Early Detection Of Risk Factors Research Articles

Age-related features of the main risk factors and clinical and laboratory parameters in men aged 30–50 years with atherothrombotic stroke

Introduction. Ischemic stroke in patients under 50 years of age is not uncommon. The prevalence of stroke in young people increases due to the increase in risk factors. Early detection of risk factors and optimization of primary and secondary preventive therapy are mandatory to reduce the burden of stroke in young people and preserve potential years of life.Objective. To identify and evaluate the main risk factors and clinical and laboratory parameters in men aged 31–40 and 41–50 years with atherothrombotic stroke.Material and methods. Before the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, 60 patients were examined (mean age 43.3±3.8 years). All patients underwent neuroimaging of the brain, ultrasound examination of the main vessels of the head, echocardiography, ECG, and laboratory analysis of blood serum.Results. Among all patients, there were 10 patients aged 31–40 years (mean age 37.4±2.6 years) and 50 patients aged 41–50 years (mean age 44.5±2.8 years). All patients had atherosclerotic lesions of the main arteries of the head, with stenosis of more than 70 % only in patients aged 41–50 years. Among patients aged 31–40 years and 41–50 years, the most common risk factors were arterial hypertension (90 and 72 %), smoking (70 and 72 %), dyslipidemia (66.7 and 60 %), and regular alcohol consumption (30 and 36 %). The study showed statistically significant correlations of the main vascular risk factors with serum lipid metabolism indices, hemostasis and endothelial dysfunction markers.Conclusions. The study showed the frequency of occurrence of the main risk factors in patients with atherothrombotic stroke aged 31–40 and 41–50 years, as well as the role of lipid metabolism disorders, hemostasis disorders and endothelial dysfunction in their development.

Generalised and visceral obesity metrics and ankle-brachial systolic blood pressures during pregnancy

Abstract Background Increased body mass index (BMI) (generalised obesity) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (visceral obesity) are associated differently with brachial and ankle blood pressures in the general population. Ankle blood pressures are associated with blood glucose in pregnancy. This study investigates the relationship between BMI and WHtR with the brachial and ankle blood pressures separately during pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women were recruited during antenatal visits at an antenatal clinic in Bradford Royal Infirmary, UK, and their BMI, waist circumference, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure were clinically measured by staff in the second trimester. Additionally, blood pressure readings from both arms (left and right brachial arteries) and ankles [dorsalis pedis artery (DP) and posterior tibial artery (PT) on both sides] were obtained using Doppler by research staff. Results A total of 179 women participated, with an average BMI of 28.5 Kg/m2 (SD = 4.97) and average WHtR of 0.61 (SD = 0.08). BMI exhibited a positive correlation with all blood pressure measurements (r = 0.165 to 0.419, p < 0.05), while WHtR demonstrated significant correlations only with the right brachial, left PT, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (r: 0.170 to 0.271, p < 0.05). Moreover, BMI significantly associated with all blood pressure measurements in linear regression models, after adjusting for various sociodemographic and other factors, whereas WHtR significantly predicted only right brachial and left PT and some of the other blood pressure measurements. Conclusions BMI, and to a lesser extent WHtR, are associated with both brachial and ankle blood pressure measurements during pregnancy. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing the varying impacts of cardiometabolic risk factors for early detection and management of potential complications in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Key messages • BMI & WHtR are associated differently with brachial and ankle blood pressures in pregnancy. • Further exploration of combined non-invasive measurements like BMI, WHtR, brachial, and ankle blood pressures in early pregnancy for gestational diabetes mellitus and other co-morbidities is needed.

Hubungan Risiko Kehamilan Berdasarkan Kartu Skor Poedji Rochjati (KSPR) dengan Persalinan Sectio Caesarea dan Morbiditas Perinatal di Wilayah Puskesmas Mojo Kabupaten Kediri

Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is still high, namely 177 per 100.000 live births. KSPR is a simple tool for early detection of risk factors in pregnant women. Pregnant women with high risk are more likely to experience complication during pregnancy and childbirth so that the possibility of caesarean delivery and perinata morbidity is igher. Complication during pregnancy and childbirth are also a factor in the high MMR. This study aims to determine the relationship between the risk of pregnant women based on the KSPR scoring results with caesarean section deliveries and perinatal morbidity. The research method uses observational analytic with retrospective data collection. The sample in this study were pregnant women who underwent ANC at the Mojo Health Center, Kediri Regency, from Januari to December 2021 who were included in the inclusion criteria and were determined using simple random sampling technique. Data collection trough secondary data in the form of register books, maternal cohorts, medical records, and data collection sheet. Research data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that the majority of respondents (54%) had high-risk pregnancies (KRT). The results of the statistical test between the risk of pregnancy and sectio caesarea delivery obtained p value = 0,022 and the results of the statistical test between the risk of pregnancy and perinatal morbidity obtained p value = 0,946. These data indicate that there is a significant relationship between the risk of pregnancy and caesarean delivery and there is no significant relationship between risk of pregnancy and perinatal morbidity.

The priority of organizational improvement of preventive vector in the system of intersectoral interaction for the preservation of children’s eye health

Background. The relevance of the study is due to a need to apply a comprehensive differentiated approach to the organization of preventive diagnostic examinations and monitoring the formation of visual functions in children of various ages in the difficult conditions of hostilities on the territory of our country. Children’s health remains a strategic task for the formation of Ukraine’s defense capabilities in the future. Full vision is necessary for the formation of a physically healthy and socially adapted personality, good quality of life, learning, working capacity, both in childhood and in working age. In difficult domestic conditions and taking into account the forecast calculations of international experts, which testify to the formed trends towards the growth of ophthalmic pathology, the research on the implementation of modern organizational approaches to the formation of healthy visual functions from childhood is gaining relevance. The purpose of the study was to justify the use of systemic measures of intersectoral interaction to preserve the eye health of children. Materials and methods. The materials for the study were the results of a sociological survey of doctors who provide medical and preventive care to children at outpatient and polyclinic basis (a total of 504 questionnaires were analyzed). The procedure of filling out the questionnaires required anonymity and the prior voluntary verbal consent of the doctors to participate in the study. The research methods were sociological survey, analytical synthetic, content analysis, systemic approach and systemic analysis, medical statistical (calculation of representativeness and reliability of sociological research results). Results. The need for justified organizational improvement in the preventive approach to preserving visual functions in children has been pro­ven. The algorithm of preventive intervention, based on organizational, diagnostic, treatment and preventive measures, is primarily focused on the cooperation of family doctors, family pediatricians, pediatric ophthalmologists and secondary medical staff of medical and educational institutions when introducing modern regular medical and preventive technologies, identifying risk factors and conducting effective supervision of the formation of visual functions in children of various ages, will contribute to the early detection of possible vision disorders for the timely implementation of the necessary treatment and preventive measures. Most interviewed doctors of the outpatient polyclinic level expressed the feasibility of introducing regular systemic supervision of visual functions in preschool and school-age children in the context of implementing state preventive programs to preserve vision from childhood in Ukraine. Conclusions. The medical and social importance of preserving eye health from childhood requires organizational improvement of a preventive approach whose introduction will contribute to the early detection of risk factors, early signs and manifestations, the implementation of the necessary medical and preventive measures, timely diagnosis, correction and treatment of diseases of the eye and its accessory parts in children. The obtained results open the prospect of establishing systemic intersectoral interaction in the planning and implementation of measures of comprehensive programs to prevent the development of ophthalmic pathology among children of various ages.

Healthy Status in the Gymnastic Community in West Bandulan, Sukun, Malang

Obesity is a risk factor for various degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Obesity and all degenerative diseases could be prevented by implementing a healthy lifestyle, early detection of risk factors for degenerative diseases, and increasing knowledge about degenerative diseases. Therefore, this service activity aimed to form a healthy community with a program for three consecutive months. Activities included healthy exercise once a week, degenerative disease risk factors screening, and health education. Activities were carried out every Sunday morning for three months located in Bandulan Barat, Sukun District, Malang City. This activity was attended by 40 non-menopausal women. Health screening included waist circumference, random blood glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Of the 40 women examined, 39 suffered from central obesity, 6 suffered from hypertension, 4 suspected diabetes mellitus, 5 suffered from hyperlipidemia, and 4 of them suffered from hyperuricemia. As an intervention, participants received education about healthy lifestyles and degenerative diseases, the treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and diabetes mellitus. From healthy screening, central obesity was the most prevalent in this women's community. Healthy exercise community activities with health screening, and health education could be effective strategies for promotive and preventive activities to prevent degenerative obesity.

Acute Kidney Injury after Liver Transplantation

Abstract Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment for terminal liver failure. Advances in immunosuppressive therapy and improvements in surgical techniques have improved patient survival in the post-transplant period. At the same time, however, the incidence of late complications is increasing, which has been contributed to by the broadening of the indication criteria in liver allocation. The most common complications include chronic kidney disease, the aetiology of which is multifactorial with a predominance of calcineurin inhibitor toxicity in the post-transplant period. The prevalence ranges from 30% to 90% depending on the definition used and the methodology used to measure renal function. Early detection of risk factors and early intervention lead to a significant improvement in the quality of life of recipients in the post-transplant period.

Digital sensors (non-invasive) for early detection of risk factors for recurrent stroke: A systematic review

Background Improving awareness in patients with stroke to detect risk factors of recurrent stroke has recently become a major challenge for all health professionals in preventing recurrence among stroke survivors. Utilization of advanced technology, such as digital sensors, (a non-invasive device) is among the breakthroughs in detecting the risk of disease and promotes more effective prevention and improves quality of care. This study aims to conduct a systematic review on studies addressing early detection of the risk factors of recurrent stroke through the utilization of digital sensors. Methods A literature search was carried out on articles published between 2011 - 2018 on EBSCO, Elsevier, Science Direct, ProQuest, Springer link, PubMed, MEDLINE, PLoS, and the Journal of Community Nursing. The search identified quantitative research studies on the utilization of digital sensors in cases of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and cardiac disorders that contributed to stroke recurrence. Each study’s bias was assessed using Review Manager 5. Results Ten articles were analyzed through data extraction. Robust assessment of independent risk factors which provoke recurrent stroke such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and heart diseases could lead to conservation of health resources. It is very important to monitor these factors. With the development of technology, the potential use of non-invasive monitoring for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and heart diseases as risk factors for recurrent stroke events is considered effective because it is easy, simple, low cost, sensitive, and does not cause additional suffering for patients. Conclusion A practical and non-invasive method for early detection and monitoring of risk factors may reduce the risk of stroke recurrence among stroke survivors.

Risk Factors of Cardiac Complications in Pregnant Women with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited genetic cardiac disease during pregnancy. Studies of risk factors are of great significance for maternal and fetal outcomes. The aim of the study was to identify predictive risk factors for cardiac complications in pregnant women with HCM. One hundred patients with HCM who delivered at the Shanghai obstetrical cardiology intensive care center between January 2000 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for cardiac complications. Twenty-one cases were obstructive HCM (21%), 16 with cardiac function grade I and 5 with grade II; 79 cases were non-obstructive HCM (79%), 67 with cardiac function grade I, 11 with grade II, and 1 with grade III. Ninety-one cases had abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) (91%), mainly with ST-T changes (77%). The average interventricular septum was 19.39 ± 6.13 mm by echocardiography (21.75 ± 5.86 mm for obstructive HCM and 18.73 ± 6.08 mm for non-obstructive HCM). The main cardiac complications were maternal death (n = 2, 2%), heart failure (n = 7, 7%), and sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia (n = 1, 1%). Cardiac complications occur commonly during the third trimester and postpartum period. Three independent risk factors to predict cardiac complications in pregnant women with HCM were obstructive HCM (P = 0.036), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ≥II (P = 0.022), and previous history of syncope (P = 0.037). HCM increases the risk of maternal death, heart failure, and malignant arrhythmia. More attention should be given to risk assessment and pregnancy management. Early detection of risk factors can reduce the incidence of maternal mortality and cardiac complications.

Il ritiro sociale in adolescenza: un nuovo modo di esprimere la sofferenza

Social withdrawal has recently been recognized by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (the Italian National Institute of Health) as one of the most common problems among adolescents in the post pandemic world, with an onset estimated between 11 and 13 years of age. Both the paediatrician’s office and the school are a primary observation point for the early identification of the problem. This article describes the possible manifestations of social withdrawal in adolescence, underlying risk factors and comorbidities (i.e. psychological vulnerability, difficulties in the relationship within and outside the family, internet addiction, anxious somatizations and neurodivergent condition), focusing on the role that the paediatrician can play in the early detection of risk factors and on the importance of a careful and informed approach to youth at risk. For the paediatrician, it is essential to establish a collaborative relationship with the parents and to be aware of the resources locally available to address the problem.

Placental Epigenome Impacts Fetal Development: Effects of Maternal Nutrients and Gut Microbiota.

Evidence is emerging on the role of maternal diet, gut microbiota, and other lifestyle factors in establishing lifelong health and disease, which are determined by transgenerationally inherited epigenetic modifications. Understanding epigenetic mechanisms may help identify novel biomarkers for gestation-related exposure, burden, or disease risk. Such biomarkers are essential for developing tools for the early detection of risk factors and exposure levels. It is necessary to establish an exposure threshold due to nutrient deficiencies or other environmental factors that can result in clinically relevant epigenetic alterations that modulate disease risks in the fetus. This narrative review summarizes the latest updates on the roles of maternal nutrients (n-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins) and gut microbiota on the placental epigenome and its impacts on fetal brain development. This review unravels the potential roles of the functional epigenome for targeted intervention to ensure optimal fetal brain development and its performance in later life.

Nursing Care in Intensive Care Unit of a Patient Infected With Balamuthia Mandrillaris After Renal Transplantation: A Case Report

An uncommon and dangerous disease with a fatality rate of more than 95% is caused by the amoeba known as Balamuthia mandrillaris. Here, we discuss the treatment of a patient who underwent a renal transplant and contracted the amoeba B. mandrillaris. The patient had a sudden onset of high fever on the 13th day after renal transplantation; on the morning of the 16th postoperative day, the patient's condition worsened and he was transferred to the ICU for treatment; on the 17th postoperative day, the patient was given mechanical ventilation; and on the 20th postoperative day, he underwent a lumbar large-pool puncture, combined with intrathecal injection of the administered medication. In order to prevent further deterioration of the patient's condition, the main aspects of care for this patient included close monitoring of changes in the patient's condition and early detection of risk factors; prompt emergency care for the patient's seizures; close monitoring of the efficacy and side effects of the patient's medication; and precise medication administration; improved hemodynamic monitoring while administering CRRT to the patient, as well as performing exercises on the patient's limb and respiratory functions. On the 32nd postoperative day, a tracheotomy is performed following thorough monitoring and care. The ventilator was turned off on postoperative day 34, and a venturi mask was installed for tracheotomy-cannula-based oxygen administration. On surgical day 40, the intrathecal injections halted and the lumbar pool drainage tube was removed. On postoperative day 46, the patient was stabilized and transferred from the intensive care unit to the organ transplant unit for extra care. This study strictly complied with the Helsinki Congress and the Istanbul Declaration regarding donor source.

PREVALENCE OF RISK FACTORS AND TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE CAUSED BY HYPERTENSION IN RESIDENTS OF THE ARAL SEA REGION OF UZBEKISTAN

Objective: Analysis of the results of screening the population over 40 years of age for early detection of risk factors and target organ damage caused by hypertension in real clinical practice of family clinics in the Aral Sea region. Design and method: The results of screening of 2430 respondents were analyzed according to the modified PEN WHO protocol, which 1020 people with blood pressure (BP) 140/90 mm Hg or more included in the study. The average age was 57.68±8.06 years, women 61.4%, men 38.6%. Additionally, we determined echocardiography, ultrasound examination of the brachiocephalic arteries, microalbuminuria, creatinine and uric acid in blood serum. Statistical data are presented as M±SD. Results: Among the patients with high BP, 24 (2.4%) were under 40 years old, 847 (81%) were aged 40-65 years, 169 (16.6%) were over 65 years old. Obesity was detected in 46.2% of patients, left ventricular hypertrophy in 96%, microalbuminuria in 76%, proteinuria in 21%, thickening of the intima-media of the common carotid artery >0.9 mm in 92% of the examined. It was revealed that low cardiovascular risk was 2 times more common among women compared to men: 11.3% versus 5.6% (χ2=8.990; p=0.003); almost 4 times fewer patients with coronary artery disease: 7.4% versus 28.9% (χ2=14.939; p=0.0001); there are no tobacco users or regular alcohol drinkers, whereas among men these risk factors were identified in 59.4% (χ2=178.848; p=0.0001) and 35% (χ2=82.238; p=0.0001), respectively. Hyperuricemia prevailed in men compared to women: 23.3% versus 6.4% (χ2=60.243; p=0.0001) but the incidence of type 2 diabetes is 2 times higher in women compared to men: 13.7% versus 7.4% (χ2=9.205; p=0.002) Conclusions: The study showed a wide distribution of CVD risk factors among the hypertensive population of the Aral Sea region and significant target organ damage caused by hypertension. Among hypertensive men, there was a significant prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use, a significantly frequent detection of coronary artery disease, and hyperuricemia compared to women; type 2 diabetes mellitus is significantly more frequently detected in the female population.

Description of non-communicable diseases and risk factors related to lifestyle among POSBINDU (Integrated Guidance Posts) participants in Yogyakarta in 2022

Non-communicable diseases are a public health problem and are a significant cause of death both in Indonesia and worldwide. These diseases cause a complication if not appropriately managed. Indonesian basic health research (Riskesdas) 2018 found that there was an increase in cases of non-communicable diseases compared to the previous research. One of the strategies used to control non-communicable diseases is by early detection of risk factors for non-communicable diseases through Posbindu activities. This research aims to describe the health status of participants of one Posbindu in 2022. This descriptive research uses secondary data from the results of examinations in 2022. The number of participants was 1,090 people consisting of 42.11% men and 57.89% women. The age range of the participants was 26-35 years with as many as 33.67%. Participants' highest education was undergraduate with as many as 50.09% and those with married status were 73.58%. Based on the Posbindu examination results, 578 people (53.03%) had central obesity, with 332 cases among female participants (57.44%). Posbindu participants with hypertension were 182 people where 119 of them were male (65.38%). Posbindu participants with diabetes mellitus were 30 people (2.75%), with the most cases in men, 21 (70%). Non-communicable diseases can affect anyone; the older you are, the more at risk you will get. One way to prevent non-communicable diseases is to control the risk factors such as smoking, lack of physical activity, excessive consumption of sugar and salt, and less consumption of vegetables and fruit. In the coming years, it is anticipated that further exploration will be undertaken, utilizing firsthand data collection methods, presenting findings descriptively, and employing inferential analysis techniques to draw meaningful conclusions.

Ethics of early detection of disease risk factors: A scoping review

BackgroundScientific and technological advancements in mapping and understanding the interrelated pathways through which biological and environmental exposures affect disease development create new possibilities for detecting disease risk factors. Early detection of such risk factors may help prevent disease onset or moderate the disease course, thereby decreasing associated disease burden, morbidity, and mortality. However, the ethical implications of screening for disease risk factors are unclear and the current literature provides a fragmented and case-by-case picture.MethodsTo identify key ethical considerations arising from the early detection of disease risk factors, we performed a systematic scoping review. The Scopus, Embase, and Philosopher’s Index databases were searched for peer-reviewed, academic records, which were included if they were written in English or Dutch and concerned the ethics of (1) early detection of (2) disease risk factors for (3) disease caused by environmental factors or gene-environment interactions. All records were reviewed independently by at least two researchers.ResultsAfter screening 2034 titles and abstracts, and 112 full papers, 55 articles were included in the thematic synthesis of the results. We identified eight common ethical themes: (1) Reliability and uncertainty in early detection, (2) autonomy, (3) privacy, (4) beneficence and non-maleficence, (5) downstream burdens on others, (6) responsibility, (7) justice, and (8) medicalization and conceptual disruption. We identified several gaps in the literature, including a relative scarcity of research on ethical considerations associated with environmental preventive health interventions, a dearth of practical suggestions on how to address expressed concerns about overestimating health capacities, and a lack of insights into preventing undue attribution of health responsibility to individuals.ConclusionsThe ethical concerns arising with the early detection of risk factors are often interrelated and complex. Comprehensive ethical analyses are needed that are better embedded in normative frameworks and also assess and weigh the expected benefits of early risk factor detection. Such research is necessary for developing and implementing responsible and fair preventive health policies.

Intervention of Nursing in the Family Functionality of Women Victims of Family Violence in an Area of Lima

Violence against women is any public health problem since it takes many forms in which the couple exercises power and control over it in a violent way, so the research objective is to determine the intervention of nursing in the family functionality of women victims of family violence in an area of Lima. It is a quantitative-descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a total population of 794 women, who answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects and the Faces IV instrument. In the results, 729 (82 %) women have somewhat connected family functionality and 65(8 %) a connected family functionality. In conclusion, home visits by health professionals should be taken into account for the early detection of risk factors that resemble violence against women in the home

Analysis of Age and Gravidity Factors with the Occurrence of Prolonged Parturition in the Midwifery Room of the Viqueque City District Hospital, Timor-Leste

Prolonged or obstructed labor constitutes 8% of the causes of maternal mortality globally and is also the cause of fetal death. One of the causes of prolonged labor is maternal age and gravidity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of age and adolescence with the incidence of prolonged labor in the midwifery room of the Viqueque City Hospital, Tomor Leste.This study used an analytical research design with a cross sectional approach. The population was all women who gave birth for a long time in the midwifery room of the Viqueque City Hospital, Timor Leste, which could be 30 people. The sampling technique used accidental sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire and observation sheet. The data analysis used Chi Square statistical test.The results showed that more than half of the respondents (66.7%) aged 20-35 years were 20 respondents and more than half (53.3%) were multigravidas as many as 16 respondents, more than half (60%) did not occur during prolonged labor, namely as many as 18 respondents.Based on the results of statistical tests using Chi Square calculations, it is not known that no one knows it is 0.002 <0.05 so it can be shown that there is a relationship between the incidence of prolonged labor.Women with higher parity are at higher risk of prolonged labor because the uterus has weakened the uterine wall muscles due to a previous pregnancy. The solution that needs to be done regarding the results of the above research is to enable health education about the causes and risk factors for the old party to the mother by health workers and early detection of risk factors for prolonged labor must be improved.

Early Detection and Control of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in the Aral Region: Experience of Uzbekistan.

To analyze the results of screening of the population older than 40 years for early detection of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in real clinical practice of family clinics in the Aral Sea region. The results of screening of the population older than 40 years were analyzed for a total of 2,430 respondents from family clinics of the district (Republic of Uzbekistan, Republic of Karakalpakstan, Ellikkala district) according to the modified WHO PEN protocol. 1,020 of the respondents with blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg were included in the study (mean age, 57.68±8.06 years; women, 61.4%; men, 38.6%). Additionally, the following parameters were determined: salt-taste threshold using the R. Henkin method, echocardiography, ultrasonography of the brachiocephalic arteries, blood lipid spectrum, microalbuminuria, serum creatinine and uric acid. Statistical data are presented as mean±SD. The prevalence of signs in the study group was assessed using the Pearson's chi-square test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Among the patients with elevated blood pressure included in the study, 24 (2.4%) were younger than 40 years, 847 (81%) were 40-65 years old, and 169 (16.6%) were older than 65 years. Low cardiovascular risk was twice more common among women compared to men: 11.3% vs. 5.6% (χ²=8.990; p=0.003); almost 75% fewer patients with ischemic heart disease, 7.4% vs. 28.9% (χ²=14.939; p=0.0001); however, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was twice higher, 13.7% vs. 7.4% (χ²=9.205; p=0.002); the female group had significantly fewer cases of postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PICS) (χ²=5.313; p=0.021). Among women, there were no tobacco users or regular alcohol drinkers whereas among men these risk factors were identified in 59.4% (χ²=178.848; p=0.0001) and 35% (χ²=82.238; p=0.0001), respectively. 85.6% of the respondents had a high salt-taste threshold, 96% had left ventricular hypertrophy, 76% had microalbuminuria, 21% had proteinuria, and 92% of both men and women had a common carotid artery intima-media thickening >0.9 mm. The study showed a broad prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the population of hypertensive patients in the Aral region, a high salt-taste threshold, and significant damages to target organs, which differed from other regions of Uzbekistan. Among hypertensive men, there was a significant prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use, and a significantly more frequent detection of ischemic heart disease, PICS and hyperuricemia compared to women; in the female population, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly greater.

Characterization of falls among older adults in primary health care in Ecuador

Introduction: in Ecuador, older adults or senior citizens are considered to be those over 65 years of age, in whom a high number of falls have been observed, causing a significant rate of morbidity and mortality in recent years. The increase in the frequency of falls in older adults contributes directly to an increase in injuries and medical conditions.Methodology: the present research was conducted under a quantitative approach using the PRISMA method, which allows for the characterization of falls among older adults in primary health care based on numerical data, as well as obtaining perceptions and risk factors present in a specific population, employing a literature search across multiple databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, among others.Results: through exhaustive research, it was determined that falls can have origins in both internal and external factors, resulting in physiological, psychological, and social changes in older adults.Conclusions: among the main causes involved in falls among older adults are the use of psychotropic medications, alcoholism, age, as well as muscle weakness, recurrent falls, visual and auditory deficits. Early detection of risk factors associated with falls in older adults allows for early and targeted intervention, which can help reduce the incidence of falls and their negative consequences

Women Wellness: A Mental Health Perspective on Pregnancy

Post-partum depression (PPD) is estimated to occur to approximately 10 to 20 percent of mothers. Hormonal changes, situational risks and external stressors can contribute to the onset of PPD. Research suggests maternal mental health disorders have shown to not only affect the mother’s overall wellbeing but also the development of the fetus. However, there is still an immense gap between the prevalence of women with mental disorders and those who access mental health services. Given the vulnerability of this population and severe consequences, more emphasis should be placed in programs and treatments to increase maternal wellbeing. Findings suggests, early detection of risk factors, education on mental health, and early psychological treatment are vital factors in helping this population.Although, there is current evidence addressing the effectiveness of proper screening. There is still a lack of research on the access of mental health services, effectiveness on various types of psychological treatments and means to implement such services in maternal health care settings.

The trends of dynamics and characteristics of structure of population ovary cancer disability in the Chechen Republic

The article presents the results of analysis of issue of disability because of ovarian cancer in female population of the Chechen Republic. The object of study was total number of women, for the first time and repeatedly recognized as disabled ones. The analysis was applied to three age groups (the young, the middle aged and the elderly) in 2014-2020. It is established that dynamics of disability was characterized by negative trends of increasing of number of the disabled. The clear-cut age differentiation was revealed:the elderly disabled predominated. The study established that the disabled suffer of persistent malfunction of blood circulation system and of immune system that resulted in such life activity limitations as moving, self-service and work functions. The characteristics of structure of ovarian cancer disability according its severity were established. The disabled with second group of disability prevailed in all age groups. At that, percentage of women with first group of disability was higher in the middle-aged disabled. The results of the study testify actuality of optimization of onco-gynecological screening of female population for the purpose of early detection of risk factors and diagnosis of malignant process at initial stages of development. This is rational way to organ-preserving treatment and medical and social prevention of primary ovarian cancer disability. The results of the study can consider as scientific practical base for both targeted routing of preventive and therapeutic and rehabilitation measures.