Early Diagnosis Of Breast Carcinoma Research Articles

Value of Molybdenum Target X-Ray and High-Frequency Color Doppler Flow Imaging in Early Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma: A Comparative Analysis.

Breast carcinoma (BC) threatens the physical and mental health of women worldwide, and early diagnosis is important for improving patient outcomes and ensuring successful treatment. This research mainly aims to compare and analyze the value of molybdenum target X-ray and high-frequency color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the early diagnosis of BC. First, 102 patients with suspected early-stage BC (ESBC) admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital were examined by molybdenum target X-ray and CDFI. Based on the pathological findings, the diagnostic efficiency data of the two diagnostic modalities such as positive detection rate (PDR), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and accuracy (ACC), as well as imaging information like masses, microcalcifications (MCs), axillary lymph node (LN) metastases, and blood flow signal or vascular sign abnormalities were analyzed. CDFI contributed to higher PDR, PRV, NPV, SEN, and ACC than molybdenum target X-ray in ESBC diagnosis, but similar SPE. The combined diagnosis of molybdenum target X-ray plus CDFI contributed to even higher PDR, PRV, NPV, SEN, and ACC than molybdenum target X-ray alone and higher ACC than CDFI. Imaging inspection revealed that the number of cases of masses, axillary LN metastases, and abnormalities in blood flow signals or vascular signs detected by CDFI was significantly higher than that by molybdenum target X-ray, while the number of MCs was significantly lower. Molybdenum target X-ray plus CDFI is more effective in the diagnosis of ESBC and plays a complementary role in imaging examination, which can synergistically improve the diagnostic ACC of ESBC and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Correlative Evaluation of Seven Cytological 3-Tier Grading Systems of Breast Carcinoma with the Standard Histological Grading: A 4 and ½ Year Study

Introduction: The early diagnosis of breast carcinoma is of paramount importance in its management. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has the potential to play a pivotal role in providing the relevant information on the aggressiveness of this tumor. But there is no gold standard when it comes to cytological grading of breast carcinoma as there is no consensus between the pathologists and also the clinicians as to which grading is as par with the gold standard Elston-Ellis modification of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) histological grading. This study was undertaken to study seven cytological 3-tier grading systems, namely, Robinson’s, Fisher’s, Mouriquand’s, Dabbs’, Khan’s, Taniguchi’s, and Howells’s and to correlate them with the Elston-Ellis modification of SBR histological grading system so as to determine the finest cytological grading system which could be reliably used in our routine practice. Material and Methods: A total of 117 breast carcinoma cases diagnosed on FNAC were graded using seven 3-tier cytological grading systems and were correlated with Elston-Ellis modification of SBR histological grading system. Concordance, kappa measurement, and various correlation studies were done using SPSS software version 2021. Results: Robinson’s method showed a better concordance (84.61%), a better correlation (Spearman = 0.750, τ = 0.731, p < 0.001), and a substantial kappa value of agreement (κ = 0.701) with SBR grading system compared to other system closely followed by Fisher’s system. Conclusions: Even though all the seven 3-tier cytological grading systems positively correlated with the SBR histologic grading of breast carcinoma, Robinson’s method showed better concordance and correlation with a substantial kappa value of agreement in comparison to other 3-tier cytology grading systems. Hence, Robinson’s grading which is simpler and also feasible should be incorporated in the routine cytology reporting of breast carcinoma.

The study of role of mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of early breast carcinoma

Background: Epidemiologically breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women. Prevalence rate of breast cancer is higher in urban women of middle age group. Early diagnosis of breast carcinoma is required for effective treatment else it may lead to mortality if advanced to stage 3 or 4. At present, there are different diagnosis modalities for early stage breast carcinoma. Currently triple diagnostic assessment including clinical, radiological and pathological examinations with 99% sensitivity is used in diagnosing all palpable breast lumps. The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of mammogram and Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing breast cancer.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total 80 female patients above 30 years of age with a palpable breast lump. Patients were sent for mammography, fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examinations. Results of mammography, FNAC and HPR were compared and statistically correlated.Results: Sensitivity of mammogram diagnosis was observed to be 92.857%, specificity as 86.842%, positive and negative predictive values to be 88.636% and 91.667% respectively. Therefore, current study findings revealed accuracy of mammogram to be 90.000%. Sensitivity of FNAC diagnosis was observed to be 92.857% and specificity to be 100%, positive and negative predictive values were observed to be 100% and 92.683% respectively. The study results revealed that FNAC diagnosis exhibited accuracy of 96.250%.Conclusions: Current investigation findings revealed that FNAC has more accuracy in predicting breast cancer than mammogram. Also, it was concluded that there is a significant association between FNAC and mammogram diagnosis.

Tru-Cut Needle Biopsy verses Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) for Early Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma in High Risk Women

Tru-Cut Needle Biopsy verses Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) for Early Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma in High Risk Women

Invasive lobular carcinoma of male breast: What we don't know-A report of 5 cases

Male breast carcinoma is a very rare malignancy. It mostly has invasive ductal histology while invasive lobular histology is exceptionally uncommon constituting no more than 1–2% of male breast cancer cases. Here we present five cases of invasive lobular breast carcinoma arising in male breasts which were diagnosed by histological examination. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the hormonal receptor status. Early diagnosis of breast carcinoma in males have prognostic implication in patients’ survival and show better response to hormonal therapy when it is reactive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Therefore it is mandatory for the pathologists to keep this rare condition in their minds while evaluating any case of male breast lump and to perform a vigorous search for any small focus of this tumour in circumstances of male breast lump including gynaecomastia. Majority of information regarding treatment of male breast cancer is retrospective in nature and is derived mainly from small single-institution series; thus, the choice of treatment modalities is generally guided by extrapolation of data from female breast cancer. Due to paucity of data and the extreme rarity, male breast carcinoma should be considered and managed as a distinct entity. The invasive lobular carcinoma perhaps with an added advantage for being reactive of hormonal receptors, which could be treated by adjuvant Tamoxifen. It is hoped that a long term multicentric studies will help us to know the prognostic implication of uncommon invasive lobular histology, as well as trials could be strategically designed to optimize the treatment.

Analiza uticaja stepena obrazovanja na pravovremenu dijagnozu karcinoma dojke kod žena

The prospective study, which ran from January 2010 to January 2015, included the respondents treated for breast carcinoma. The respondents were divided into 3 groups. The first, the A group (63 respopndents), consists of women with (not) completed elementary school. The second, group B (60 resppondents), consists of women who have secondary education, while the third, group C (33 respondents) make women with college or university degrees. The aim is to analyze the impact of the level of education on early diagnosis of breast carcinoma in women. The observed parameters are the age of respondents and the primary risk factors. Parameters for the comparison of the results were: the attitude of the respondents to breast tumors, history of the breast self-examination, breast ultrasound examinations, data on mammography, as well as information on the diameter of the tumor at the moment of the discovery. There was no statistical difference in attitude of respondents about breast tumors when it comes to fear and / or phobia of breast carcinoma. It is almost identical to the number of respondents who have no opinion on breast tumors. Concerning the attitude of respondents that there is no risk of breast carcinoma, if nobody in the family previously had breast carcinoma, then in terms of the attitude that they do not want "their breasts to be explored", as well as the attitude that "any breast examination does not help much", a statistical difference between the studied groups was found. It was found that breast self-examination is performed by most of the respondents, but that patients in group C do it more often. It has been shown that ultrasound and mammography are more often performed by patients in group C and this characteristic makes a significant statistical difference. In Group C, the tumor was detected in diameter to 2 cm which proved statistically different. One of the reasons for early detection of tumors (diameter to 2 cm) in group C may be better enlightenment or a higher level of education of this group.

Ultrasound in Early Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in the screening of breast carcinoma, in sorting out the patients for trepan biopsy, and to assess the correlation between ultrasound image and histological features of carcinoma.Material & Methods330 patients with suspicion for breast carcinoma after mammography were examined. Early (nonpalpable) carcinoma was diagnosed in 98 cases. Ultrasound examinations of breast and local lymph nodes were performed on Toshiba “Aplio” scanner. Trepan biopsy or ultrasound-guided FNAB was performed in all cases. We compared ultrasound images with histological findings.Results310 patients with ultrasound suspicion for breast carcinoma underwent trepan biopsy. Positive tests were observed in 279 cases (90%). No false positive results were registered. Ultrasound image was linked to the combination of morphological aspects, such as the condition of breast tissue, tumor size, tumor type (derived from lobular or ductal epithelium), the degree of malignancy, predominant histological type (solid, alveolar, trabecular, papillary etc.), invasion, calcinations, and metastasing. Ultrasound easily separated cystic and solid lesions. It revealed infiltrative changes in nodular and diffuse types of carcinoma including nonpalpable ones.ConclusionUltrasound decreases the number of false positive and false negative examinations at mammographic screening for breast carcinoma. It permits picking out the patients for trepan biopsy. PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in the screening of breast carcinoma, in sorting out the patients for trepan biopsy, and to assess the correlation between ultrasound image and histological features of carcinoma. To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in the screening of breast carcinoma, in sorting out the patients for trepan biopsy, and to assess the correlation between ultrasound image and histological features of carcinoma. Material & Methods330 patients with suspicion for breast carcinoma after mammography were examined. Early (nonpalpable) carcinoma was diagnosed in 98 cases. Ultrasound examinations of breast and local lymph nodes were performed on Toshiba “Aplio” scanner. Trepan biopsy or ultrasound-guided FNAB was performed in all cases. We compared ultrasound images with histological findings. 330 patients with suspicion for breast carcinoma after mammography were examined. Early (nonpalpable) carcinoma was diagnosed in 98 cases. Ultrasound examinations of breast and local lymph nodes were performed on Toshiba “Aplio” scanner. Trepan biopsy or ultrasound-guided FNAB was performed in all cases. We compared ultrasound images with histological findings. Results310 patients with ultrasound suspicion for breast carcinoma underwent trepan biopsy. Positive tests were observed in 279 cases (90%). No false positive results were registered. Ultrasound image was linked to the combination of morphological aspects, such as the condition of breast tissue, tumor size, tumor type (derived from lobular or ductal epithelium), the degree of malignancy, predominant histological type (solid, alveolar, trabecular, papillary etc.), invasion, calcinations, and metastasing. Ultrasound easily separated cystic and solid lesions. It revealed infiltrative changes in nodular and diffuse types of carcinoma including nonpalpable ones. 310 patients with ultrasound suspicion for breast carcinoma underwent trepan biopsy. Positive tests were observed in 279 cases (90%). No false positive results were registered. Ultrasound image was linked to the combination of morphological aspects, such as the condition of breast tissue, tumor size, tumor type (derived from lobular or ductal epithelium), the degree of malignancy, predominant histological type (solid, alveolar, trabecular, papillary etc.), invasion, calcinations, and metastasing. Ultrasound easily separated cystic and solid lesions. It revealed infiltrative changes in nodular and diffuse types of carcinoma including nonpalpable ones. ConclusionUltrasound decreases the number of false positive and false negative examinations at mammographic screening for breast carcinoma. It permits picking out the patients for trepan biopsy. Ultrasound decreases the number of false positive and false negative examinations at mammographic screening for breast carcinoma. It permits picking out the patients for trepan biopsy.

Image Enhancement by Microwave Double Irradiation for Early Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma

Image Enhancement by Microwave Double Irradiation for Early Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma

Autoantibodies to Tailor-Made Panels of Tumor-Associated Antigens in Breast Carcinoma

Autoantibodies (AAbs) to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified in the sera of cancer patients. In a previous review published in this journal, we have focused on recent knowledge related to circulating AAbs to individual TAAs in breast carcinoma. This review will focus on recent knowledge related to AAb assays to tailor-made panels of TAAs in breast carcinoma. So far, AAb assays to the following tailor-made panels of TAAs have been assessed in breast carcinoma: (1) p53, c-myc, HER2, NY-ESO-1, BRCA2, and MUC1, (2) IMP1, p62, Koc, p53, c-MYC, cyclin B1, and survivin, (3) PPIA, PRDX2, FKBP52, HSP-60, and MUC1, (4) MUC1, HER2, p53, and IGFBP2, (5) p53, HER2, IGFBP-2, and TOPO2α, (6) survivin and livin, (7) ASB-9, SERAC1, and RELT, and (8) p16, p53, and c-myc. Assessment of serum AAbs to a tailor-made panel of TAAs provides better sensitivity to diagnosis of breast carcinoma than measuring serum AAbs to a single TAA. Nevertheless, measurement of serum AAbs to a panel of TAAs for screening and early diagnosis of breast carcinoma is still investigational and should be carried out along with traditional diagnostic studies.

Application of tumor markers in nipple discharge in early diagnosis of breast carcinoma

Objective To study the clinical value of nipple discharge detection in the early diagnosis of breast cancer,CA153 ,CEA levels were measured both in nipple discharge and serum. Methods 153 consecutive patients with nipple discharge in Rizhao hospital were studied,among them there were 91 cases with breast cancer and 62 cases with benign disease. The nipple discharged and serum from the 153 cases with nipple discharged were collected and CA153, CEA levels were measured with electrochemiluminescence method. Results The CA153, CEA levels of nipple discharge in breast cancer were significantly higher than the control group(CA153:t =28.949,33.844;CEA:t = 19.773,16.623, all P ＜ 0.01). The positive rate of CA153, CEA in nipple discharge were significantly higher than in the serum (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The positive rate of CA153, CEA in nipple discharge were significantly higher than in the serum. The detection of CA153 ,CEA had important value in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Key words: Breast neoplasms; Fluids and secretions; CA153 antigen; Carcinoembryonic antigen

Autoantibodies to Tumor-Associated Antigens in Breast Carcinoma

Autoantibodies (AAbs) to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified in the circulation of patients with cancer. This paper will focus on recent knowledge related to circulating AAbs to TAAs in breast carcinoma. So far, the following TAAs have been identified to elicit circulating AAbs in breast carcinoma: p53, MUC-1, heat shock proteins (HSP-27, HSP-60, and HSP-90), HER2/neu/c-erb B2, GIPC-1, c-myc, c-myb, cancer-testis antigens (NY-ESO-1), BRCA1, BRCA2, endostatin, lipophilin B, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, fibulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), topoisomerase II alpha (TOPO2α), and cathepsin D. Measurement of serum AAbs to one specific TAA only is of little value for screening and early diagnosis of breast carcinoma; however, assessment of AAbs to a panel of TAAs may have promising diagnostic potential.

Follow-up of Abnormal Screening Mammography

Screening mammography facilitates the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma in women. Timely follow-up can optimize the diagnosis and treatment of women with abnormal screening test results. When test results reveal that additional studies are needed, no barriers should prohibit testing during the screening mammography visit.

Follow-up of abnormal screening mammography, number 272, May 2002

Screening mammography facilitates the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma in women. Timely follow-up can optimize the diagnosis and treatment of women with abnormal screening test results. When test results reveal that additional studies are needed, no barriers should prohibit testing during the screening mammography visit.

The influence of urbanization, age, ethnicity, and income on the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma: opportunity for screening improvement.

Because most risk factors for breast carcinoma are not readily amenable to primary prevention, and early diagnosis is a powerful prognostic determinant, screening for the disease is crucial. Consequently, assessment of the progress and comprehensiveness of screening and other breast carcinoma early detection activities is important. The relative frequency of early diagnosis may provide a useful indicator of such activities. Nationwide, time trends in the early diagnosis of breast carcinoma have been improving for decades, but not all population subgroups may have benefited equally. Using 1994-1997 data from the California Cancer Registry (CCR), a review of diagnostic patterns of in situ and local stage breast carcinoma was undertaken. For analytic purposes, the CCR includes 10 regional registries and 36 county reporting groups. Three early diagnostic measures were designated, including in situ breast carcinoma with tumor size < 10 mm in greatest dimension, in situ breast carcinoma, and localized breast carcinoma with tumor size < 21 mm in greatest dimension. These are referred to hereinafter as early diagnosis breast carcinomas. The percentage of early diagnosis breast carcinomas differed markedly by age, ethnicity, diagnosis year, and county of residence. Lower percentages of early diagnosis breast carcinomas were diagnosed in older women age >/= 85 years. Hispanic women were diagnosed with lower levels of in situ breast carcinoma. Hispanic and black women were diagnosed with less localized breast tumors of small size. There was an increase in the percentage of early diagnosis breast carcinomas over the 4-year observation period. Lower percentages of early diagnosis breast carcinomas were reported for the nonurban county/county groups, which were characterized by greater distances, lower population density, and lower household incomes. The authors conclude that elderly women, Hispanic and black women, and women who reside in nonurban areas should be targeted as high-priority subpopulations for mammographic screening.

Early Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma

Early Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma