over the age of 16 years and the effect of CSF on the gingival junction in the treatment of tortoanomalіes with fixed orthodontic multibonding equipment. Results: The high level of stability of results proves expediency operations circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy and papilla splitting at orthodontic treatment of frontal teeth density at patients older 16 years and for increasing stability of results of treatment by prevention of relapse tortoanomalies. Efficiency of the offered ways of treatment is proved clinically and anthropometrically on the early and remote terms of supervision (1, 6, 12 months). Conclusions: The high level of stability of results proves expediency operations circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy and papilla splitting at orthodontic treatment of frontal teeth density at patients older 16 years and for increasing stability of results of treatment by prevention of relapse tortoanomalies. Efficiency of the offered ways of treatment is proved clinically and anthropometrically on the early and remote terms of supervision (1, 6, 12 months).