Early Adolescent Stage Research Articles

Effect of Tanner Stage on Proprioception Accuracy

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare to proprioceptive accuracy between early adolescence which include Tanner stage I and II, and late adolescence which include Tanner Stage IV and V. METHODS: 24 healthy, non-athletes who were in Tanner Stage I or II during early adolescence and late adolescence including 13 healthy, non-athletes adolescents who were in Tanner Stage IV or V were included. We evaluated the proprioceptive ability by using four different tests; one-leg-standing test, a single limb-hopping test, an active reproduction test, and a passive angle-reproduction test. Single-Limb-Hopping course consists of eight squares, four of which are flat One square has a 15° incline. The volunteers were asked to jump across the course on one leg by touching each area once as fast as possible without leaving the course. The total result was quantified by the seconds used to pass the course. One-leg-standing test evaluates the adolescents' ability to keep balance while standing on one leg. Each surface-contact with the contralateral leg was counted as one failure point. The active angle-reproduction test was performed at positions of 25° of plantarflexion and 15° dorsiflexion. Angular displacement was recorded as the error in degrees between the presented angle and the repositioned angle. Sense of the passive movement evaluated with the device is a box with movable platform that rotates about a single axis for the passive reproduction of passive positioning at 25° of plantarflexion and 15° of dorsiflexion. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between early and late adolescence stages and between dominant and non-dominant ankle in each groups in single-limb-hopping test. There were statistically differences between early and late adolescent stage in non-dominant ankle in for one-leg-standing test. For passive for sense position of the joint there were no significant differences between early and late adolescent stage for plantar and dorsi flexion passive for sense position. Active for sense of the joint position there were no significant differences between early and late adolescent stage for plantar and dorsi flexion active for sense position. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual maturation stage is not affected on proprioceptive ability in adolescence.

Comprehensive Longitudinal Study of the Physical and Psychophysiological Development of Schoolchildren at the Preadolescent, Early Adolescent, and Late Adolescent Ontogenetic Stages

Results are presented of a 10-year comprehensive study of the changes in somatic, psychophysiological, and autonomic parameters of 132 students of an innovative school (a linguistics-oriented gymnasium) by using computer-aided psychophysiological and functional diagnostics. Certain changes were found in the development of the structural and functional psychosomatic complexes of students at different stages of their ontogenesis.

Self-esteem and hopefulness in adolescents with cancer

Increased survivorship in childhood cancer has raised questions about adolescents' psychosocial functioning during the treatment experience and long-term adaptation as cancer survivors. This descriptive correlation study examines the relationships among the stages of adolescence, gender, self-esteem, and hopefulness in a sample of 45 adolescents with cancer. The perceived level of self-esteem was measured by using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory; the amount of hopefulness was measured by using the Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents. Mean scores for self-esteem and hopefulness were comparable to normative data reported for healthy adolescents on each scale. Perceived level of self-esteem and hopefulness did not significantly differ between boys and girls overall; early, middle, and late adolescents; or between boys and girls within each stage of adolescence. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed self-esteem and the early stage of adolescence accounted for 27.3% (R2 =.306) of the variance in hopefulness scores. Self-esteem was the most significant predictor (F = 12.456, p =.001), explaining 20.7% of the variance (R2 =.225, p =.001). This study contributes to nursing the knowledge of the psychosocial response and the treatment experience in adolescents with cancer. These results can be used in future research to develop and test nursing actions that can influence a perceived sense of self-esteem and hopefulness and potentially allow for continued psychosocial development and effective coping among these adolescents during treatment and into survivorship. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company

Moderate Zinc-Iron Deprivation Influences Behavior but Not Growth in Adolescent Rhesus Monkeys

Primate species demonstrate a prolonged period of development before reproductive maturity that includes distinctive periods of rapid growth in the late fetal, late infancy and early adolescent stages. Rhesus monkeys resemble humans in this discontinuous pattern of growth and also in its relationship to brain development. Studies of zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys have suggested an important relationship among growth rate, nutrient status and behavioral performance in infancy as well as adolescence. Recently, moderate combined zinc and iron deprivation (intake 0.2 mg Zn and 0.8 mg Fe/d, compared with control intake of 2.9 mg Zn and 1.7 mg Fe/d) during the adolescent growth spurt (29-32 mo. of age) of female rhesus monkeys (n = 8/group) was shown to influence behavior without affecting growth. Behavioral assessments included the Continuous Performance Test, the Delayed Nonmatch to Sample Test and activity (measured with an actimeter). The behavioral syndrome was characterized by reduced activity, reduced participation in behavioral testing and slower response. These changes could be reversed or prevented to some extent by altering the diet to include tablets of powdered beef (adding approximately 1.7 mg Zn and 0.7 mg Fe to daily intake). The study suggests that behavior may be sensitive to the quality of the diet available during the period of rapid adolescent growth and development.

第二の個体化の過程からみた親子関係および友人関係

The purposes of the present study included designing a scale to ask adolescents in the second individuation process (Blos, 1985) the images of four target persons (mother, father, and the closest same-sex and other-sex friends), and using the resulting scale to investigate the relations between adolescents and their parents, and between adolescents and their friends. The questionnaire was completed by 821 junior and senior high school students in the early or middle stages of adolescence. From an iterated principal factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted about images of their parents: Idealization, Non-Dependence, Understanding, and Conflict, and 4 factors about images of their closest same-sex and other-sex friends: Reliability, Intimacy, Individuality, and Rivalry. The image of the adolescents' parents and of their same-sex and other-sex friends changed as the youth matured, relations between a female adolescent and her mother or closest friend were much closer than those between a male youth and his mother or closest friend. Non-Dependence on parents, and Understanding of the Mother, both accelerate Reliability and Intimacy with the same-sex friend.

A longitudinal study of smoking in year 7 and 8 students speaking English or a language other than English at home in Sydney, Australia

OBJECTIVETo compare the rates and predictors of smoking uptake between adolescents speaking English and those speaking a language other than English (LOTE) at home.DESIGNA cross-sectional survey of year 7 and...

Preparing to parent the adolescent: a theoretical overview.

Early adolescence (ages 11-14 years) occurs at the time most parents are in middle adulthood. The tasks of both early adolescent and middle adulthood stages are numerous and complex. As a societal unit, the family is challenged to meet one another's needs for cohesion, adaptability, and satisfaction. Family communication and the family's ability to resolve conflicts are proposed as facilitating factors to meet these challenges.

Gender‐related differences in reasoning skills and learning interests of junior high school students

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate gender‐related differences in the relationship between the development of formal reasoning skills and learning interests during the early adolescent stage. For this purpose, 249 students, from seventh to ninth grade, were assessed for their level of mastery of formal reasoning skills by a test based on videotaped simple experiments. Learning interests were assessed by a written response to an open question. Results showed that adolescent boys develop patterns of formal reasoning before their girl classmates. In addition, boys tend to prefer science and technology subjects, while girls tend to prefer language, social studies, and humanities. Analysis of interactions showed that boys' tendency toward science and technology is positively correlated to their age and development of formal reasoning, while girls' tendency to the above subjects is positively related to their development of formal reasoning capacity, but inversely related to their age. Possible explanations to the above‐described findings and suggestions for instructional modes that may increase girls' interest in science and technology are discussed.

IDSA -- Past, Present, and ?Future?

At the annual meeting in Minneapolis last year it was announced that I planned to have a to create a dedicated block of time during which discussions could be held about numerous issues facing our society. The Council meetings, held twice a year, do not permit in-depth discussion because of the necessity of carrying out other functions. This retreat was held, and I would like to bring you up to date as to several consensuses developed at the meeting. As I hope to be able to convey to you, the issues that were addressed reflected on the beginnings of this society and what it stands for, how these foundations have been changed, and what further changes seem inevitable. The need for a retreat was readily apparent. The Society has been maturing, but we are probably still in the stage of early adolescence. During the past 24 years, the IDSA has had 23 presidents, 5 secretaries, and 3 treasurers; 50 people have served as councillors. This group of dedicated volunteers has formulated and modified our by-laws, given us an excellent code of ethics, and entered us into the arena of public policy, a very successful venture due to the excellent talents of Dr. Shelly Wolfe from Boston, with the assistance of Mr. Stephen Lawton of Washington, for educating the Senators and Representatives of Washington. Over the years, various fellowships were created that have been awarded by the Society and that have been financed by generous grants from the pharmaceutical houses. Prestigious awards for achievements in infectious disease research and training have been a continuous activity and an important part of our annual meetings. The Journal of Infectious Diseases has been markedly improved as it was taken over by this society and its fine editors; in addition the Reviews of Infectious Diseases was born and has flourished. In its collective wisdom, the IDSA has modified membership categories, an act that has resulted in a rapid

Impact of Developmental Factors on Motivating the School Achievement of Young Adolescents: Theory and Implications for Practice

Recent writing on school motivation has prescribed techniques to be used, but has failed to tailor such techniques to the developmental level of the young adolescent. This article addresses the following motivational techniques and indicates aspects of the developmental stage of early adolescence that are relevant to their application: (a) use of behavorist incentives; (b) evocation of facilitative expectations and causal attributions; (c) use of social incentives; (d) use of competition; and (e) enhancement of intrinsic motivation.

Review of Puberty and adolescence.

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1979, Vol 24(1), 81. Reviews the book, Puberty and adolescence by Barbara Baker Sommer (1978). This textbook focuses on the pre- and early-adolescent stages of development, which usually occur between the ages of 10 and 15 years.

Formation Of Self-Concept Of Early Adolescent Boys And Girls As A Function Of Academic Achievement And Parental Profession

The study conducted an empirical investigation on self-concept as related to gender, parental profession and academic achievement among early-adolescent boys and girls in various institutions of Rajshahi city. A total of 160 respondents constituted the sample of the study. A 2×2×2 factorial design involving two levels of gender (boy/girl), two levels of parental profession (service/business) and two levels of academic achievement (high achiever/low achiever) were used. The results showed significantly higher self-concept of girls than boys. In case of academic achievement high achievers expressed significantly more positive self-concept than low achievers. In case of parental service, high achiever boys and high achiever girls expressed significantly more positive self-concept followed by their counterpart low achievers. In case of parental business, it was found that high achiever girls expressed significantly more positive self-concept than low achiever girls. However no significant mean difference was obtained between high achiever boys and low achiever boys in case of parental business. Thus, self-concept of young children was found to be determined by gender, parental profession and academic achievement during early adolescent stage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9728 JLES 2011 6: 97-103

Aggression In Adolescent Chakma Tribal Students As A Function Of Gender And Stage Of Development

Aggression behaviour in 160 adult Chakma tribal students was studied. The subjects were equally divided into boys and girls. Each category was again subdivided into early adolescent and late adolescent. Age of early adolescent group ranged from 11 to 14 years and late adolescent group ranged from 15 to 18 years. Thus, the study used a 2×2 factorial design representing two levels of gender (boy versus girl) and two levels of stage of development (early versus late adolescence). The measure of aggressive behaviour was administered on the sample for data collection. It was found that regardless of stage of development, boys expressed significantly higher rates of aggression than girls. Similarly, regardless of gender, respondents at early adolescent stage expressed significantly higher rates of aggression than the respondents at late adolescent stage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9722 JLES 2011 6: 59-63

A comparative study in aggression between adolescent boys and girls of tribal and non-tribal students in Chitagong Hill Tracts

The present study was an effort to conduct an empirical investigation behaviour on aggression in adolescent boys and girls of tribal (i.e. Chakma) and non-tribal (i.e. Bengali) students in Chittagong Hill Tracts. A sample consisting of 360 respondents was selected from tribal (N = 160) and non-tribal (N = 160) subjects. Each group was equally divided into boys and girls. Each gender was then equally divided into early and late adolescents. Thus, the study used a 2×2×2 factorial design representing two races (Chakma/Bengali), two genders (boys/girls) and two stages of development (early adolescence/late adolescence). The Measure of Aggressive Behaviour (MAB) was administered on the sample for data collection. Regardless of gender and stage of development, tribal respondents were found to express significantly higher rates of aggression than non-tribal respondents. Again, regardless of race and stage of development, boys expressed significantly higher rates of aggression than girls. Similarly, regardless of race and gender, respondents at early adolescent stage expressed significantly higher rates of aggression than the respondents at late adolescent stage. Key words: Aggression; adolescence; race; sex; stages of development DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7502 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 79-84, 2007

Forms of mental growth patterns revealed by reanalysis of the Harvard growth data.

This report deals with a study which began as a supplementary and minor effort to check certain hypotheses about mental growth by a reanalysis of a few hundred cases whose growth records were recorded in one volume of the Harvard Growth Study (2). The findings from the first sample of 250 cases became so intriguing that the study was extended until it included over i ioo of the 1500 cases recorded in this volume. The hypothesis we wished to check was that there may be a limited number of patterns of mental growth which will suffice to characterize the mental growth of most individuals. If these can be identified by graphic methods of plotting longitudinal data for individuals without using elaborate statistical techniques, it might be possible for schools to utilize such methods with great advantage to discover the developmental needs of children and adolescents. The findings have raised many questions which seem to the authors of profound importance for education, especially at the early adolescent stage. This paper will report the development of the method of analysis, the major results of the application of this method to the Harvard growth data, and some of the possible implications for education. It is believed that these are of sufficient importance to warrant a major longitudinal study involving a wide scope of interrelationships.

Phototropism in the Larval and Early Adolescent Stages of Homarus americanus

Phototropism in the Larval and Early Adolescent Stages of <i>Homarus americanus</i>