Early Morning Hours Research Articles

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection in different matrices under typical storage conditions in the UK.

In the UK, approximately 40 per cent of the pig breeding herds are outdoors. To monitor their porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status, blood is collected commonly from piglets around weaning. Sample collection in British outdoor pigs often occurs during the early morning hours when the piglets tend to accumulate inside sheltered areas. For practical reasons, dry cotton swabs are occasionally used for blood collection and stored at room temperature until arrival in the laboratory. Detection of PRRSV RNA is a function of viral concentration, sample type and storage condition. To evaluate a possible impact of the sampling protocol on PRRSV1 detection, experimentally spiked blood samples using three dilutions of a representative PRRSV1 strain were prepared. In addition, blood samples from pigs naturally infected with PRRSV were obtained from a PRRSV-positive British herd. Spiked blood and blood from infected pigs were used to obtain sera, dry or wet (immersed in saline) polyester or cotton swabs and FTA cards. The different samples were stored for 24 hours, 48 hours or 7 days at 4°C or 20°C and tested by a real-time reverse transcriptase PRRSV PCR assay. Under the study conditions, the best matrix was serum (96.7 per cent), followed by wet swabs (78 per cent), dry swabs (61.3 per cent) and FTA cards (51 per cent). Polyester swabs (76 per cent) showed a better performance than cotton swabs (63.3 per cent). The reduction in sensitivity obtained for swabs and FTA cards was particularly high at low viral concentrations. The results indicate that wet polyester swabs should be used whenever possible.

CSB to investigate Philadelphia refinery fire

A four-person team of the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) is investigating an explosion and fire at Philadelphia Energy Solutions (PES), a refining complex in southwest Philadelphia. The accident occurred during the early-morning hours of June 21 and injured four workers. It started in the alkylation unit where hydrofluoric acid (HF) is used to raise the octane of gasoline produced by the refinery, the company says. HF is used in about one-third of the 150 US refineries. Fears of release of HF in a dense, lethal, acidic cloud have led people living near such facilities and members of Congress to call for better controls or substitution. PES reports no HF release from the incident. The US Environmental Protection Agency’s most recent analysis of HF use and risk management provisions was in 1993. Earlier this year, the CSB called on the EPA to review that work to determine

Pilot Underground Greenhouse as an alternative against frequent and intense frosts that occur in the Hidalguense Highlands

The prevailing weather conditions in the Valles Altos of the Mexican state of Hidalgo enhance high frequency of frosts that usually last from September to April, causing serious damage and constraints on agricultural cycles, both open sky and protected agriculture. In this paper, the results of observations of the behavior of temperatures during night and early morning hours of an underground greenhouse built on the campus of the Polytechnic University of Pachuca are reported. These data allow for an innovative approach to the production of horticultural, ornamental and medicinal plants during the period of frost. After four years of continuous experimentation, there have been cultivated horticultural, ornamental and medicinal plants, during all months of the year, even when they came to present -10 degrees Celsius or lower coolings. As observed, one can conclude that the results have been satisfactory to the experimental design and, therefore, may try to build greenhouses of 2000 square meters with trade capacity throughout the year with some adaptations derived from a larger area.

Fish movements and schooling behavior across the tidal channel in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon: An automated approach using acoustic imaging

A method for fish monitoring by high-frequency acoustic camera, coupled with an automated method for counting fish, was implemented that allowed to analyze very large amounts of data with reduced costs. The acoustic camera was mounted in the tidal channel of the Caprolace lagoon (central Italy) and programmed for 12 h. continuous recording at night time, between October 2016 and February 2017, for a total of 413 h, that were automatically processed by a specific software routine. A total of 266,717 fishes passed across the acoustic cone of the camera, and two typologies of schooling events were documented, based on fish numbers making up the groups. Large (n° ≥ 10 fish) school events (n = 884) maximum density occurred in early morning hours, in coincidence with low tide; on the other hand, small (n° ≥ 5 and < 10 fish) schools were more numerous (n = 5,394), and did not show a clear distribution pattern related to night hour and tidal phase. The individual acoustic area was different in the two schooling typologies, average single fish size being significantly higher in large schools. Acoustic images recording effectiveness was tested by evaluating fish movements dynamics between a Mediterranean coastal lagoon and the adjacent sea. The method proved to be an efficient, versatile and portable system for fish monitoring in coastal lagoons and in general in transitional environments, and it allowed to describe schooling behavior and abundance of marine migratory fish during the winter migration season.

Simulations of black carbon over the Indian region: improvements and implications of diurnality in emissions

Abstract. With a view to improving the performance of WRF-Chem over the Indian region in simulating BC (black carbon) mass concentrations as well as its short-term variations, especially on a diurnal scale, a region-specific diurnal variation scheme has been introduced in the model emissions and the performance of the modified simulations has been evaluated against high-resolution measurements carried out over eight ARFI (Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India) network observatories spread across India for distinct seasons: pre-monsoon (represented by May), post-monsoon (represented by October) and winter (represented by December). In addition to an overall improvement in the simulated concentrations and their temporal variations, we have also found that the effects of prescribing diurnally varying emissions on the simulated near-surface concentrations largely depend on the boundary layer turbulence. The effects are perceived quickly (within about 2–3 h) during the evening–early morning hours when the atmospheric boundary layer is shallow and convective mixing is weak, while they are delayed, taking as much as about 5–6 h, during periods when the boundary layer is deep and convective mixing is strong. This information would also serve as an important input for agencies concerned with urban planning and pollution mitigation. Despite these improvements in the near-surface concentrations, the simulated columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD) still remains largely underestimated vis-à-vis the satellite-retrieved products. These modifications will serve as a guideline for further model-improvement initiatives at a regional scale.

Oral health in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: before and after chemotherapy treatment.

Toevaluatechanges in the oral health status ofchildrenunder the age of 14years with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) attending a cancer centre before and after chemotherapy treatment. A total of 32 children with ALL without distinction of gender were selected for study. The oral cavity of the patients was evaluated before the induction stage and 17days later. Clinical evaluation of the submandibular, submental, and cervical lymph nodes was performed. Saliva samples were collected during the early morning hours. Bacterial plaque was assessed by using the Silness and Löe plaque index (SLPI) and gingiva status was evaluated with the gingival Löe and Silness index (GLSI). The WHO toxicity oral scale was used to record the degree of oral mucositis. The resulting data were analysed with McNemar's test, t test (for related samples), and Wilcoxon test. There were statistically significant differences for palpable lymph nodes, paleness of oral mucosa, and ecchymoseis, respectively, P ≤ 0.000, P = 0.03, and P = 0.01, with thesemanifestationsdecreasing significantly after treatment. Incipientgingivitis had frequencies of 71.9% and 75% before and after treatment, respectively. The mean SLPI score declined significantly from 1.16 ± 0.52 (before treatment) to0.56 ± 0.36 (after treatment) (P < 0.000); salivary flowincreasedsignificantly from0.54 ± 0.34to 1.22 ± 1.07 after chemotherapy treatment (P < 0.00). Oral mucositiswas present in24 children (75%)witha 1-2 severitylevel. After chemotherapy treatment, there were changes in the oral conditions of children with ALL. Some manifestations decreased after treatment, whereas inothers increased.

Sciurus niger niger (Southern Fox Squirrel) Density and the Diurnal Patterns, Occupancy, and Detection of Sympatric Southern Fox Squirrels and S. carolinensis (Eastern Gray Squirrel) on Spring Island, South Carolina

Sciurus niger niger (Southern Fox Squirrel, hereafter, SFS) are habitat specialists within the Pinus palustris (Longleaf Pine) ecosystem of the southeastern US whose populations are declining due to habitat loss and fragmentation. Sciurus carolinensis (Eastern Gray Squirrel, hereafter, EGS) are generalists found throughout the eastern US that have historically avoided competition with SFSs through habitat-partitioning. Spring Island, SC, once reported the densest population of SFSs in the southeast, but residents of the island community recently reported decreasing SFS populations and increasing EGS populations. We used baited game-cameras at stratified random points to estimate SFS density, observe patterns of SFS and EGS diurnal activity, and examine the influence of habitat structure and management techniques (e.g., prescribed fire) on SFS and EGS occurrence on Spring Island. Our estimate of SFS density on Spring Island (0.28–0.97 SFSs/ha) was similar to the high density previously reported (0.758 SFSs/ha). SFSs and EGSs had similar diurnal patterns, but SFSs were most active around midday while EGSs were most active in early morning and evening hours. EGS occupancy was negatively associated with fire frequency. EGS detection probability was negatively associated with maximum daily temperature. These data suggest that habitat management via prescribed fire has allowed stable populations of both SFSs and EGSs to persist despite anthropogenic land changes.

Uber and Lyft safety

In the early morning hours of March 29, 2019, a female student at the University of South Carolina called for an Uber to pick her up. This student waited for the Uber to arrive when a black vehicle pulled up. Thinking this was her Uber ride, the unsuspecting student entered the vehicle.

Nocturnal, seasonal and intra-annual variability of tropospheric aerosols observed using ground-based and space-borne lidars over a tropical location of India

The nocturnal, seasonal and intra-annual variation of vertical distribution of tropospheric aerosols over two nearby stations Gadanki (13.5oN, 79.2oE) and Tirupati (13.6oN, 79.4oE) is investigated using ground-based Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) and space-borne Lidar (CALIPSO) systems during 2010–2017. The nocturnal variation of aerosol extinction (AE) coefficient reveal high AE below ∼2 km in midnight hours and aerosols are slowly descending towards the surface during early morning hours. From the seasonal variation, AE values are found to be higher at lower altitudes (<2 km) during winter and post-monsoon seasons, a sharp decrease with increasing altitude is found in tandem with boundary layer and low wind speeds. Interestingly, during monsoon season, significant aerosol loading is found in the altitude range of ∼2–5.5 km mainly due to the influence of strong Low Level Jet (LLJ). The clean environment observed below ∼2 km during this season is attributed to the wet scavenging, downward vertical winds and existance of no strong local source. The seasonal mean AE profile derived from CALIPSO matches well with the MPL in all the seasons except in monsoon season where a large bias is noticed below 2 km. The intra-annual variation revealed more than 80% of aerosols existing above (below) the boundary layer during monsoon (winter) months contribute to the total Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). The depolarization ratio (>0.2) in the month of July shows the dominance of dust particles which includes long-range transport over this locations. Back trajectories reveals that potential sources are changing from season to season at different altitudes and confirms that the aerosols observed at higher altitudes are advected from other land and oceanic regions. Thus, aerosol vertical distribution is mainly controlled by meteorology and dynamics over this region. Further, the reasonably good correlation found between MPL and MODIS AODs suggests that MODIS could provide reliable AOD over land region also.

Diurnal variation in mesophyll conductance and its influence on modelled water-use efficiency in a mature boreal Pinus sylvestris stand

Mesophyll conductance (gm) is a critical variable for the use of stable carbon isotopes to infer photosynthetic water-use efficiency (WUE). Although gm is similar in magnitude to stomatal conductance (gs), it has been measured less often, especially under field conditions and at high temporal resolution. We mounted an isotopic CO2 analyser on a field photosynthetic gas exchange system to make continuous online measurements of gas exchange and photosynthetic 13C discrimination (Δ13C) on mature Pinus sylvestris trees. This allowed the calculation of gm, gs, net photosynthesis (Anet), and WUE. These measurements highlighted the asynchronous diurnal behaviour of gm and gs. While gs declined from around 10:00, Anet declined first after 12:00, and gm remained near its maximum until 16:00. We suggest that high gm played a role in supporting an extended Anet peak despite stomatal closure. Comparing three models to estimate WUE from ∆13C, we found that a simple model, assuming constant net fractionation during carboxylation (27‰), predicted WUE well, but only for about 75% of the day. A more comprehensive model, accounting explicitly for gm and the effects of daytime respiration and photorespiration, gave reliable estimates of WUE, even in the early morning hours when WUE was more variable. Considering constant, finite gm or gm/gs yielded similar WUE estimates on the diurnal scale, while assuming infinite gm led to overestimation of WUE. These results highlight the potential of high-resolution gm measurements to improve modelling of Anet and WUE and demonstrate that such gm data can be acquired, even under field conditions.

Investigation of emission characteristics of NMVOCs over urban site of western India

This is the first study to characterize the variation and emission of C2-C5 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in a semi-urban site of western India based on measurements during February–December 2015. Anthropogenic NMVOCs show clear seasonal dependence with highest in winter and lowest in monsoon season. Biogenic NMVOCs likes isoprene show highest mixing ratios in the pre-monsoon season. The diurnal variation of NMVOC species can be described by elevated values from night till morning and lower values in the afternoon hours. The elevated levels of NMVOCs during night and early morning hours were caused mainly by weaker winds, temperature inversion and reduced chemical loss. The correlations between NMVOCs, CO and NOx indicate the dominant role of various local emission sources. Use and leakage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) contributed to the elevated levels of propane and butanes. Mixing ratios of ethylene, propylene, CO, NOx, etc. show predominant emissions from combustion of fuels in automobiles and industries. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source apportionments were performed for the seven major emission sectors (i.e. Vehicular exhaust, Mixed industrial emissions, Biomass/Fired brick kilns/Bio-fuel, Petrochem, LPG, Gas evaporation, Biogenic). Emissions from vehicle exhaust and industry-related sources contributed to about 19% and 40% of the NMVOCs, respectively. And the rest (41%) was attributed to the emissions from biogenic sources, LPG, gasoline evaporation and biomass burning. Diurnal and seasonal variations of NMVOCs were controlled by local emissions, meteorology, OH concentrations, long-range transport and planetary boundary layer height. This study provides a good reference for framing environmental policies to improve the air quality in western region of India.

Use of aerial thermography to reduce mortality of roe deer fawns before harvest.

In agricultural landscape, there are thousands of young wild animals killed every year. Their deaths are caused mostly by agricultural fieldworks during spring harvest. Among the affected animals there are also fawns of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), which react to danger by pressing themselves against the ground in order to be protected from predators. There were various methods tested in the past aimed at decreasing roe deer mortality caused by agriculture machinery with varied levels of success. This contribution presents technology that documents the possibility of searching for fawns with a thermal imaging device carried by an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The results are based on field research that estimated the ideal height of flight being ±40 meters above ground. If the climatic conditions are favourable, it is possible to monitor and mark fawn locations using GPS coordinates in an area of about 14 ha in 25 minutes, which is the average flight time of UAV on one battery charge. The thermo-camera is very reliable in finding fawns in early morning hours (4 to 6 a.m.) when there is the highest temperature contrast between the searched object and its surroundings. The main limiting factors are climatic conditions and the short time span in which the thermo-camera can be used. If the basic requirements are met, the rate of successful fawn detection can be even up to 100%. An undisputed advantage of this method is the possibility of involvement of local gamekeepers. Thus the agricultural fieldworks are not interrupted.

Observed relationship between the Turkana low-level jet and boreal summer convection

The Turkana low-level jet is a circulation feature over northern Kenya that is not spatially well-resolved in many observational datasets. Here, high-resolution TRMM, IMERG, and CMORPH precipitation estimates, along with the ERA5 and MERRA2 reanalyses are analyzed to better understand the controls on jet strength and the relationship between the jet and boreal summer rainfall variability in the jet exit region over South Sudan. The height of the South Sudan wet season, August, is analyzed for 2000–2017. Climatologically, rainfall peaks over the jet exit region during the early morning hours, coinciding with the jet maximum. The strong jet enhances low-level wind convergence and briefly shifts the low-level zonal moisture gradient westward. Over the western South Sudan, rainfall peaks in the late afternoon/evening in association with daytime heating. The correlation between the daily Turkana Jet strength and precipitation indicates a significant negative relationship over eastern South Sudan, and over the Ethiopian and East African Highlands. Composite analysis of strong and weak jet periods reveal that the atmospheric conditions associated with a strong jet include enhanced low-level ridging along the East African coast south of the equator resulting in a stronger height gradient in the Turkana Channel, as well drier conditions over the channel and adjacent highlands. These conditions support a stronger jet that is further enhanced by katabatic flow due to the stronger nighttime cooling over the highlands, as well as enhanced dry air advection over the jet exit region. Thus, while low-level convergence may increase, convection weakens over eastern South Sudan due to the reduced atmospheric moisture content and weaker instability. The opposite occurs for the weak jet case.

Inter-rater variability in motor function assessment in Parkinson's disease between experts in movement disorders and nurses specialising in PD management

Introduction and objectiveIn clinical practice, assessing patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, time-consuming task. Our purpose is to provide a rigorous and objective evaluation of how motor function in PD patients is assessed by neurologists specialising in movement disorders, on the one hand, and by nurses specialising in PD management, on the other. MethodsWe conducted an observational, cross-sectional, single-centre study of 50 patients with PD (52% men; mean age: 64.7±8.7 years) who were assessed between 5 January 2016 and 20 July 2016. A neurologist and a nurse evaluated motor function in the early morning hours using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) parts III and IV and Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) scale. Tests were administered in the same PD periods (in 48 patients during the “off” time and in 2 patients during the “on” time). Inter-rater variability was estimated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). ResultsForty-nine patients (98%) were classified in the same H&Y stage by both raters. Assessment times were similar for both raters. ICC for UPDRS-IV and UPDRS-III total scores were 0.955 (P<.0001) and 0.954 (P<.0001), respectively. The greatest variability was found for UPDRS-III item 29 (gait; ICC=0.746; P<.0001) and the lowest, for item 30 (postural stability; ICC=0.918; P<.0001). ConclusionsMotor function assessment of PD patients by a trained nurse is equivalent to that made by an expert neurologist and takes the same time to complete.

Neural correlates of dynamic changes in working memory performance during one night of sleep deprivation.

Total sleep deprivation (TSD) is common in modern society leading to deterioration of multiple aspects of cognition. Dynamic interaction effect of circadian rhythmicity and homeostatic sleep pressure on sustained attention have been intensively investigated, while how this effect was represented on performance and cerebral responses to working memory, another important element of many neurobehavioral tasks, was not well elucidated. Thirty-six healthy subjects with intermediate chronotype performed the Sternberg working-memory task (SWMT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging every 2 hr from 10:00 p.m. on the first day to 6:00 a.m. on the second day. Using data from three imaging sessions (10:00 p.m., 04:00 a.m., and 06:00 a.m.), we found that the slowest SWMT reaction time and weakest cerebral responses were not at the end of TSD (06:00 a.m.) but during the early morning (04:00 a.m.) hours of the TSD. In addition, during this worst period of TSD, reaction time for the SWMT were found to be negatively correlated with task-related activation in the angular gyrus and positively correlated with the degree of negative correlation between the control and default networks. Our results revealed a rebound of SWMT reaction time and cerebral responses after the mid-time point of regular biological sleep night and provided more evidence that different cognitive tasks are differentially affected by sleep loss and circadian rhythmicity.

New Insights into the Convective System Characteristics Over the Indian Summer Monsoon Region Using Space-Based Passive and Active Remote Sensing Techniques†

The characteristics of convective systems over the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) region derived by using a unique combination of four satellites METEOSAT, TRMM, COSMIC and CloudSat comprising of both active and passive remote sensing sensors are discussed for the first time. Six years of observations during ISM brought out the preferential geographical regions and time for formation of shallow, deep, and very deep convective systems. It has been observed that shallow, deep, and very deep convective clouds are abundant over ISM region and their distributions show a relatively high frequency of occurrence over the Head Bay of Bengal as compared to other regions. The mean vertical structure of clouds are also been studied using CloudSat observations over several latitudinal belts. The time of maximum occurrence of convective type cloud systems are also quantified using the present observations. The analysis suggests that the deep and very deep convective cloud systems peak during late afternoon hours over many parts of the Indian landmass with few exceptions such as over foothills of the Himalayas, where it peaks during the early morning hours. The three-dimensional structures of convective systems are also discussed. The significance of the present results lie in providing new insights into the characteristics of convective systems by investigating CAPE, clouds, and precipitation, which in turn play a vital role in understanding the internal dynamics of ISM.

Characteristics and sources of fine organic aerosol over a big semi-arid urban city of western India using HR-ToF-AMS

Highly time-resolved measurements of non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR-PM1) were performed using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) over a big urban city (Ahmedabad, 23.0°N, 72.6°E, 49 m amsl) of western India during the post-monsoon season. All the components of NR-PM1 [i.e., organic aerosol (OA)SO42−, NO3−, NH4+ and Cl−] showed a strong diurnal variation with the overall dominance of OA (58%) in NR-PM1, and the OA composition was found to be a mixture of fresh and aged species. O/C varied from 0.04 to 0.91 whereas, H/C varied from 1.34 to 2.26. A strong diurnal variation in O/C caused a large variability in OM/OC ratio (ranging from 1.2 to 2.3) during the study period, which suggests that a constant conversion factor for OM estimation (from OC) can be a source of large uncertainty in their load assessment over the study region. Furthermore, the observed slope (−0.78 ± 0.01) of Van Krevelen (VK) diagram suggests that plausible major functional groups of ambient oxidized OA could be the mixture of alcohols and carboxylic groups. Further, a drastic change in NR-PM1 concentrations and composition was observed during Diwali, a festival when huge amount of firecrackers are burnt across India. Three distinct sources of OA [i.e., primary OA (POA), semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), and low volatility OOA (LV-OOA)] were identified via positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. The OA mass was dominated by POA (42%), followed by LV-OOA (33%) and SV-OOA (25%). Diurnal variations in PMF factors suggest that OOA (SV-OOA + LV-OOA) were high during early morning and afternoon hours; whereas, POA was most abundant during traffic rush hours. Observations also revealed that the high OA loading events were dominated by POA during the study period. This study provides new insights on the atmospheric aging of OA, for the first time, over western India, which would be helpful in understanding the formation mechanism of secondary OA over this region.

Influence of Time of Mission on Correct Diagnosis by the Prehospital Emergency Physician: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives The objective of this retrospective study was to examine the diagnostic matching (DM) between the prehospital diagnosis by the prehospital emergency physicians and the hospital discharge diagnosis, adjusted for time of mission. Methods Over a period of 12 months, all patient care reports of the emergency medical services in Bad Belzig were examined. By systematically comparing the prehospital suspected diagnosis to the discharge diagnosis, the DM was determined after careful examination of the entire course of each patient's case, blinded to time of mission. The results were tested for statistically significant results using the Chi-square test for nominal data and the Mann-Whitney U test for nonnormally distributed independent samples. Results The DM occurred in 52%, it occurred partially in 24%, and it did not occur in 24% of 580 included cases. The DM showed clear fluctuation over 24 hours, with the worst results at 4 and 5 a.m. and the best results at 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. Conclusions The DM appears to depend directly on the time of mission. Decreased performance and concentration at night might be a cause for incorrect diagnoses by prehospital emergency physician in the early morning hours. Future studies need to investigate the effect of different shift planning on performance.

Matthias Wagner

Angewandte Chemie International EditionVolume 58, Issue 33 p. 11150-11150 Author ProfileFree Access Matthias Wagner First published: 12 March 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201902151AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Graphical Abstract “The most important thing I learned from my parents is to pick a profession that does not distinguish between work and play. My favorite place on earth is an unspoiled coral reef in the early morning hours …” Find out more about Matthias Wagner in his Author Profile. Matthias Wagner The author presented on this page has published his 10. article in Angewandte Chemie in the last 10 years: “Selective CO2 Splitting by Doubly Reduced Aryl Boranes to Give CO and [CO3]2-”: E. von Grotthuss, S. E. Prey, M. Bolte, H.-W. Lerner, M. Wagner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 16491; Angew. Chem. 2018, 130, 16729. Date of birth: April 14, 1965 Position: Professor of Organometallic Chemistry, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main E-mail: matthias.wagner@chemie.uni-frankfurt.de Homepage: www.uni-frankfurt.de/58708118/Group of Prof Dr Matthias Wagner ORCID: 0000-0001-5806-8276 Education: 1990 Diploma, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 1992 PhD with Heinrich Nöth, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 1992-1994 Postdoctoral position with Malcolm L. H. Green, Oxford University 1994–1998 Habilitation, Technische Universität München (Mentor: Wolfgang A. Herrmann) Awards: 1997 Karl Winnacker Fellowship, Aventis Foundation; 1998 Heisenberg Fellowship, German Research Foundation; 2017 Invitation Fellowship, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research: Homogeneous catalysis with transition-metal and p-block compounds; optoelectronic materials; unusual bonding situations; elucidation of reaction mechanisms Hobbies: Traveling and foreign culture, literature, fine arts The most important thing I learned from my parents is to pick a profession that does not distinguish between work and play. My favorite place on earth is an unspoiled coral reef in the early morning hours. If I could have dinner with three famous scientists from history, they would be Charles Darwin, Richard Feynman, and Robert B. Woodward. And I would ask them about the world and its creatures, the art of teaching complex matters, and how to gain effortless superiority. I chose chemistry as a career because it combines theory and practice and provides us with compounds that do nowhere else exist in the entire universe. I would have liked to have discovered the fundamental principles of biological evolution. My favorite author (fiction) is Philip Roth (especially his novel The Human Stain). My top three films of all time are 12 Angry Men, Lawrence of Arabia, and Bitter Moon. My favorite song/piece of music is many pieces of Miles Davis and Leonard Cohen. My favorite quote is “Science is like sex: sure, it may give some practical results, but that's not why we do it” (adapted from R. Feynman) I like refereeing because it provides first-hand information and is an indispensable service to the community. The biggest problem that scientists face is to convince non-scientists of the value of science. My 5 top papers: 1“Exhaustively Trichlorosilylated C1 and C2 Building Blocks: Beyond the Müller–Rochow Direct Process”: I. Georg, J. Teichmann, M. Bursch, J. Tillmann, B. Endeward, M. Bolte, H.-W. Lerner, S. Grimme, M. Wagner, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 9696. (A selective room-temperature synthesis of versatile organosilane precursors is disclosed). 2“One-Step Synthesis of a [20]Silafullerane with an Endohedral Chloride Ion”: J. Tillmann, J. H. Wender, U. Bahr, M. Bolte, H.-W. Lerner, M. C. Holthausen, M. Wagner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 5429; Angew. Chem. 2015, 127, 5519. (Discovery of a Platonic polyhedron, the so far closest Si-based relative to C-fullerenes, and a textbook example of serendipity). 3“Boron-Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Facile Synthesis of Stable, Redox-Active Luminophores”: V. M. Hertz, M. Bolte, H.-W. Lerner, M. Wagner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 8800; Angew. Chem. 2015, 127, 8924. (A modular synthesis route to boron-doped π-electron systems). 4“Confirmed by X-ray Crystallography: The B⋅B One-Electron σ Bond”: A. Hübner, A. M. Diehl, M. Diefenbach, B. Endeward, M. Bolte, H.-W. Lerner, M. C. Holthausen, M. Wagner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 4832; Angew. Chem. 2014, 126, 4932. (A rare example of a fully characterized compound with element⋅element one-electron two-center bond). 5“A Synthetic Route to Borylene-Bridged Poly(ferrocenylene)s”: J. B. Heilmann, M. Scheibitz, Y. Qin, A. Sundararaman, F. Jäkle, T. Kretz, M. Bolte, H.-W. Lerner, M. C. Holthausen, M. Wagner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 920; Angew. Chem. 2006, 118, 934. (Dynamic covalent chemistry of organyl(hydro)boranes can be exploited for the preparation of sophisticated organoborane frameworks). Volume58, Issue33August 12, 2019Pages 11150-11150 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Tribal Community Visit to Malaria-Endemic Areas Can Pose Risk to Car Nicobar Island: Deterrent for Malaria Elimination

Introduction: In the past 10 years, a declining trend was seen in the annual parasite incidence (API) of malaria in the Car Nicobar Island. For the past few years, the API in the island has been below one. Car Nicobar Island is struggling with malaria cases reported to have been brought from other, malaria-endemic islands. Methods: The movements of people were monitored by door-to-door visits during early morning hours, and the frequency of their movements to different islands (malarious and non-malarious areas) were monitored. Results: A larger number of villagers visited non-malarious areas (OS-O) than malarious areas (OS-N). The maximum number of people was found out of station during the month of June. Thirty-seven percent of people were out of the station to non-malarious areas, while only 6% were out of the station to islands endemic for malaria. In the latter category, the majority of those who left the village were in the age groups of 16-30 years and 31–45 years. Even though fewer villagers visited malaria-endemic areas, their visits can pose a threat of malaria transmission, in view of the prevalence of local anopheline vectors. Conclusion: Understanding people’s movement patterns to and from high malaria-transmission areas is important to designing strategic evidence-based control plans. In Car Nicobar, the main transport facilities within the inter-islands are ship and helicopter services. Hence, post-arrival medical examinations should be made mandatory to prevent the introduction of malaria parasites into the island.