Earliest Finish Research Articles

Lysine and protein levels in corn-soybean meal diets for growing-finishing swine.

Previous work with growing swine indicated that the lysine requirement, expressed as a percentage of the diet, decreased by .02 percentage units with each 1% reduction in dietary protein level. Thus, the dietary lysine needed for optimal performance may be less than the reported requirement when a portion of the soybean meal in a corn-soybean meal diet is replaced with crystalline lysine. An experiment was conducted to test this concept in each of three phases of growth: growing (23.6 to 47.2 kg), early finishing (47.2 to 74.8 kg) and late finishing (74.8 to 92.8 kg). Dietary crude protein levels were 16, 13 and 12% for the positive control regimen and 14, 11.5 and 11% for the negative control regimen during the growing, early finishing and late finishing periods, respectively. In each phase of growth, regimen 1 was the positive control; regimen 2 was the negative control plus lysine to the level in the positive control; regimen 3 was the negative control plus lysine to the level in the positive control less .02% lysine for each 1% decrease in crude protein from the positive control level; and regimen 4 was the negative control. Ninety-six crossbred pigs were used to form two barrow and two gilts replicates with six pigs per pen-replicate. Average daily gains summarized over the entire growing-finishing period were .74, .75, .75 and .65 kg per day for regimens 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Corresponding gain to feed ratios were .29, .29, .30 and .26. Within each growth phase, average daily gain and gain to feed ratio followed patterns similar to the overall results. Carcass evaluation of barrows indicated a trend toward leaner carcasses from pigs on regimens 1, 2 and 3 than from those on regimen 4. Thus, the lysine requirement can be reduced when crude protein levels are reduced by replacing soybean meal with synthetic lysine.

Lingual sulcoplasty with a modified preparation technique

Different techniques to improve the denture supporting area in the mandible by means of lingual sulcoplastry are discussed. A method for lingual sulcoplastry is presented and compared with other methods. This method is considered superior to transplantation and flap techniques as it causes less pain and discomfort and allows an early finish of the denture work. Yet the result of the operations with this technique seems to be compatible.

Re-Appraisal of Moult of Red-Necked Stints in Southern Australia

The Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis breeds in the northern hemisphere and migrates to southern latitudes for its non-breeding period where adults undergo a complete moult of the flight feathers. Juveniles follow the adults to the wintering grounds but remain for the breeding season, the southern winter, and do not moult all their flight feathers until the following year. Returning adults and second-year birds begin to moult their primaries between late August and early December and finish between late December and late March. The mean duration of moult of their primaries is calculated as 130 days, fifteen days longer than that previously reported. Previous authors may not have distinguished non-moulting first-year birds and the inaccuracies in their method of calculation probably account for the difference. Distributions of the moult scores of the primaries of the adults are unimodal and we dispel Evans's (1975) suggestion of subgroups. Pooling of data from separate samples, asymmetry between the wings during early stages of moult, decrease in the rate d moult in middle to late stages and possible bias in sampling all may have contributed to the artificial formation of subgroups.

Performance in a Self-Paced Course

Student performance in an individually-paced PSI course in introductory psychology is described. Students were required to complete thirty units of material by oral interviews and every third unit was followed by a written exam. The earlier a student started to work, the sooner he finished the course and more of those who started early completed the course than those who started later. Individual exam records showed that patterns of exam taking could not be characterized by any single mode. Fixed-ratio, fixed-interval, and pacing schedule patterns of responding were obtained. Most of the students who withdrew from the class did so after completing one of the first three exams and there was no history of exam failure associated with these students. Early finishers had a slightly more favorable attitude toward the course than late finishers. For students who indicated a change toward majoring or minoring in psychology, the change was greater for those who finished early. A major implication of this study is that students should be reinforced for starting to work early in a self-paced class since starting early maximizes the probability that the student will complete the course.

Protein requirements for early finishing of male and female Turkeys

Synopsis Five diets each calculated to contain about 3.0 kcal ME/g, with determined crude protein levels of 17.5, 19.8, 21.7, 23.2 and 24.4% were fed to male and female turkeys from 8 to 12 weeks of age. The 23.2 and 24.4% protein diets were estimated to contain about 115 and 125% respectively of the lysine and methionine allowances recommended for maximum growth at this stage. But for both sexes growth increments increased progressively as dietary protein increased up to the highest level fed, indicating that protein requirements for maximum growth were in this case considerably in excess of currently recommended levels. There was no consistent effect of sex or diet on visual assessment of carcass finish or conformation at 12 weeks of age. “Skin‐pinch” thickness was significantly greater for females than for males. In the case of females there was a tendency for skin‐pinch thickness to decrease with increasing dietary protein level and body weight.

A note on the protein requirements for early finishing of male turkeys.

A note on the protein requirements for early finishing of male turkeys.

Seed production and persistence of Carnamah and other early strains of Trifolium subterraneum in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

Seed production and persistence of the Carnamah, Northam A, Dwalganup, and Geraldton strains of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were examined in undefoliated swards in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The early flowering characteristic of Carnamah was not always associated with higher seed yields. Only when there was a well-defined, early finish to the growing season, or when flowering was very much earlier in Carnamah (viz., following an early 'break' to the season), did this strain clearly outyield both Northam A and Geraldton. The seed yield of Dwalganup was generally inferior to that of the other strains. Factors affecting regeneration are discussed. Under low rainfall conditions, poorer germination-regulation of Carnamah, compared with Geraldton and Northam A, would be expected to result in poorer persistence unless offset by higher seed yields in the Carnamah strain.

Early Sanded Paint Finish

Early Sanded Paint Finish