Early Life Stages Research Articles

Cardiovascular Characteristics in Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome

Abstract The most prevalent type of syndromic obesity is referred to as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), being determined by the lack of expression of paternal genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13 due to genomic or epigenetic variations, such as DNA and histone methylation or acetylation. The syndrome is frequently associated with behavioral disorders, intellectual deficiencies, short stature, polyphagia, hypogonadism and muscular hypotonia, all stemming from the multiple endocrine dysfunctions characterizing this condition. Cardiovascular (CV) anomalies can manifest even in the early stages of life, and those with PWS have an elevated risk of early onset cardiovascular diseases. The somatic and behavioral aspects of the syndrome interact intricately to cause this increased risk for CV pathologies. Changes in the GH-IGF axis are seen in most Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) patients, irrespective of obesity. Specific cardiovascular features of GHD in adult PWS patients include reduced cardiac mass, decreased ejection fraction, and diminished chronotropic response to dobutamine.

Persistence of fish populations to longer, more intense, and more frequent mass mortality events.

Over the last decades, mass mortality events have become increasingly common across taxa with sometimes devastating effects on population biomass. In the aquatic environment, fish are sensitive to mass mortality events, particularly at the early life stages that are crucial for population dynamics. However, it has recently been shown for fish, that a single mass mortality event in early life typically does not lead to population collapse. Moreover, the frequency and intensity of extreme events that can cause mass mortality, such as marine heatwaves, are increasing. Here, we show that increasing frequency and intensity of mass mortality events may lead to population collapse. Since the drivers of mass mortality events are diverse, and often linked to climate change, it is challenging to predict the frequency and severity of future mass mortality events. As an alternative, we quantify the probability of population collapse depending on the frequency and intensity as well as the duration of mass mortality events. Based on 39 fish species, we show that the probability of collapse typically increases with increasing frequency, intensity, and duration of the mortality events. In addition, we show that the collapse depends on key traits such as natural mortality, recruitment variation, and density dependence. The presented framework provides quantitative estimates of the sensitivity of fish species to these increasingly common extreme events, which paves the way for potential mitigation actions to alleviate adverse impacts on harvested fish populations across the globe.

Selective targeting of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp90 disrupts the 26S proteasome

The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has an essential but largely undefined role in maintaining proteostasis in Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal malaria parasite. Herein, we identify BX-2819 and XL888 as potent P.falciparum (Pf)Hsp90 inhibitors. Derivatization of XL888's scaffold led to the development of Tropane 1, as a PfHsp90-selective binder with nanomolar affinity. Hsp90 inhibitors exhibit anti-Plasmodium activity against the liver, asexual blood, and early gametocyte life stages. Thermal proteome profiling was implemented to assess PfHsp90-dependent proteome stability, and the proteasome-the main site of cellular protein recycling-was enriched among proteins with perturbed stability upon PfHsp90 inhibition. Subsequent biochemical and cellular studies suggest that PfHsp90 directly promotes proteasome hydrolysis by chaperoning the active 26S complex. These findings expand our knowledge of the PfHsp90-dependent proteome and protein quality control mechanisms in these pathogenic parasites, as well as further characterize this chaperone as a potential antimalarial drug target.

Inspecting mother-to-infant microbiota transmission: disturbance of strain inheritance by cesarian section.

The initial acquisition and subsequent development of the microbiota in early life is crucial to future health. Cesarean-section (CS) birth is considered to affect early microbial transmission from mother to infant. In this study, we collected fecal samples from 34 CS infants and their mothers from West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University to assess the microbiota developmental trajectory of mothers and infants. We explored mother-infant gut microbiome transmission via comparison with corresponding Finnish data. Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota profiles indicated that the communities of mothers and infants were distinct. The composition of the infant gut microbiome was highly variable but also followed predictable patterns in the early stages of life. Maternal communities were stable and mainly dominated by species from Bacteroidacea spp. We used PStrain to analyze and visualize strain transmission in each mother-infant pair. Excluding missing data, we included 32 mother-infant pairs for analysis of strain transmission. Most CS deliveries (65.6%, 21/32) did not demonstrate transmission of strains from mother to infant. To further explore the mother-infant strain transmission, we analyzed metagenomics data from Finnish mother-infant pairs. A total of 32 mother-infant pairs were included in the analysis, including 28 vaginal delivery (VD) infants and four CS infants. Strain transmission was observed in 30 infants, including 28 VD infants and two CS infants. All VD infants received transmitted stains from their mothers. Finally, a total of 193 strain transmission events were observed, comprising 131 strains and 45 species. Taken together, our data suggested that delivery mode was an important factor influencing the mother-infant strain transmission.

Predictors of menstrual health management among the high school adolescent girls

Background: Adolescence (10-19 years) is an essential human developmental stage, during which physical, sexual, psychological, and social development occurs Objectives: To estimate the knowledge and attitude regarding menstruation health as well as its determinants among school going adolescent girls. Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among school going adolescent girls. In addition to descriptive analysis, bi-variate analysis was also done to find out the association between various predictors of knowledge and attitudes of the study population. Results: Majority of the adolescent girls preferred mother (75.6%) as a source of information regarding puberty related issue with 86.2% of them using health related sanitary pad as one of the methods for menstrual hygiene. Conclusion: Proper menstrual hygiene practices which could be imparted through appropriate interventions at earlier stages of life can prevent the girls and women from suffering reproductive morbidities.

Gender Difference in Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of Undergraduates in Tartous University, Syria

Introduction: Poor nutritional knowledge at early stage of life suggests developing poor dietary habits that later leads to obesity and attendant complications of non-communicable diseases. This study examined gender differences in nutritional knowledge, dietary pattern and the prevalence of overweight/obesity among students of a private tertiary institution in Tartous University, Syria. Materials and Method: A total of 214 students were used for this study and were selected from the six colleges of the university. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on personal and lifestyle characteristics, feeding pattern and physical activity. Weight and height measures were used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test at 5% level of significance. Results: The mean age of the students was 20.89±3.89years. Monthly allowance of ≥500, 000.00 Syrian pound was received by 64% of the students; 79.9% and 78% of them had fathers and mothers respectively with university degree. Physical body exercise was not done by 40.2% of the students. More than two thirds (69.2%) of the students took < 3meals/day and 59.8% of them skipped breakfast. Dietary diversity of the students showed 71.0% and 20.6% of average and high score respectively. The mean BMI was 24.60±3.70. The students had BMI <25 (63.6%) and ≥25 (36.4%). Nutritional knowledge of the students reflected 10.7% (low), 72.9% (average) and 16.4% (high). There was no gender difference BMI, knowledge and dietary diversity. Conclusion: The study reveals inadequate nutritional knowledge, poor feeding habits and dietary diversity and high prevalence of overweight/obesity. Great emphasis needs to be given to nutrition education and promotion among university students.

Gender Difference in Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of Undergraduates in Tartous University, Syria

Introduction: Poor nutritional knowledge at early stage of life suggests developing poor dietary habits that later leads to obesity and attendant complications of non-communicable diseases. This study examined gender differences in nutritional knowledge, dietary pattern and the prevalence of overweight/obesity among students of a private tertiary institution in Tartous University, Syria.

The spatiotemporal properties of artificial feeding schemes influence the post-fledging movement of Egyptian Vultures

Abstract Many vulture populations have severely declined in the past decades, showing high juvenile mortality. To support these populations, feeding stations are used to increase food availability and to supply food without antibiotics and toxic compounds. Yet, supplying food at feeding stations may affect vulture behavior. We present a large-scale field experiment testing how different food provision schemes affected the movement of Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus). We used GPS transmitters harnessed to 18 vulture chicks and described their movements post-fledging. We categorized the vultures into 3 groups according to the feeding scheme used at feeding stations near their nests: frequent and spatially dispersed food supply (FD); non-frequent and spatially dispersed food supply (NFD); and frequent food supply, concentrated in one location (FC). We found that birds from all three groups increased their roosting distances from the nest with fledgling age, with the NFD and FC groups showing a greater increase than the FD group. Additionally, all 3 groups increased their daily flight distances, with the NFD group presenting the largest increase and the FD group presenting the smallest increase. Our findings offer new insights into the relevance of spatiotemporal differences in the management of feeding stations and show its effect on movement during birds’ early life stages, creating 2 main movement patterns: local and regional. Our findings can help decide upon the preferable feeding scheme in a way that will either encourage or reduce the early dispersal distances of fledglings, according to long- and short-term conservation objectives. For example, local movements during the post fledging period to known and stable food resources may reduce the risk of anthropogenic-induced mortality, while it may negatively affect long-term survival by hindering foraging, flight, and exploring skills and affect dispersion to future breeding sites.

The survival of the fastest: Unveiling the determinants of Unicorns and Gazelles’ early success

What are the determinants of Unicorns and Gazelles’ early success? This review article examines the factors that contribute to the success of Unicorns and Gazelles in their early life stage. Indeed, despite their unique characteristics and significant impact on the global economy, Unicorns and Gazelles have yet to be thoroughly examined in terms of their (exceptional) survival factors. To bridge this literature gap, we systematically reviewed 66 articles, comparing Unicorns' and Gazelles' survival determinants and proposing a conceptual framework for their life cycle. Attracted by the exceptional characteristics of these new ventures, such as the fast scalability provided by their business models, early investors play a key role in helping them overcome initial challenges. However, this reliance on investors presents a double-edged sword, as withdrawing their support can lead to significant disruptions. This understanding provides valuable insights for entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers navigating the complexities of the start-up world, ultimately increasing the likelihood of venture success and achieving a champion status. By shedding light on these exceptional ventures, our study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors driving the survival dynamics of Unicorns and Gazelles.

Nutritional Approaches Targeting Gut Microbiota in Oxidative-Stress-Associated Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on Early Life Programming.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) denotes a constellation of risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, with its roots potentially traced back to early life. Given the pivotal role of oxidative stress and dysbiotic gut microbiota in MetS pathogenesis, comprehending their influence on MetS programming is crucial. Targeting these mechanisms during the early stages of life presents a promising avenue for preventing MetS later in life. This article begins by examining detrimental insults during early life that impact fetal programming, ultimately contributing to MetS in adulthood. Following that, we explore the role of oxidative stress and the dysregulation of gut microbiota in the initiation of MetS programming. The review also consolidates existing evidence on how gut-microbiota-targeted interventions can thwart oxidative-stress-associated MetS programming, encompassing approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and the modulation of bacterial metabolites. While animal studies demonstrate the favorable effects of gut-microbiota-targeted therapy in mitigating MetS programming, further clinical investigations are imperative to enhance our understanding of manipulating gut microbiota and oxidative stress for the prevention of MetS.

An Integrated Metabolomics-Based Model, and Identification of Potential Biomarkers, of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos.

Known for their high stability and surfactant properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been widely used in a range of manufactured products. Despite being largely phased out due to concerns regarding their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity, legacy PFAS such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid continue to persist at high levels in the environment, posing risks to aquatic organisms. We used high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in intact zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to investigate the metabolic pathways altered by PFOS both before and after hatching (i.e., 24 and 72 h post fertilization [hpf], respectively). Assessment of embryotoxicity found embryo lethality in the parts-per-million range with no significant difference in mortality between the 24- and 72-hpf exposure groups. Metabolic profiling revealed mostly consistent changes between the two exposure groups, with altered metabolites generally associated with oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, energy production, and mitochondrial function, as well as specific targeting of the liver and central nervous system as key systems. These metabolic changes were further supported by analyses of tissue-specific production of reactive oxygen species, as well as nontargeted mass spectrometric lipid profiling. Our findings suggest that PFOS-induced metabolic changes in zebrafish embryos may be mediated through previously described interactions with regulatory and transcription factors leading to disruption of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. The present study proposes a systems-level model of PFOS toxicity in early life stages of zebrafish, and also identifies potential biomarkers of effect and exposure for improved environmental biomonitoring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:896-914. © 2024 SETAC.

Allergy-associated biomarkers in early life identified by Omics techniques.

The prevalence and severity of allergic diseases have increased over the last 30 years. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for these diseases is a major challenge in current allergology, as it is crucial for the transition towards precision medicine, which encompasses predictive, preventive, and personalized strategies. The urge to identify predictive biomarkers of allergy at early stages of life is crucial, especially in the context of major allergic diseases such as food allergy and atopic dermatitis. Identifying these biomarkers could enhance our understanding of the immature immune responses, improve allergy handling at early ages and pave the way for preventive and therapeutic approaches. This minireview aims to explore the relevance of three biomarker categories (proteome, microbiome, and metabolome) in early life. First, levels of some proteins emerge as potential indicators of mucosal health and metabolic status in certain allergic diseases. Second, bacterial taxonomy provides insight into the composition of the microbiota through high-throughput sequencing methods. Finally, metabolites, representing the end products of bacterial and host metabolic activity, serve as early indicators of changes in microbiota and host metabolism. This information could help to develop an extensive identification of biomarkers in AD and FA and their potential in translational personalized medicine in early life.

Modeling transport and feeding of juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles on the West Florida shelf

Survivorship during the juvenile oceanic phase likely acts as a bottleneck on the growth of sea turtle populations, and starvation mortality through this period is one potential factor influencing year class strength. We combined a simulation of juvenile Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtle dispersal based on an ocean circulation model with an Atlantis ecosystem model to examine the spatial overlap of young sea turtles with their prey resources. We were particularly interested in whether ocean currents facilitated the movement of juveniles from western Gulf nesting beaches to areas in the eastern Gulf along the West Florida Shelf (WFS) with adequate food availability. We found that strong frontal gradients on the WFS may increase the potential for juveniles to remain offshore in areas of high per capita prey availability, allowing for more feeding opportunities during critical early life stages. Additionally, we found that multiple climatological indices are related to Gulf-wide patterns of juvenile dispersal, potentially via effects on the Loop Current. Findings from this study hold implications for continued population viability of protected sea turtle populations in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as other species with early life stages that disperse via ocean currents such as commercially important fishes.

Two Adverse Early Life Events Induce Differential Changes in Brain CRH and Serotonin Systems in Rats along with Hyperphagia and Depression.

Different types of stress inflicted in early stages of life elevate the risk, among adult animals and humans, to develop disturbed emotional-associated behaviors, such as hyperphagia or depression. Early-life stressed (ELS) adults present hyperactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is a risk factor associated with mood disorders. However, the prevalence of hyperphagia (17%) and depression (50%) is variable among adults that experienced ELS, suggesting that the nature, intensity, and chronicity of the stress determines the specific behavioral alteration that those individuals develop. We analyzed corticosterone serum levels, Crh, GR, Crhr1 genes expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, amygdala, and hippocampus due to their regulatory role on HPA axis in adult rats that experienced maternal separation (MS) or limited nesting material (LNM) stress; as well as the serotonergic system activity in the same regions given its association with the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) pathway functioning and with the hyperphagia and depression development. Alterations in dams' maternal care provoked an unresponsive or hyper-responsive HPA axis function to an acute stress in MS and LNM adults, respectively. The differential changes in amygdala and hippocampal CRH system seemed compensating alterations to the hypothalamic desensitized glucocorticoids receptor (GR) in MS or hypersensitive in LNM. However, both adult animals developed hyperphagia and depression-like behavior when subjected to the forced-swimming test, which helps to understand that both hypo and hypercortisolemic patients present those disorders. Different ELS types induce neuroendocrine, brain CRH and 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) systems' alterations that may interact converging to develop similar maladaptive behaviors.

Children and adolescent consumer behavior: Insights from the life course paradigm

AbstractResearchers have long been interested in understanding young consumers, but they have had inadequate methods for studying their consumption‐related thoughts and actions at early stages of life and how these develop and change during formative years. Recent theoretical and methodological advances in behavioral and social science have contributed to the development of a research approach, known as “life course paradigm.” This approach has helped replace and integrate previously used theories and methods by offering researchers an over‐arching multi‐theoretical framework for studying a wide variety of phenomena; and it has rapidly diffused across disciplines, and is increasingly used internationally. This article shows how consumer researchers could benefit from applying this conceptual research framework to improve existing models and study youths' consumer behavior in an innovative way.

Oil droplet fouling on lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) eggshells does not enhance the crude oil induced developmental toxicity

The oil industry's expansion and increased operational activity at older installations, along with their demolition, contribute to rising cumulative pollution and a heightened risk of accidental oil spills. The lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) is a keystone prey species in the North Sea and coastal systems. Their eggs adhere to the seabed substrate making them particularly vulnerable to oil exposure during embryonic development. We evaluated the sensitivity of sandeel embryos to crude oil in a laboratory by exposing them to dispersed oil at concentrations of 0, 15, 50, and 150 µg/L oil between 2 and 16 days post-fertilization. We assessed water and tissue concentrations of THC and tPAH, cyp1a expression, lipid distribution in the eyes, head and trunk, and morphological and functional deformities. Oil droplets accumulated on the eggshell in all oil treatment groups, to which the embryo responded by a dose-dependent rise in cyp1a expression. The oil exposure led to only minor sublethal deformities in the upper jaw and otic vesicle. The findings suggest that lesser sandeel embryos are resilient to crude oil exposure. The lowest observed effect level documented in this study was 36 µg THC/L and 3 µg tPAH/L. The inclusion of these species-specific data in risk assessment models will enhance the precision of risk evaluations for the North Atlantic ecosystems.

Early brain cognitive development in late preterm infants: an event-related potential and resting EEG study

BackgroundLate preterm infants (LPIs) are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Research on their cognitive development is helpful for early intervention and follow-up.MethodsEvent-related potential (ERP) and resting electroencephalography (RS-EEG) were used to study the brain cognitive function of LPIs in the early stage of life. The Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) was used to track the neurodevelopmental status at the age of 1 year after correction, and to explore the neurophysiological indicators that could predict the outcome of cognitive development in the early stage.ResultsThe results showed that mismatch response (MMR) amplitude, RS-EEG power spectrum and functional connectivity all suggested that LPIs were lagging behind. At the age of 1 year after correction, high-risk LPIs showed no significant delay in gross motor function, but lagged behind in fine motor function, language, personal social interaction and adaptability. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive role of MMR amplitude in the brain cognitive development prognosis at 1 year, showing a sensitivity of 80.00% and a specificity of 90.57%. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.788, with a P-value of 0.007.ConclusionsBased on our findings we supposed that the cognitive function of LPI lags behind that of full-term infants in early life. Preterm birth and perinatal diseases or high risk factors affected brain cognitive function in LPIs. MMR amplitude can be used as an early predictor of brain cognitive development in LPIs.Trial registrationThis clinical trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR). Trial registration number: ChiCTR2100041929. Date of registration: 2021-01-10. URL of the trial registry record: https://www.chictr.org.cn/.

Above and belowground phenotypic response to exogenous auxin across Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and natural accessions varies from seedling to reproductive maturity.

Plant hormones influence phenology, development, and function of above and belowground plant structures. In seedlings, auxin influences the initiation and development of lateral roots and root systems. How auxin-related genes influence root initiation at early life stages has been investigated from numerous perspectives. There is a gap in our understanding of how these genes influence root size through the life cycle and in mature plants. Across development, the influence of a particular gene on plant phenotypes is partly regulated by the addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA transcripts via alternative polyadenylation (APA). Auxin related genes have documented variation in APA, with auxin itself contributing to APA site switches. Studies of the influence of exogenous auxin on natural plant accessions and mutants of auxin pathway gene families exhibiting variation in APA are required for a more complete understanding of genotype by development by hormone interactions in whole plant and fitness traits. We studied Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous mutant lines with inserts in auxin-related genes previously identified to exhibit variation in number of APA sites. Our growth chamber experiment included wildtype Col-0 controls, mutant lines, and natural accession phytometers. We applied exogenous auxin through the life cycle. We quantified belowground and aboveground phenotypes in 14 day old, 21 day old seedlings and plants at reproductive maturity. We contrasted root, rosette and flowering phenotypes across wildtype, auxin mutant, and natural accession lines, APA groups, hormone treatments, and life stages using general linear models. The root systems and rosettes of mutant lines in auxin related genes varied in response to auxin applications across life stages and varied between genotypes within life stages. In seedlings, exposure to auxin decreased size, but increased lateral root density, whereas at reproductive maturity, plants displayed greater aboveground mass and total root length. These differences may in part be due to a shift which delayed the reproductive stage when plants were treated with auxin. Root traits of auxin related mutants depended on the number of APA sites of mutant genes and the plant's developmental stage. Mutants with inserts in genes with many APA sites exhibited lower early seedling belowground biomass than those with few APA sites but only when exposed to exogenous auxin. As we observed different responses to exogenous auxin across the life cycle, we advocate for further studies of belowground traits and hormones at reproductive maturity. Studying phenotypic variation of genotypes across life stages and hormone environments will uncover additional shared patterns across traits, assisting efforts to potentially reach breeding targets and enhance our understanding of variation of genotypes in natural systems.

Dietary metabarcoding of keystone sardine species reveals the importance of their ichthyoplankton prey in food webs of the Southern Brazilian Bight fisheries

AbstractClupeiform fishes are ecologically and economically important species contributing to industrial and artisanal fisheries worldwide. They represent key links in food webs, influencing the dynamic between trophic levels. The dietary interactions of these species are poorly studied in many regions, yet essential for fisheries management. To elucidate the role of these species in food webs of the Southern Brazilian Bight pelagic fisheries, we used metabarcoding analysis of fish stomach contents of Clupeiformes and possible predators. Onboard sampling from March to September 2016 allowed for processing of 87 stomach samples representing 31 species (including 12 samples representing three species of Clupeiformes). Links between trophic levels showed the predominance of Sardinella brasiliensis and Engraulis anchoita as important dietary items of a large range of fishes (28 species belonging to 18 families) and representing the majority of the total prey read abundance assigned to clupeiform fishes (~46% and ~32%, respectively). Opisthonema oglinum contributed to the diet of 16 species in 13 families and ~18% of total read abundance of clupeiform fishes as prey. The appearance of multiple clupeiform taxa in the diet of predators that are not commonly associated with pelagic prey indicates that ecosystem‐based fisheries management should not be separated between pelagic and demersal fisheries. The diet of Clupeiformes revealed an unexpectedly large diversity of fish species and a low proportion of invertebrates (<5% of clupeiform prey reads). This was likely due to a combination of both a limitation of the metabarcoding method (primer bias and low success of invertebrate taxonomic identification) as well as a contribution of early life stages (ichthyoplankton) to the diet of these fishes. The potential role of clupeiform fish populations as a constraint to the recruitment from the ichthyoplanktonic phase of other ecologically or commercially important fishes should be considered as an important direction for future studies.

UPAYA PENCEGAHAN HULU HILIR STUNTING DI WILAYAH KEDUNGWUNI BARAT

Stunting is short or very short based on length or height according to age which is less than -2 standard deviation (SD) on the WHO growth curve which occurs due to irreversible conditions due to inadequate nutritional intake and/or recurrent infections / chronic disease that occurs within 1000 HPK. Malnutrition occurs when the baby is in the womb and in the early stages of life after birth, but only appears after the child is 2 years old (Izwardy, 2019). This upstream-downstream effort to prevent stunting in the West Kedungwuni region was carried out for approximately 2 months from 11 July to 26 September 2023. This effort consists of 3 stages, namely the preparation, implementation and evaluation stages. Stunting cannot be treated but can be prevented. The Indonesian government has established a policy that efforts to prevent stunting are carried out through specific nutritional interventions and sensitive nutritional interventions. Specific nutritional interventions are interventions that focus on the health sector and contribute 30% to solving the stunting problem. Sensitive nutritional interventions focus on outside the health sector and contribute by 70% to solve the problem of stunting. Stunting is caused by several factors such as: low maternal knowledge, inappropriate parenting patterns, poor nutritional status, LBW, and low family economic status have a significant relationship to the incidence of stunting in children. Stunting cannot be treated but can still be prevented, several things that can be done to prevent stunting are maintaining nutritional intake at 1000 HPK (First Day of Life).