Early Missionary Work Research Articles

The didactic features of James Summers’s (1828–1891) research on Chinese*

Abstract James Summers (1828–1891) is distinguished as the first professor of Chinese in Britain to conduct systematic research on the Chinese language. During his tenure as a Chinese professor, Summers’s research on the Chinese language demonstrated a pronounced didactic emphasis. This was evident in his departure from rigidly following linguistic theories, his adoption of diverse linguistic ideas and methodologies from scholars of varied backgrounds, and his inclusion of multiple varieties of Chinese as target languages, particularly Nanjing Mandarin. Summers’s early missionary work in China, along with his role at King’s College London, where he trained student interpreters for the British Foreign Office, greatly shaped his pedagogical focus. The didactic feature of his works aligns with the broader pragmatic approach of British sinology, reflecting the trend of recruiting retired missionaries and diplomats with experience in China into European university faculties after the mid-19th century.

James E. Talmage and the Selenite Crystals

James E. Talmage and the Selenite Crystals

The Invisibility of Korean Translators in Missionary Translation: The Case of the Peep of Day (1833)

This study attempts to shed light on how missionaries marginalized the role played by local Koreans engaged in the translation of an evangelical tract, The Peep of Day (1833), into Korean by comparing the English source text with its Chinese and Korean translations. The subjects of comparison for this exercise were the translators’ choice of words from the source text for adaptation, addition and omission. This analysis revealed: 1) That the Chinese translation was the source text for Korean version; 2) Chinese translators were more active in acculturating the tract by adapting, omitting or adding to the source text; and 3) Korean translators were for the most part faithful to the Chinese version. In addition to this comparative analysis, research on the translators themselves has been included in this paper to trace how Protestant Christianity was trans-mitted to Korea and the dynamics of early missionary work.

Some catechists tell their stories. The catechists and the early missionary work among the people of northwestern Ghana. By Edward B. Tengan . Pp. 78 incl 6 figs. Tamale: GILLBT Press, 2015. $78 (paper). 978 9988 2 2607 7

Some catechists tell their stories. The catechists and the early missionary work among the people of northwestern Ghana. By Edward B. Tengan . Pp. 78 incl 6 figs. Tamale: GILLBT Press, 2015. $78 (paper). 978 9988 2 2607 7 - Volume 69 Issue 1

Die stil stem van die vroue in die vroeë sendingwerk van “der Kaapsche Kerk” in Njassaland (1896–1906)Deel II: Die Afrika-sendingkonteks

The quiet voice of the women in the early missionary work of the Cape Church in Nyasaland (1896–1906)Part II: The Africa mission-contextAlthough by 1910 half of the staff of the ‘Kaapsche Kerk’ in Nyasaland was female, their stories have scarcely been told. In this second of two articles, the focus is on giving a voice to some of these early female missionaries by sharing their experiences of the African mission context. As primary source the newly retrieved diaries of Reverend Andrew George Murray, though written from a male perspective, offer an interesting depiction of the role and contribution of Tillie Murray, his wife, and other female co-workers. The second main source is the letters of Bessie Vlok (née Horne), who lived and worked with her husband Eerwaarde TCB Vlok for six months at Livlezi until the untimely death of their firstborn, and only a few days later, herself. Also included as primary sources, are a number of handwritten letters and ‘witnesses’ composed by various female missionaries. These offer earnest reflections on their confrontations, challenges and experiences: Andrew George Murray went to Nyassaland in April 1901; Tillie Theron arrived in June 1902; Bessie joined her husband, TCB Vlok, in Nyassaland in 1885 and died in 1896.

The Swedish Free Mission (SFM) Work in Kenya Between 1960 and 1984

This article is a descriptive account of early missionary work of the Swedish Free Mission (SFM) in Kenya during the last part of the colonial era after national independence in1964. It attempts to reconstruct a memory of surviving local clerics and missionaries on their collaborative work in birthing a local church, the Free Pentecostal Fellowship in Kenya (FPFK). It relies on 20 in-depth interviews conducted by the authors in 2014, as well as missionary records found in FPFK’s head office in Nairobi.

The swedish free mission (SFM) Work in Kenya between 1960 and 1984

This article is a descriptive account of early missionary work of the Swedish Free Mission (SFM) in Kenya during the last part of the colonial era after national independence in1964. It attempts to reconstruct a memory of surviving local clerics and missionaries on their collaborative work in birthing a local church, the Free Pentecostal Fellowship in Kenya (FPFK). It relies on 20 in-depth interviews conducted by the authors in 2014, as well as missionary records found in FPFK’s head office in Nairobi.

초기 선교사들의 전도활동과 장시(場市)

초기 선교사들의 전도활동과 장시(場市)

초기 선교사들의 전도활동과 장시(場市)

초기 선교사들의 전도활동과 장시(場市)

Teacher Training and the English Language in Uganda

■ Uganda, a landlocked republic in East Africa, achieved independence in 1962. Like its other sister states, Kenya and Tanzania, Uganda was formerly colonised by the British. English, the official language, is currently used in administration, courts of law, commerce and industry and commands considerable respect and prestige. To be educated in Uganda means being able to speak English. The language education policy has been greatly influenced by early missionary work. In an effort to spread Christianity, the missionaries were compelled to establish literacy in a language in which the bible and prayer books were translated, hence their interest in using the local language for instruction. On the other hand, the colonial government was anxious to train men and women who would work as clerks

The Reactions of the Baptist Missionary Society and the Jamaican Baptist Union to the Morant Bay Rebellion of 1865

One of the turning points of Jamaican social, religious, and political history is the Morant Bay Rebellion of 1865. Perhaps the Jamaican nation and the Baptist church in Jamaica owe their present forms and identities to what occurred during a few fate ful days in October 1865. Morant Bay was then, and remains, the capital town of the parish of St. Thomas at the southeastern end of Jamaica. It was an important seaport and the first stop on the way to Kingston in the days of the schooner. Thus it had an importance and signifi cance beyond its size. Much of the early missionary work of the British Methodists and Baptists centered on this town from which their witness spread to influence the Maroons in the inte rior and the plantations along the eastern coast. The events at Morant Bay referred to here are sometimes seen as an extension of the mid-nineteenth-century Jamaican slave uprisings, although they occurred about a generation sub sequent to Jamaican abolition and emancipation. Others, how ever, tend to view the Morant Bay incident as a rebellion of the same genre as the Haitian Revolution (1804), the American Revolution (1776), and the French Revolution (1789), in which happenings occurred that shifted the axioms of society. The latter interpretation appears to have been the view of the Colonial Office in London, as borne out by actions it took upon the rebellion's outbreak. Its actions led to an attempt to

More of Benezet's Library

BENEZET'S LIBRARY83 INDEED, a strange and unexplored bit of Quaker history! Friends have sought contacts on the continent wherever they felt a readiness to receive the light—a readiness which has scarcely ever been stronger than from 1670 to 1750. There is no other small Christian group with such a catholic urge in its early missionary work, or with the impressive calmness and inner security that distinguish these traveling ministers. The later experiences of Daniel Wheeler and John Bellows, not to mention the episodes described above, and the absurd theology of the Doukhobors, make us realize that Asia begins on the western side of the Ural Mountains. MORE OF BENEZET'S LIBRARY By Henry J. Cadbury IN THE Bulletin of Friends' Historical Association, vol. 23 (1934), pp. 63-75, was published a list of the books bequeathed to Friends Library, Philadelphia, by Anthony Benezet, who died in 1784.1 Of over 180 volumes given, more than fifty were at that time designated as being now assembled in the Haverford College Library. Since then over twenty more of his books have been identified either at Haverford or in the libraries of the other Quaker colleges (Swarthmore, Earlham, Guilford) to which the Philadelphia Library was distributed. These titles are now copied again or added from the original list, with some additional information.2 QUARTO 25. Holy Bible.3 [The Bible here listed is perhaps the Bible owned by his wife (Joyce Benezet), and by her mother and her grand1 The books came to the Library, some before and some after the catalog was printed (see loc. cit., p. 64). Others of Benezet's books were given, we are told, to the school for Blacks where he himself had taught. See "Willing"s Alley School" in the Friend, 17 (1844), p. 179. 2 The original classes and numbers are kept. Designating marks are : * Volume now extant t Item written or published by Anthony Benezet E Charles Evans, American Bibliography Bibliographical information not contained in the catalog printed shortly after Benezet's death in 1784 is added in square brackets. The additional titles given in brackets under Nos. 94 and 126 are bound with the titles listed, as may be ascertained by consulting the extant volumes. 3 Omitted by mistake in the previous list. 84 BULLETIN OF FRIENDS' HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION father (Dr. Griffith Owen), which is now at Haverford College. It is important because it contains family data including the birth and death of Anthony Benezet's two children] OCTAVO 61. Guion Lady, the life of written by herself, 2 vols. [As previously stated a MS note in a very early official copy of the catalog says, "Burnt at a fire." Another copy with Anthony Benezet's autograph came to the Friends Library but did not receive the special bookplate. This work was translated by the Irish Friend, James Gough, and printed at Bristol in 1772] At Haverford *94. A Letter to Doctor Formy. [Written probably by a Friend, James Beezley, and published at London in 1766] At Swarthmore *94. A Letter to Doctor Formey [another copy bound with other items. London, 1766] [A Collection of Some Writings of the . . Quakers. Compiled by M. M. Phila., 1767. E. 10583] [Some Remarks on Religion (by Herman Husbands). Phila., 1761. E. 8885] [The Sufficiency of the Spirit's Teaching, by Samuel How. 7th Ed. Wilmington, 1763. E. 9410] [Reasons and objections for and against the Priviledges Granted to . . the United Brethren. London, 1750] [Reasons for erecting an additional number of schools (by William Dover). London, 1752] [Considerations touching the likeliest means to remove hirelings. By John Milton. Reprinted in the year 1743] [Extracts of Several Treatises wrote by the Prince of Conti and Others concerning Stage Plays. Phila., 1754. E. 7175] At Haverford *126. Ranters and ¡other Libertines (the Anarchy of) by Robert Barclay. [Phila. 1757. E. 7840] [The Epistle to the National Meeting of Friends by J. Pike. Phila. 1757. E. 8008] At Earlham 166. Woolman John (the Works of in Two Parts). 3 setts.3 *180. Two discourses and a Prayer, [by Samuel Fothergill] Sundry do . . . do Character of S. Fothergill An Epistle to Friends in Tortola The Trial of Spirits [by William...

Early Missionary Work among the North American Indians

A study of early missionary work among the North American Indians—unless over-long for such an occasion as this—must be of limited scope. One may not, even in the most hurried way, notice the labors of the heroic Jesuit Fathers in Canada or New York, whose self-sacrificing devotion deserved a larger success; nor may the study safely extend beyond the close of the seventeenth century.