Early Sixties Research Articles

A Review: The Tectonic Perspective and seismic response of Darbandikhan Dam Stability and potential solutions

Darbandikhan dam is a rockfill dam constructed northwest of Iraq in the early sixties. Even though the dam is located in a mountain zone with high seismic influence, the dam was not designed to resist a high seismic motion. This study is a review of Darbandikhan dam current situation and the possible factors of its potential failure. The dam can be regarded as a vulnerable condition. Due to the unstable geologic formations and the existence of limestone and anhydrite which can impact the dam stability. On the other hand, rainfall dwindling and the temperature rising affected the hydrological system in the area. Climate change causes drought, desertification followed by a flood in a very short period. Therefore, the dam reservoir elevation has been diminished due to the reduction of the inflow. The dam has experienced a strong seismic motion in November 2017, it causes serious fissures on the dam road, failure on the left side slope and rocks toppling. The sliding of soil and the falling rocks in the dam lake when the earthquake hit the dam location, lead to clay accumulation which has prevented the gates to be opened. Serious and fast maintenance have to be implemented to fix the landslides and dam safety against earthquakes.

Adalékok Kondor Béla sors-történetéhez

Adalékok Kondor Béla sors-történetéhez

Trajectories of physical functioning among older adults in the US by race, ethnicity and nativity: Examining the role of working conditions.

Latinos in the US live significantly longer than non-Latino whites, but spend more years disabled. Differentials in socioeconomic status account for part, but not all, of the difference in older age disability between Latinos and whites. We hypothesize that a factor often ignored in the literature—the fact that Latinos, on average, have more physically strenuous jobs than non-Latino whites—contributes to the higher Latino risk of functional limitations at older ages. We use longitudinal data from the 1998–2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) comprising 17,297 respondents. Compared to US-born whites, Latinos, especially Latino immigrants, report substantially higher levels of physical effort at work. Latino-black differences are much smaller than Latino-white differences. As hypothesized, physical work effort is strongly related to functional limitations. However, differentials in physical work effort for Latinos and whites in their fifties and early sixties are weakly related to Latino-white differentials in FL at later ages.

High and rising senior employment in the Nordic countries

The employment of older workers is high and rising in the Nordic countries, and most seniors have flexible access to emloyment or retirement from their early sixties. There is still potential for further improvements even in the Nordic countries, however. This article describes and analyses this development and the main policies and reforms behind it. The article ends up with some preliminary impacts on senior employment from the Covid 19 pandemic this year

Certified Smoking Cessation Units in Spain: High Potential for Detection of Undiagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Profile of Newly Diagnosed Cases.

PurposeSmokers attending smoking cessation units (SCUs) may offer a unique opportunity for early recognition of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed at assessing the impact of SCUs on the early diagnosis of COPD and describing the clinical and smoking profile of newly-diagnosed COPD cases at SCUs certified by the Spanish Society of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR).Patients and MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional observational cohort study (DIPREPOQ study) was performed in eight SEPAR-certified SCUs in Spain. Adult current smokers with no previously diagnosed respiratory disease and having one o more respiratory symptoms were included. Lung functional tests were performed and previously undiagnosed COPD cases were identified and characterized based on national guidelines.ResultsOut of 401 individuals newly attending the SCUs, 252 participants were included and 73 (28.9%) met the definition of previously undiagnosed COPD. A characterization of patients with COPD being newly recognized in SCUs showed: age (mean±SD) 61±9 years; men 59%; active work status 53.1%; functional class I/II dyspnea 82.8%, GOLD state mild/moderate/severe 57%/31%/12%; non-exacerbators 90%, CAT 14±4; emphysema in X-rays 40%. Most common co-morbidities were cardiovascular and psychiatric (anxiety and depression) ones. Usual smoking history included a lengthy smoking history (41±9 years) and a current consumption of 24±9 cigarettes/day.Conclusions and ImplicationsConsistently certified SCUs can have a substantial contribution to early diagnosis of COPD. A typical profile of newly detected cases is reported, with most patients being men at their early sixties, with mild symptoms and with high and lengthy smoking history. Our study reports a high usefulness of lung functional tests to detect undiagnosed COPD in appropriately selected participants attending SCUs at a large national scale, using a standardized methodology. This is likely to be facilitated by the certification of SCUs using well-defined requirements by national scientific societies.

Development and Health of Adults Formerly Placed in Infant Care Institutions - Study Protocol of the LifeStories Project.

A growing volume of research from global data demonstrates that institutional care under conditions of deprivation is profoundly damaging to children, particularly during the critical early years of development. However, how these individuals develop over a life course remains unclear. This study uses data from a survey on the health and development of 420 children mostly under the age of three, placed in 12 infant care institutions between 1958 and 1961 in Zurich, Switzerland. The children exhibited significant delays in cognitive, social, and motor development in the first years of life. Moreover, a follow-up of a subsample of 143 children about 10 years later revealed persistent difficulties, including depression, school related-problems, and stereotypies. Between 2019 and 2021, these formerly institutionalized study participants were located through the Swiss population registry and invited to participate once again in the research project. Now in their early sixties, they are studied for their health, further development, and life-course trajectories. A mixed-methods approach using questionnaires, neuropsychological assessments, and narrative biographical interviews was implemented by a multidisciplinary team. Combining prospective and retrospective data with standardized quantitative and biographical qualitative data allows a rich reconstruction of life histories. The availability of a community sample from the same geographic location, the 1954–1961 cohort of the Zurich Longitudinal Studies, described in detail in a paper in this issue (Wehrle et al., 2020), enables comparison with an unaffected cohort. This article describes the study design and study participants in detail and discusses the potential and limitations of a comparison with a community sample. It outlines a set of challenges and solutions encountered in the process of a lifespan longitudinal study from early childhood into the cusp of old age with a potentially vulnerable sample and summarizes the lessons learned along the way.

The Contribution of Poultry, Swine and Rabbit Production to the Short-term Solution of Meat Scarcity in Nigeria

THE current public concern about meat shortage in Nigeria is a clear indication that the endemic animal protein deficiency which Nutritionists had long diagnosed at the nutrient level, is now being felt at the commodity level. Estimates on the animal protein intake in Nigeria vary between 7 gm and 8.27 gm. A short-term strategy to narrow this gap has to involve a rapid expansion in the production of those farm animals which are known to possess a high level of biological and economic efficiency in their production. Other important considerations are fecundity, maturity rate, generation interval and general acceptability of the animal products. From these considerations poultry, pigs and rabbits emerge as having unquestionable propensity for this objective. Proposals are made for the immediate establishment of an urban poultry in every state and urban piggeries in ten southern states of Nigeria. These additional sources of animal protein are estimated to add about 2 gm to the present animal protein intake, and as such cannot be claimed to provide all the solutions. Other potent sources of animal protein, particularly the importation of dry fish should be expanded Above all, the Governments of the Federation should explore means of involving the masses in the production of their own meat along similar lines with the poultry revolution of the early sixties in the then Eastern Region or the current food drive in Bendel State.

AVA GARDNER EN LA ESPAÑA DEL DESARROLLISMO: LA RECONSTRUCCIÓN CINÉFILA DE LA MEMORIA SOCIAL EN LA FICCIÓN TELEVISIVA ESPAÑOLA

Resumen: Este artículo examina la reconstrucción de la memoria histórica que lleva a cabo Arde Madrid, una comedia ambientada en el Madrid de comienzos de los sesenta donde vivía Ava Gardner. Las referencias al cine español de los años cincuenta y a las runaway productions hollywoodenses se entremezclan con la biografía de Ava Gardner, al objeto de homenajear a una actriz cuyas películas ambientadas en España fueron determinantes en la construcción del mito. La revisión de los símbolos de la españolidad asociados a la Dictadura y el retrato social convierten la serie en un lugar simbólico de la memoria colectiva.Abstract: This article explores the reconstruction of the historical memory of Arde Madrid, a comedy set in Madrid in the early sixties where Ava Gardner lived. References to the Spanish cinema of the fifties and the Hollywood runaway productions intermix with Ava Gardner’s biography, in order to celebrate an actress whose films set in Spain played a key role in the shaping of the myth. The revision of the Spanishness symbology associated with Franco dictatorship and the social portrait of that period make the series into a symbolic place of collective memory.

Umkämpfte Zugehörigkeit

»[W]hile one can do nothing about choosing one’s relatives, one can, as artist, choose one’s ›ancestors‹.« These words lead to the heart of a dispute between Ralph Ellison and the Dissent editor Irving Howe in the early sixties which had an impact far beyond literary criticism and scholarship. From this well documented controversy we can learn something about both the power of attributions of belonging and the art of evading them.

Books: long read: The Doctor Who Fooled The World. Andrew Wakefield's War On Vaccines: I Looked on Immunisation as an Example of Modern Living and Progress… and Then Came Andrew Wakefield.

Brian Deer Scribe Publications, 2020, PB, 416pp, £16.99, 978-1911617808 > ‘If he believed in something, he would have gone to the ends of the earth to go on believing.’ (from an interview with Wakefield’s mother, pg. 370) > > ‘Can one person change the world? Ask Andrew Wakefield.’ > > (extract from an editorial in The New Indian Express , pg. 5) When I started primary school in a class of 30 there were four of my companions who had callipers and two of them were given chunkier pencils. When my GP gave me a sugar lump on which he had put some liquid, neither he nor my mum told me it was to stop getting polio and it was years later I put the callipers and the sugar lump together. I trusted my GP because he was gentle when he looked in my ears and in the early sixties I cannot remember moaning too much when, with my mum, I stood in a long queue extending no less than 8 detached houses up the street, waiting to see my GP standing with his sleeves rolled up at the door to his one-roomed surgery. He scratched my arm in front of a flickering blue flame, which would have been scary if it was not him standing there. It was only in my A-level days that I understood how Jenner had discovered smallpox vaccine which was used for the last time in West-Yorkshire during a localised outbreak. In my junior doctor days I covered the infectious diseases wards when doing evenings and nights and looked after wards of hot children with coughs and heavily glazed eyes. In my first years as a GP I was tasked to raise the childhood immunisation from ‘What? How do you mean?’ to the 94% which we — the staff, the health visitors and myself — achieved. My two children were fully immunised and I ensured they got the second MMR when …

El hombre supera infinitamente al hombre: el mundo, el demonio y la carne en "La Sotana" de Rodrigo Rubio

La sotana, novela de Rodrigo Rubio publicada en 1968, refleja el tormento vivido `por una parte del del clero español en la época franquista y más en los años posteriores al Concilio Vaticano II. Este artículo intenta profundizar en el tema analizando la actitud y las reflexiones de los diferentes personajes que animan sus páginas. Además se quiere poner de relieve la profunda relación que el texto del escritor albaceteño entretiene con la novela de George Bernanos Diario de un cura rural, publicada en Francia en 1936 y difundida España ya en los primeros años sesenta. en fin, se quiere subrayar la presencia en La sotana de varios elementos de renovación formal. A pesar de ser una novela de corte realista no resulta exenta de algunas de las técnicas narrativas tan en boga en España a partir de la publicación de Tiempo de silencio en1962. La sotana, a novel by Rodrigo Rubio published in 1968 reflects the torment experienced by a part of the Spanish clergy in the Franco era and in the years following the Second Vatican Council. The purpose of this article is to deepen the topic by analyzing the acctitude and reflections of the different characters that animate its pages. Furthermore, we want to highlight the deep relationship between the text of the Albacete writer and the novel by George Bernanos Diario de un cura rural, published in France in 1936 and spread in Spain since the early sixties. Finally, we want to underline the presence in La Sotana of several elementsof formal renewal. Despite being a realistic novel, it presents some narrative techniques so popular in Spain since the publication of Tiempo de Silencio in 1962.

Urban transportation in Libya: An overview

Urbanization and industrialization are becoming increasingly important in developing nations, requiring infrastructure to support and facilitate progress and development. Moreover, growing population prompts growing infrastructure to meet ever-changing demands as well as stimulating urbanization. In recent decades, Libya has witnessed a revolutionary development due to the discovery of oil in the early sixties which has led to an ever-increasing number of users of transportation infrastructure. This paper aims at providing an overview of urban transportation in Libya, in addition to some of the issues that face the whole transportation system. The article would help planners understand and anticipate problems to assist the Libyan government improve the system and encourage investments in the transportation sector. Therefore, available statistics on aspects related to the subject have been collected and represented. The different aspects of transportation that were covered in this paper include transportation systems and infrastructure, pollution, safety, and urban population, as well as parking. Results indicate that there is an urgent need to improve the transportation system in the country. Infrastructures deterioration, environmental hazards, and safety conditions are major concerns that require immediate actions.

Having Type 2 Diabetes Does Not Imply Retirement before Age 65 in Europe

The legal retirement age in Europe is around 65, some countries have a slightly higher or lower retirement age. The isolated effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on retirement in those aged between 51 and 64 was investigated. Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (Wave 7) was used to analyse 10,794 Europeans with T2D or without diabetes, employed or retired. When socio-demographic, health and well-being characteristics were taken into account, having T2D was not significantly associated with retirement (AOR = 1.021; 95%CI 0.918 to 1.137). The profile of those with or without T2D were very similar, differing between those retired or employed. Regardless of T2D, age and gender, Europeans with two or more chronic diseases, limitations with activities, and health problems that limit paid work, tended more to be retired. In contrast those married and with higher levels of education were less prone to be retired. The main finding is that among Europeans in their fifties and early sixties, having T2D does not per se increase significantly the likelihood of retiring before age 65. Those that retired before the legal age probably have or will have limited financial resources necessary for health care, due to their lower level of education and the fact that most of them will not receive a full old-age pension. Among those, T2D can represent an additional vulnerability with ageing, since diabetes is a chronic progressive illness that can lead to health complications, which imply medical costs.

In Pursuit of Masculinity

Abstract In this article, I describe the roles played by society and individual life-history on the aging process of a South Asian artist in Europe. Using participant observation and the life-history method, I look at my informant's emotional practices of aging. The resultant case study delineates his emotional pursuits and his views on what it means to be a man in his early sixties. I start by reviewing anthropological critiques of many of the current taken-for-granted gendered and biomedical conceptions of the aging body. Thereafter, I try to add to the debate surrounding these conceptions by looking into the affective economy of aging that my informant is embedded in. The article is as such an effort to understand the role that affect and emotional practices play in youthful ideals and self-conceptualizations of aging and masculinity.

Beyond the Absurd: Beckettian Tragicomedy Recast in Adrian Noble’s King Lear

ABSTRACT The notion that King Lear can be interpreted through Samuel Beckett’s theatre has now become a critical truism. Peter Brook’s production of the play for the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) in the early sixties stands as a prime example of Becket’s impact on post-Second Wold War interpretations of King Lear. Focusing on Adrian Noble’s 1982 production of the play, this article re-evaluates the theatrical implications of appropriating Beckett to contemporise Shakespeare. In the same way that the affinities with Waiting for Godot re-signified King Lear’s compelling mixture of tragedy and comedy through the lens of the absurd, key features of Godot’s intrinsic tragicomic texture were drastically reconfigured in the production. Verbal, visual, thematic and performative elements emblematic of Godot’s absurdism gained a new resonance when assimilated into the tragic framework of Shakespeare’s King Lear and explored alongside other sources whose nature is entirely distinct from that of Beckett’s tragicomic play.

Revealing Revelation: Hans Haacke’s “All Connected”

Revealing Revelation: Hans Haacke’s “All Connected”

Adrian Craciunescu, To Move and Reconstruct Monuments – Conflicts with Authenticity and Integrity

Moving heritage has never been a problem of engineering. From technical point of view, when heritage became a doctrinal issue, everything was technically achievable already. Present understanding of built heritage is more and more connected to the place where such heritage was constructed and still, less and less related to its materiality. In the early sixties, Salvaging Abu Simbel in the early sixties overexposed this issue of deep link between a monument and its place. It was of such magnitude that even contributed directly to the World Heritage Convention. After more than half a century, due to new technologies and due to many changes in the way heritage is perceived, it appears that concepts of “place” and “reconstruction” tend to become less and less restrictive, to the point that the core concepts of World Heritage - “authenticity” and “integrity” - may become very difficult to assess at a certain moment. At least one position on Romania’s heritage in the World Heritage List is affected by the possibility of “dismantling, transfer and reinstatement at a suitable location” stated by the Granada Convention for the protection of architectural heritage of Europe. The wooden churches are movable by tradition, and this aspect is better reflected in the revised principles of Venice Charter reflected in ICOMOS Australia’s Burra Charter and, more recently, in Nara Document on Authenticity. However, having already so many precedents already, where else could we anymore trace a border line between acceptable and non-acceptable of such transfers and reconstructions in respect of authenticity and integrity? If such a line can be traced, does this mean then that a principle may be negotiable? Can it be properly set in a clear regulation or methodology?

Measurements and Controls: Some Case Studies with Copper Production

In the early sixties, the instrumentation facilities in industries and the boundaries of Instrument engineers were not properly defined due to poor perception and lack of knowledge on the enormous possibilities that existed in different application areas. As a result, the various advantages associated with instrument discipline could not be fruitfully utilized and remained untapped for a long period. But, gradually, with the advancement of technology, it opened up new territories and considered it essential to accept the changes to sustain in the competitive business environment. Ultimately, it had to embrace wide application areas in its fold to further the improved performance of the industries. This paper, briefly discusses the consequence of the lapses frequently ignored in the measurements of important process parameters with the presentation of some case studies in copper processing and subsequently suggests how the in-depth study of the process can aid to the choice of suitable control systems to restore the user’s confidence in accepting that, the relevance of industrial growth is strongly tied up with the proper utilization of the instrumentation facilities offered by the system.

Evolution of Molten Salt Electrolysis in Titanium Production Process

The Titanium industry uses the Kroll process where titanium sponge is produced from the reduction of titanium tetrachloride by magnesium metal. The byproduct of this redox reaction is anhydrous molten magnesium chloride which must be reduced back to magnesium metal to complete the cycle.Since the early sixties Osaka Titanium technologies Co., Ltd has developed monopolar and multipolar magnesium electrolysis cells which have been used in the Kroll process.Monopolar cell has graphite anode and ferrous cathode, whereas multipolar cell has plural graphite bipolar electrodes between graphite anode and ferrous cathode. A magnesium nucleation and growth phenomenon on the graphite bipolar electrodes is different from that on ferrous cathode. Magnesium particles produced on the graphite bipolar electrodes are very fine, which leads to easy back reaction and difficult collection of them. OTC solved this problem and achieved high productivity, energy saving by halves and plant environmental upgrading.

Agriculture Development in India: A State Level Analysis

Agriculture plays vital role in the process of economic development of less developed countries like, India. Besides providing food for the nation, agriculture absorbs labor, provides saving, contributes to the market of industrial goods and earn overseas exchange. The present study attempted to examine the performance of Indian agriculture during post green revolution period and economic reform period. A semi-log model was used to calculate compound annual growth rate of major food and non-food crops. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the land use pattern change and cropping pattern change. Fertilizer use ratio was calculated to examine the judicious use of chemical fertilizers. Study findings reveal that though, green revolution moved out from the food crisis arisen in the early sixties in some extent, but it also brought regional disparities in the resources use, productivity and cropping pattern. Promotional price policy for some cash crops leads to scarcity in others. Change in an environmental factors, along with economic and technological factors are increasing degree of the vulnerability in farm profits in particular and the livelihood of farmers in general. The present study suggested following policy implications. First, there is need of ultramodern technology that provides up-to-date weather information. Second, government should promote home-made bio-fertilizers and organic farm practices. Third, an intensive survey should be carrying out to understand the farm requirement of marginal farmers and based on the feedback mechanism, technology would be develop. Fourth, private investors should be invited to develop a food chain mechanism to procure the food items at the time of harvesting and release in the off-cropping season for price stability. Lastly, India needs land reforms, in which, land consolidation and identification of real farmers should be given first priority.