Early Screening Of Cervical Cancer Research Articles

Epigenetic regulation of double c2 like domain beta (Doc2b) in cervical cancer.

Associations of genetic changes and aneuploidy with tumor growth are traditionally attributed to alterations in DNA sequence manifested as mutations, deletions and amplifications. Inactive tumor suppressor genes could serve as drivers of tumor progression due to not only altered or lack of protein function but may also contribute to phenotypic changes that may provide distinct growth advantage in a hostile environment in the host. Human variation is also due to epigenetic alterations and heritable change that leads to altered gene expression; the functional consequence of which may contribute to definitive trait. A number of key regulatory genes associated with epigenetic silencing due to DNA methylation in cervical cancer have been reported. Elucidation of differentially methylated genes may identify new targets and further strengthen our understanding of molecular mechanism governing pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Thus, to identify DNA methylation regulated genes in cervical cancer, we have employed DMH based microarray experiments in pre-malignant and malignant cervical sample. Microarray data analysis and validation using bisulfite genomic sequencing lead to the identification of several CpG island as altered during cervical carcinogenesis and showed the potential for early screening of cervical cancer. One of the candidate gene identified was Double C2 like Domain beta (DOC2B), a key calcium regulator protein whose alteration has never been linked to cancer. We provide evidence that DOC2B is depressed in cervical cancer due to promoter hypermethylation and act as a novel tumor suppressor gene by regulating multiple pathways in cervical cancer.

Should high‐risk adolescents have Papanicolaou tests?

The current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines state that cervical cancer screening should begin at age 21 years, regardless of sexual or obstetric history. However, previous studies have demonstrated that there is a small but significant subset of high-risk adolescents with extensive sexual and obstetric history who harbor a significant squamous cervical lesion. The objective of the current study was to use histologic and demographic data from adolescents (aged <21 years) who received Papanicolaou (Pap) tests to determine whether they benefited from early cervical cancer screening. Adolescent girls who had Pap tests between 2000 and 2010 were included in the study. Demographic data, including obstetric history, number of sexual partners, age of first coitus, age at first pregnancy, menarche, smoking history, and Chlamydia and syphilis infection, were analyzed for associations with levels of cervical dysplasia. Of 56,785 adolescent Pap tests, 277 (0.5%) were diagnosed as high-grade squamous HSIL, and 56 of those Pap tests (20%) were from patients who had grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN-3) on subsequent biopsy and/or excision. One patient had microinvasive cervical carcinoma identified on loop electrosurgical excision procedure at age 27 years after an HSIL Pap test. Increased parity was associated significantly with higher rates of CIN-3. The study findings indicated that current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines to begin Pap testing at age 21 years are appropriate for the majority of adolescents, because the rate of HSIL is very low, and the risk for invasive carcinoma is minimal. Although higher parity was associated with a significantly increased grade of CIN, the conclusions are questionable because of the significant amount of missing demographic data points. That being said, this study should lead to other similar studies to determine any association of higher grade CIN with adolescent sexual and obstetric history.

Value of visual inspection (assisted with iodine and acetic acid test) combined with colposcope examination diagnose in the early screening of cervical cancer

Objective To evaluate value of visual inspection (assisted with iodine and acetic acid test) combined with colposcope examination diagnose in the early screening of cervical cancer. Methods Form June 2009 to Octoher 2009, there were 2107 women accepting the early screening of the cervical cancer by visual inspection (assisted with iodine and acetic acid test) combined with colposcope examination in our hospital.Not normal in 97 women were performed colposcope examination , biopsies were perfomed on 60 women.Pathologic examination of biopsy under colposeopy was assumed as gold standard.Results The pathologic examination shown that 37(61.67%) with acute or chromic infections, 16(26.67%) with cervical intraepithelial neopasia(CIN), of with 10(16.67%)cases of CIN Ⅰ, 2(3.33%)of CIN Ⅱ , 4(6.67%)of CIN Ⅲ, 1(1.67%) case with cervical squamous intraspithelial cancer, 6(10%) with HPV infections.The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negation predictive value of solposcopy in evaluation of CIN Ⅱ -CIN Ⅲ and cervical cancer were 57.14%, 88. 68%, 40.00% 、 94.00%. Conlusions The occurrence of CIN and the early stage uterus neck cancar is increasing recently and visual inspection (assisted with iodine and acetic acid test) combined with biopsy under colposcopy are recommended to be as routine screening to the dentify precancerous lesions.It has important value to the control uterus neck cancer in depressed rural areas. Key words: Cervical cancer; Colposcope examination; Visual inspection; Screening