Early Potato Varieties Research Articles

The Impact of Cultivation Management and Weed Control Systems of Very Early Potato on Weed Infestation, Biodiversity, and Health Safety of Tubers.

The aim of the research was to determine the impact of potato cultivation management and weeding systems on weed infestation and to evaluate the possibility of using biomarkers to assess consumer exposure to herbicide residues in potato tubers. The experiment was carried out in 2016–2018 in Central-Eastern Poland. The subject of research was the very early variety Lord. The experiment was established using the randomized block method in a split-plot design. The first order factor was cultivation management: (A) traditional and (B) under polyethylene sheeting (PE-sheeting) put “on flat”. The second-order factors were weed control systems: (a) mechanical (b) to (d)-chemical. The study determined the degree of damage to crops and weeds, fresh and dry weight of weeds, their number and floristic composition, and herbicide residues in tubers and in the soil. The fresh and dry mass of weeds was most effectively limited by mechanical and chemical treatment with the use of a preparation containing linuron. Managing potato cultivation with PE-sheeting and soil herbicides has proven to be safe for very early potato production. Used for pre-emergence care, the preparation containing linuron did not leave even trace amounts of this active substance in the tubers. The determined amount of the active substance fluorochloridon and clomazone was lower than the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) norm in the EU (European Union). As a result, the adopted, innovative management and weeding control systems in the cultivation of early potato varieties can be considered safe for the consumer.

The results of ecological testing of early and mid-season potato varieties in the Komi Republic

Search and introduction of new potato varieties that can be recommended for cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic are especially important against the background of the average yield in the region of 12.1 t/ha, that is 6.7 t/ha lower than the average in Russia. In 2019-2020 on the basis of the A. V. Zhuravsky Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, there were tested potato varieties of the early maturing group – Armada, Meteor, Gulliver, Taifun and Krepysh (standard) and the mid-season group – Varyag, Vympel, Krasa Meshchery, Kumach, Fritella, Vychegodskii and Zyryanets (standard). From the early maturing group, the varieties Armada and Gulliver have been selected as giving a consistently high yield, which exceeded the standard by 6.8-7.1 t/ha on average for two years. Among mid-season varieties no one reliably exceeded the standard variety Zyryanets in terms of yield productivity. The highest yield and marketability was noted for the Fritella variety – 30.5 t/ha and 97 %. All the varieties under study, except for Vychegodskii, showed an average resistance of the tops to late blight damage. Moderate early blight damage of the tops (up to 20 % of the leaf surface) was noted in three varieties – Meteor, Taifun and Vychegodski. The following varieties showed high resistance to common scab - Vympel (no damage), Zyryanets (few lesions) and Gulliver (up to 10 % of tuber surface damage). In all studied varieties the potato tubers were not affected by late blight during both years of research. For cultivation, the agricultural producers of the Komi Republic should use the varieties Armada (29.7 t/ha), Gulliver (28.1 t/ha), Vympel (29.2 t/ha), Fritella (30.5 t/ha), which have good resistance to phytopathogens and high quality of tubers.

The Application of Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network Models for Yield Prediction of Very Early Potato Cultivars before Harvest

Yield forecasting is a rational and scientific way of predicting future occurrences in agriculture—the level of production effects. Its main purpose is reducing the risk in the decision-making process affecting the yield in terms of quantity and quality. The aim of the following study was to generate a linear and non-linear model to forecast the tuber yield of three very early potato cultivars: Arielle, Riviera, and Viviana. In order to achieve the set goal of the study, data from the period 2010–2017 were collected, coming from official varietal experiments carried out in northern and northwestern Poland. The linear model has been created based on multiple linear regression analysis (MLR), while the non-linear model has been built using artificial neural networks (ANN). The created models can predict the yield of very early potato varieties on 20th June. Agronomic, phytophenological, and meteorological data were used to prepare the models, and the correctness of their operation was verified on the basis of separate sets of data not participating in the construction of the models. For the proper validation of the model, six forecast error metrics were used: i.e., global relative approximation error (RAE), root mean square error (RMS), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). As a result of the conducted analyses, the forecast error results for most models did not exceed 15% of MAPE. The predictive neural model NY1 was characterized by better values of quality measures and ex post forecast errors than the regression model RY1.

Assessment of mineral nitrogen fertilization of early potato varieties in integrated production

Assessment of mineral nitrogen fertilization of early potato varieties in integrated production

Promising early potato varieties for the conditions of the Baikal region

The Irkutsk region belongs to the zone of risky agriculture, therefore, there is a need to search for early potato varieties that can be suitable for the region. According to the results of the research, the value of the potato yield in the Irkutsk region is influenced by genotypic peculiarities of the variety and weather conditions, in which plants grow. Based on complex indicators of plant growth and development, the varieties identified with high stable yields were Lazurit, Madeline, Red Scarlet, Krasnoye Leto, Zhukovsky Ranniy and Agata, Rosara. In the breeding work to create new potato varieties, we recommend that the parent forms include the varieties distinguished for their environmental plasticity and stability, yield, quality of tubers and their resistance to golden nematode of potato. We recommend that the variety ‘Lazurit’ should be included in the state variety testing in the Irkutsk region and production test for this variety be organized at farms of the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region.

Economic and energy efficiency of potato cultivation in different feeding areas and the use of fungicides in the Middle Urals

Abstract. The main factor in increasing the productivity of potatoes is the improvement of its cultivation technology. The purpose of the research was to determine the economic and energy efficiency of cultivating potato of the Gala variety under different feeding areas and the use of fungicides. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the educational and experimental farm of the Ural State Agrarian University during 2016–2018, in a two-factor field experiment according to the following scheme: Factor A (feeding area): 1400, 1750, 2100, 2450, 2800 cm2; Factor B (use of fungicides): “Shirlan”: 1400, 1750, 2100, 2450, 2800 cm2; “Infinito”: 1400, 1750, 2100, 2450, 2800 cm2. The objects of research in the experiment were medium early potato variety Gala and fungicides such as contact action “Shirlan” (0.3 l/ha) and “Infinito”systemic action (1.2 l/ha). The results showed that when using the fungicide “Shirlan” (factor B), the best in the experiments was the variant with a feeding area of 2450 cm2 (70 × 35 cm), where the highest yield of 36.6 t/ha was obtained, with a low cost price – 4446 rubles/ton, high profit – 269 172 rubles/ha and profitability – 165.43 %. In experiments on all variants, the energy efficiency coefficient did not reach 1.27. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the influence of the feeding area (factor A) and the use of fungicides (factor B) on the yield, economic and energy efficiency of potato cultivation in the Middle Urals was studied.

Assessment of the ecological plasticity of early and medium-early potato varieties in the Kamchatka Krai

Assessment of the ecological plasticity of early and medium-early potato varieties in the Kamchatka Krai

The biological preparations efficiency research for potato alternaria blight decrease in terms of Western Foreststeppe of Ukraine

Goal. was to research biological preparations efficiency usage in alternaria blight harmfulness decrease and to develop effective cultivar protection system.
 Methods. Field and laboratory — vegetative researches. Tubers were treated by allowed biological preparations as Lists of pesticides: Planrise (Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain AR-33), Phytodoctor (Bacillus subtilis); MicoHelp (Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter, Enterobacter, Enterococcus) for disease developing decrease. The present preparations were used for spraying in future. The treating during the growing period favoured the plant organism resistance to stress conditions of environment. The first plant treating was conducted at the blossoming beginning before alternaria blight appearing on plant’s leaves plants. The second spraying was conducted during the first spots appearing on the plates of early potato varieties.
 Results. The researches results biological preparations: Planrise, Phytodoctor, MicoHelp treating potato defeated plants by alternaria blight were proposed. The biological preparations relative high efficiency was determined.
 Conclusions. The researched preparations technical efficiency was also depended upon the conducting testing variety. The biological preparation MicoHelp (variety Serpanok) showed the highest technical efficiency (46.2%) during the plant treating against potato alternaria blight. The preparation MicoHelp (variety Svitanok Kyivskyi) showed the highest efficiency during the potato treating in vegetation period. So the biological control protection means usage in the modern potato varieties allows to decrease negative impact of used preparations and put into production effective and ecologically — friendly means for alternaria blight limit in terms of Western Foreststeppe of Ukraine.

Correction:Influence of variation in the volumetric moisture content of the substrate on irrigation efficiency in early potato varieties.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231831.].

Influence of variation in the volumetric moisture content of the substrate on irrigation efficiency in early potato varieties.

Potato is a plant with high water requirements. This factor affects not only the weight of potato tubers but also their quality parameters. In order to achieve quantity and quality goal, it is helpful if we apply the principles of precision agriculture, which also contributes to sustainable management of environmental resources. Accurate identification of the water requirements of crops is the basis for determining optimal irrigation doses and dates. After their application, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of irrigation treatments and their impact on the air-water conditions in soil with a root system. The aim of the presented study was to analyse the influence of volumetric soil moisture diversity on the vegetation of early potato varieties. Two potato varieties were subject to investigation: Denar and Julinka. Pot experiments were carried out at the Department of Horticulture of Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Three variants were analysed: one with a low water content in the soil (pF 2.7), one with the optimal water content (pF 2.5) and one with a high water content (pF 2.2). The basis for the selection of the frequency and application rate of water doses was soil moisture measured with an SM150-Kit set. Volumetric moisture was measured with a TDR apparatus. It was found that the water requirements of both potato varieties differ and increase along with the development of the aboveground and underground parts. Moreover, it was shown that the irrigation requirements of cv. Julinka are higher than those of Denar (31.4-33.0% higher), depending on the adopted variant. The research also showed that the most effective method of potato cultivation is to maintain soil moisture at a lower level. This should be taken into account in regions where the cultivation of this species uses supplementation of the water requirements by irrigation.

УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ПРИ ВРЕМЕННОМ УКРЫВАНИИ ПОСАДОК КАРТОФЕЛЯ РАННЕГО В УСЛОВИЯХ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

In the Moscoww region, frosts are quite probable to return until the fi rst decade of June. To protect potatoes from the returning cold weather, it is possible to use a temporary covering material in the “planting – seedling emergence” period. The authors have studied the use of covering materials on early potato varieties of Udacha, Zhukovsky early, Red Scarlet, Snegir’, and Meteor. Studies have been conducted on the test plot of the Vegetable Growing Department of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2017-2019. Non-woven white and black material of the same density of 17 g/m2 was used for covering. No covering was used in the check variant. The cultivation technology was standard,it included tillage (plowing, spring tillage, and cutting ridges before planting), as well as plant care (inter-row cultivation and hilling-up). Planting was carried out with a single-row potato planter. The earliest emergence of seedlings was observed under white covering material with a diff erence of 5-6 days in relation to the check variant. In the variant with a black covering material, the diff erence averaged 3-4 days. Due to covering, planting was carried out earlier than expected and the crop was formed by July 15. The interphase period between potato planting and seddling emergence decreased, while that from seddling emergence to harvesting increased, consequently, the yield increased by 11.6…14.7%. The maximum yield was obtained with the Red Scarlet variety using the white covering material, the minimum – in the check variant without covering. The same trend is typical for other varieties. It has been established that covering with any material has a positive eff ect on the duration of the potato growing season and the yield by increasing the period of tuberization. Covering allows getting early potato varieties 2 weeks earlier in the Moscow region.

The Effect of Potato Varieties and Processing Methods on Glycemic Response

In order to identify those potatoes which exert a low glycemic impact after processing, eight early potato varieties and four processing methods were evaluated for their total starch content, amylose content, rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS), estimated glycemic index (eGI), glycemic load (eGL) as well as their relationship among each other. While all these profiles were highly dependent on the potato variety and processing methods, all the eight varieties were classified as low GL foods (p ≤ 0.05). A strong positive correlation was observed between eGI and RDS (r = 0.84, 0.79, and 0.74) for retrograded and reheated, baked and microwaved varieties, respectively), whereas a moderate negative correlation was observed between eGI and RS for retrograded and reheated (r = -0.39) and microwaved (-0.37) varieties (p ≤ 0.05). On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that potato variety, processing methods, and starch characteristics define the eGI and eGL. Furthermore, for the varieties examined, the present study identified RDS as a major starch factor contributing to eGI.

Agrotechnical passport of Bashkirski variety

The article presents experimental data on complexes of economically valuable traits of early potato variety Bashkirski. A positive reaction was found for early planting (up to 2.0 t / ha or 6.1%), germination of seed tubers (4.1 t / ha or 12.2%) and negative - for thickening of plantings (unprofitable). Early planting of germinated tubers provided a yield increase of 5.9 t / ha or 18.1%, conditional income - 72.8 thousand rub. / ha.

СОЗДАНИЕ СКОРОСПЕЛЫХ СОРТОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ДЛЯ УСЛОВИЙ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДА РФ - ПРИОРИТЕТНАЯ ЗАДАЧА СЕЛЕКЦИИ

СОЗДАНИЕ СКОРОСПЕЛЫХ СОРТОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ДЛЯ УСЛОВИЙ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДА РФ - ПРИОРИТЕТНАЯ ЗАДАЧА СЕЛЕКЦИИ

Формирование урожая раннеспелого сорта картофеля при использовании стимуляторов роста

Формирование урожая раннеспелого сорта картофеля при использовании стимуляторов роста

BREEDING ASPECTS OF POTATO IN LITHUANIA

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeding and seed production in Lithuania is performed at Voke Branch of Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture. It was started in 1958. The main potato breeding object is to produce very early potato cultivars resistant to the nematodes and to the main potato diseases. As the result of breeding work eleven cultivars were produced: 'Meta', 'Vilnia', 'VB Aista', 'Nida', 'Mirta', 'Goda', 'VB Venta', 'Voke', 'VB Liepa', 'Vaiva' and 'VB Rasa'. The aim of the present work was to ascertain the resistance of Lithuanian potato varieties to the agent of potato blight Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. The results have shown that potato varieties of different maturation time are unequally infected with potato blight. The disease spreading was more intense in early potato varieties, while in maincrop varieties the disease spreading was less intense. Other advantages - good yield, suitability for processing industry, excellent cookery qualities, good taste or attractive shape - were also the main items in producing of Lithuanian potato cultivars.

Adaptive capacity and potential properties of varieties bred at the Potato Research Institute of NAAS

Purpose. To establish adaptive capacity and reproduction time of the registered potato varieties elite bred at the Potato Research Institute of NAAS of Ukraine in various edaphic and climatic zones of Ukraine. Methods. Field and laboratory tests, statistical evaluation. Results. Potato varieties were tested in the Forest-Seppe, Polissia and Steppe zones of Ukraine. Over the years of testing (2012–2014), the highest yield of potatoes in the south-western part of the Forest-Steppe zone was produced by the early varieties: ‘Kimmeria’ – 46.9 t/ha, ‘Vedruska’ – 38.6 t/ha; middle-early varieties: ‘Partner’ – 33.2 t/ha, ‘Fantazia – 27.7 t/ha; mid-season varie­ties: ‘Okolytsia’ – 35.4 t/ha, ‘Mandrivnytsia’ – 25.1 t/ha. In the Central Polissia, ‘Kimmeria’ (31 t/ha) was the most productive early variety, the yield at the level of 27.6–29.2 t/ha was formed by such varieties as ‘Skarbnytsia’, ‘Serpanok’, ‘Radynka’, ‘Tyras’. Among the middle-early varieties, the yield of 33.1 t/ha was obtained from the variety ‘Partner’. In the conditions of Steppe zone, such early potato varieties as ‘Vymir’, ‘Glazurna’, ‘Strumok’, ‘Kimmeria’, ‘Svitoch’ and the middle-early variety ‘Ariya’ had the highest productivity in case of gro­wing as bivoltine crop under irrigated conditions. It was found that in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones such varieties as ‘Kimmeria’, ‘Vedruska, ‘Serpanok’, ‘Skarbnytsia, ‘Tyras’, ‘Radynka’, ‘Partner’, ‘Slovianka’, ‘Vernisazh’, ‘Mandrivnytsia’, ‘Poliske dzherelo’ and ‘Chervona ruta’ were characterized by high resistance to degeneration (viral diseases and loss of productivity of potato elite in the process of reproduction). According to the results of evaluation of the impact of elite potato reproduction time on affection by viral diseases, optimal time for elite renovation for investigated varieties was determined. Conclusions. In the process of testing in various edaphic and climatic zones of Ukraine, stable yield with a high seed tubers number, regardless of weather conditions during the growing season in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones, was formed by some early potato varieties (‘Kimmeria’, ‘Vedruska’, ‘Radynka) and middle-early one (‘Partner’). Among mid-season varieties ‘Vernisazh’, ‘Okolytsia’, ‘Mandrivnytsia’ were identified for high productivity, and among middle-late – ‘Poliske dzherelo’ and ‘Chervona ruta’. The most common viral diseases of potatoes were rugose mosaic and mosaic leaf curling. High efficiency of the use of bivoltine crop method for potato growing to obtain seed material in the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine has been proved.

Evaluation of nutritional profiles of starch and dry matter from early potato varieties and its estimated glycemic impact

To identify healthier potatoes with respect to starch profiles, fourteen early varieties were evaluated for their dietary fiber, total starch, rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS), and resistant (RS) starch for nutrition and with regard to estimated glycemic index (eGI) and glycemic load (eGL). While all these profiles were highly dependent on the potato variety, eleven out of fourteen varieties were classified as low GL foods (p<0.05). A strong positive correlation was observed with eGI and RDS (r=0.975–1.00, 0.96–1.00 and 0.962–0.997 for uncooked, cooked and retrograded varieties, respectively), whereas a strong negative correlation was observed between eGI and RS (r=−0.985 to −0.998, −0.96 to −1.00 and −0.983 to −0.999 for uncooked, cooked and retrograded varieties respectively, p<0.05). For the cultivars examined, the present study identified RDS and RS as major starch factors contributing to eGI.

Protein and Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of 14 Early Maturing Potatoes as Affected by Processing

The effects of processing and genotype (fourteen early potato varieties) were evaluated for their phytochemicals, total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), total anthocyanins (TAC), antioxidant activities measured by ORAC, FRAP and DPPH assays and protein content. While all these profiles were highly dependent on the potato variety and processing, F09085, F10090, French Fingerlings, Purple Fiesta, Red Thumb, Ciklamen and Norland were identified as nutritionally rich in phytochemicals such as TPC, TFC, TAC, higher antioxidant capacities and protein (p p 2, 0.63, 0.83, 0.88, 0.87, 0.69 for uncooked, 0.48, 0.84, 0.76, 0.89, 0.79 cooked and 0.40, 0.87, 0.88, 0.60, 0.68 retrograded samples, respectively, p < 0.0001).

The Behavior of Potato Mid-Early Varietis Concerning Production when Treatments with Unconventional Products Are Performed (2013-2014)

The potato is a plant which has great importance for human nutrition, animal feed and industrial processing. Mid early potato varieties studied (Amelia, Robusta, Christian, Dacia, Impala and Roclas) reacted differently to the application of treatments wuth conventional and unconventional products. As is clear from the data obtained, the application of both conventional and unconventional treatments, the varieties taken into study, reacted differently to the application of the same treatments.We conclude that this is due to the effects of remineralization, rebalancing and regenerating of the metabolic processes of plants, nutrient content of main products, secondary products and trace elements acting on the plant cells, even in relatively unfavorable climatic conditions for potato culture.