The two main mafic-ultramafic complexes outcropping in the Polish Sudetes around the Sowie Góry high-grade massif (Mt. Sleza and Nowa Ruda) have been studied for trace elements and NdSr isotopes. Upper Paleozoic SmNd whole-rock isochron ages are obtained for both massifs: 353 ± 21 Ma (2σ) with ϵ i = + 8.8 ± 0.1 (Mt. Sleza) and 351 ± 16 Ma with ϵ i = 8.5 ± 0.1 (Nowa Ruda). The high initial ϵ Nd point to a source characterized by a strong time-integrated LREE depletion and, along with incompatible trace-element patterns, they substantiate the oceanic derivation of these massifs. Although a subduction-related marginal basin setting cannot be totally precluded, trace-element and isotopic data rather suggest a normal mid-ocean ridge origin for the Sudetic ophiolites. While these results are in marked contrast with previously inferred Precambrian or early Paleozoic ages, remnants of oceanic crust as young as the Early Carboniferous are consistent with the local sedimentary record of pelagic facies from the Frasnian to the Tournaisian, and they may provide a suitable explanation for the contrasted evolution displayed by different domains of the Sudetes. The Sudetic ophiolites might tentatively be correlated with the upper Paleozoic “prasinites” of the Saxon Lineament if a Late Hercynian ca. 150 km dextral offset is assumed along the Elbe Fracture. In that case, they might represent the latest-stage remnants of an oceanic suture zone between the Saxo-Thuringian and Moldanubian zones. Together with several other examples throughout Europe, these ophiolites provide compelling evidence for the involvement of oceanic crust and plate-tectonic processes in the Variscan belt.