Early Depressive Symptoms Research Articles

Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with esketamine improves early depressive symptoms in patients with postherpetic neuralgia: a single-center retrospective cohort study

ObjectivePatients with Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) often exhibit depressive-like symptoms, significantly impacting their quality of life. Esketamine, known for its analgesic properties, has also been recognized for its rapid antidepressant effects. However, its efficacy in the treatment of PHN requires further exploration. This study aims to evaluate the impact of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia(PICA) with esketamine on depressive mood in PHN patients.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed PHN patients hospitalized and treated at the affiliated hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2021 to March 2023. Patients were divided into the esketamine group (E group) and the sufentanil group (S group) based on their treatment regimens. Primary outcomes included pain numerical rating scale(NRS), depression patient health questionaire-9(PHQ-9), and anxiety generalized anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7) scores measured before treatment, and at 3 days, 7 days, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months post-treatment.ResultsA total of 83 patients were included in the analysis. Before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in pain NRS, depression PHQ-9, and anxiety GAD-7 scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared to before treatment, significant reductions in pain NRS scores were observed at all post-treatment time points in both groups (P < 0.05), with no differences between groups (P > 0.05). The E group exhibited significantly lower depression PHQ-9 scores than the S group at 3 days and 7 days post-treatment (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months (P > 0.05). Anxiety GAD-7 scores were significantly lower in the E group compared to the S group at 3 days, 7 days post-treatment (P < 0.05), with no statistical differences at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months post-treatment (P > 0.05).ConclusionBoth PICA with esketamine and sufentanil alleviated pain equally in PHN patients. However, PICA with esketamine specifically improved early symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Prevalence of Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms among Orthopaedic Post-Trauma Patients in Hospital Tuanku Jaafar Seremban (HTJS).

Post-trauma patients are at risk of developing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression. The primary goal of this study is to estimate the prevalence of PTSD and depression symptoms in patients who have been hospitalised for the treatment of physical trauma. Additionally, we wanted to compare the prevalence of PTSD or depression symptoms alone versus PTSD associated with depression symptoms, in orthopaedic post-trauma patients. This study had involved orthopaedic post-trauma patients in the orthopaedic ward and clinic of Hospital Tuanku Jaafar (HTJ), Seremban, Malaysia, using an online questionnaire, which consist of English and Malay language. We then determined the prevalence of depression and PTSD symptoms in orthopaedic post-trauma patients and compared this prevalence to the severity of the injuries sustained and any association between PTSD and depression symptoms. Only 12.9% of the participants are likely to have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and 43.3% of participants have depression symptoms. There is no significant association between patient demographics and severity of the injuries with the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms. However, of those deemed likely to have PTSD, 93.5% of them had both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as well as depressive symptoms. Only a few of the participants are likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) while almost half of the participants are likely to have developed depression. Physicians caring for trauma patients should screen them for early symptoms of PTSD and depression and treat them accordingly.

Long-term effects of the school context on depressive symptoms among Asian Americans.

Despite the importance of the school environment for mental health outcomes, there is little research on how the school context during adolescence may impact depressive symptoms among Asian Americans (AAs) over time. The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) the long-term effects of perceived prejudice from peers and teachers on school belonging and depressive symptoms in adolescence, early young adulthood, and young adulthood among AAs and (b) the mediating effects of school belonging and two early depressive symptoms on the associations between perceived prejudice from peers and teachers and young adulthood depressive symptoms. The data came from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. The present study used a subsample of 689 AAs who completed interviews during adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. The major data analysis strategy was structural equation modeling. The structural equation modeling results indicated that the major path coefficients from school context to depressive symptoms at the three time points for AAs were statistically significant, except for the path from adolescent depressive symptoms to young adulthood depressive symptoms. There were three significant mediating effects of school belonging and two early depressive symptoms on the association between perceived prejudice from teachers and young adulthood depressive symptoms in AAs. The results emphasize the importance of identifying school contextual risk factors leading to mental health disparities and developing culturally appropriate intervention strategies for AAs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Predictors of early adulthood insomnia following exposure to a single mass violence attack during adolescence: 7–13 year follow-up from the Utøya and HUNT studies

ABSTRACT Background: The long-term impact of mass violence attacks is practically unknown, especially in children and adolescents. In a previous study, we found that 8.5 years after a terror attack targeting mainly adolescents, nearly half of the survivors met diagnostic criteria for insomnia. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate: (1) whether exposure to a single mass violence event during adolescence increases the risk of insomnia almost a decade later above that expected for a non-exposed population; and (2) whether prior interpersonal violence exposure and early post-traumatic reactions predict later insomnia. Method: Participants were survivors of the 2011 Utøya Island terrorist attack (n = 279) and controls from the HUNT Norwegian general population study (n = 35,664). Early adulthood insomnia was assessed using four items from the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire 8.5 years after the attack. Participants who had also completed earlier data collection waves for both studies (n = 116 and 2382, respectively) were included in logistic regression models testing the associations between predictors during adolescence and later insomnia. Results: Nearly a decade after the Utøya attack, 38.4% (n = 56) of the survivors reported symptoms of insomnia indicative of probable insomnia compared to 20.5% (n = 5771) of controls. Terror exposure during adolescence was a significant predictor of later insomnia [odds ratio (OR) = 3.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.05–4.87, p < .001]. Early post-trauma symptoms of anxiety and depression (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.02–1.76, p = .033) and weekly headaches (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.08–2.47, p = .018) were also significant predictors while controlling for background factors and other predictors. Conclusion: Long-term assessment and treatment are needed for survivors of mass violence to improve resilience and recovery.

Systematic review: early detection of post stroke depression symptoms

The importance of early detection of early symptoms of post-stroke depression (PSD) is to prevent psychosocial problems in stroke patients. Post-stroke depression is an abnormal psychological symptom in someone who has suffered a stroke. PSD is a complication of stroke with a prevalence of 9-60% which is characterized by mood abnormalities, self-blame, sadness and depression. PSD can hinder the recovery of neurological function and daily activities of stroke patients, thus making the condition of stroke sufferers worse. The aim of the research is for early detection of PSD symptoms and PSD intervention. Method: systematic review using the literature search method with systematic reviews (PRISMA) as the standard for conducting systematic reviews. Article searches were carried out in electronic databases such as Science Direct, Pubmed and Proquest, Google Scholar using the keywords Depression, Diagnosis, Intervention and stroke. The criteria for selected articles are 1) published in 2019-2023 2) full text 3) articles in English and Indonesian. Articles were selected according to the criteria and a total of 6 articles out of 5312 articles were obtained with PRISMA. This research found that there are many types of instruments for early detection of post-stroke depression symptoms and appropriate intervention according to the level of depression. The high prevalence of PSD is due to the care giver not detecting early symptoms of depression, which worsens the condition of stroke sufferers. Most stroke patients experience severe depression. The researcher's suggestion is that there is a need for a program to provide education to stroke patients and their families in recognizing the early signs and symptoms of PSD, so that they can prevent the occurrence of depression in both clinical and community settings.

Self-Hisbah Among Married Women Towards The Early Symptoms Of Depression

Abstract Self-hisbah is based on al-amr bi al-maaruf wa al-nahy an al-munkar, which is the ability to expand one’s potential to evaluate oneself by emphasizing the emotion and changes in behavior that creates awareness of good virtues and live following the essence of Sharia. The process of self-hisbah is relevant to the empowerment of oneself especially for women with early symptoms of depression while they are struggling to reach happiness and reverence to God. To prevent early symptoms of depression from getting worse, self-hisbah among married women should be emphasized to shape self-empowerment. Self-hisbah of married women are observed through six constructs which is called muhasabat al-nafs. It is to emotionally support married women while dealing with conflicts in their marriage based on Islamic insights and strong inner spirits following the fitra and needs in Islam. The six constructs are known as musyaratah (agreement of the heart), muraqabah (behavioral observation), muhasabah (practicing self-reflection), muaqabah (spiritual supplementary), mujahadah (spiritual struggle) and muatabah (affirmation of the soul). Results of the qualitative case studies showed self-hisbah plays a vital role in helping married women with early symptoms of depression. It also becomes an agent in handling wider social issues and spiritual struggles. Hence, self-hisbah can be considered a tool in preventing conflicts in marriage.

Longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms and cognitive function after stroke: A cross-lagged panel design

ObjectiveStroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability. This study aimed to investigate the temporal and directional relationships between post-stroke depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment using a cross-lagged panel design. Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment are two common post-stroke complications. However, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear despite their close relationship. Therefore, elucidating the causal relationship between these two issues is of great clinical significance for improving the poor prognosis of stroke. MethodsThis study employed a hospital-based multicenter prospective cohort design. A total of 610 patients with ischemic stroke were eligible. Depressive symptoms (measured using the seventeen-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression) and cognitive function (measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were assessed at baseline and the 12-month follow-up. Spearman's correlation was used to examine the correlation between cognitive function and depressive symptoms. Additionally, a cross-lagged panel analysis was employed to elucidate the causal relationship between these factors after adjusting for potential covariates. ResultsThe results of a four-iteration cross-lagged panel analysis substantiated a bidirectional relationship between post-stroke depressive symptoms and cognitive function over time. Specifically, higher scores for early depressive symptoms were associated with lower scores for later cognitive function; additionally, higher baseline cognitive function scores were associated with lower depressive symptom scores at a later point. ConclusionThis study establishes a reciprocally causal long-term relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function after an ischemic stroke. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving cognitive function and ameliorating depressive symptoms may positively affect both cognition and mood.Trial registration: ChiCTR-ROC-17013993.

Association between depression and blood pressure in community-dwelling older adults: focus on Bushehr elderly health (BEH) program.

Depression and increased blood pressure are significant burdens in elderly care. This study was conducted to discover the association between hypertension (HTN) and depression based on data obtained from the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program in a large population of Iranian elderly in Bushehr, southern Iran. This study was carried out based on data obtained from the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program in a large population of Iranian elderly in Bushehr, a southern city in Iran. 2419 old adults were included in the study through multi-stage random sampling. Depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and blood pressure was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Statistical analysis was conducted via chai-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and univariate and multivariate linear regression tests. The mean age of participants was 69.95 ± 6.95 years. The prevalence of depression was 23.8%. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased with increasing PHQ score (B=-0.001; 95%CI: -0.00 to -0.00, P-value = 0.011). In the final model adjusted for confounding variables, no significant association was found between depression score and DBP (B=-0.00; 95%CI: -0.00 to 0.00, P = 0.13). Conversely, in the final model, which included the confounding variable, SBP was significantly associated with depression. It was deduced that a variable acted as a negative confounder in this association; in a way that with increased depression score, SBP significantly decreased (B=-0.00; 95% CI: -0.00 to -0.00, P = 0.04). Depression and its related medications could be significantly associated with controlled SBP. Health practitioners in primary health care centers must monitor the elderly inflicted with HTN for early symptoms of depression to help maintain blood pressure levels using medicinal and non-medicinal interventions.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized: A Scoping Review of Associations of Marijuana and Depression.

People with addiction to marijuana and those who have ever consumed marijuana at any time during their life suffer from depression at some point in their life. Depression has been associated with substance use as both a trigger and repercussion. A total of 3663 articles were analyzed, and 26 articles were collectively selected for this study. Consuming marijuana was linked to the development of depression in the majority of individuals. Marijuana consumption and its repercussions have both been connected to negative effects on the body, such as respiratory disorders and even psychological disorders, including stress and depressive disorders. Studies potentially point to a complicated causal relationship between marijuana consumption and depressive disorder, stating that early depressive symptoms enable marijuana usage, which then reduces depression. A research article clearly states that consuming marijuana can be helpful in elevating mood and anxiolytic initially, but it is subsequently followed by a rise in depressive symptoms, which manifest as mental distress and frustration. Discussions with patients about the extent of their marijuana consumption, techniques for reducing the use, and the impact of marijuana on depression may be beneficial in medical facilities where depressive disorder is treated. This research paper highlights the importance of understanding depression and the use of marijuana for temporary relief from depressive symptoms and its long-term consequences on mental health.

Factors associated with maternal depressive symptoms up to 25 years after childbirth: A longitudinal prospective cohort study

AbstractDepression is one of the most common mental disorders among women and previous depression increases the risk for new episodes. Little is known about which factors are associated with maintained or recurrent depression in women, and studies with longer follow‐up time, 20 years or more, are scarce. Thus, the aim of the study was to identify factors associated with repeated self‐reports of depressive symptoms. The hypothesis was that factors such as young age at childbirth, divorce, unemployment, low social support, prior depression, or experience of stressful life events would increase the risk of repeatedly reporting depressive symptoms. The South East Sweden Birth Cohort study is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study. Out of the 1694 mothers enrolled at baseline, 649 participated in the 25‐year follow‐up. A total of 450 mothers participated in all three follow‐ups. The mothers reported symptoms of depression using validated instruments at 3 months (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), 12 years (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items), and 25 years postchildbirth (Patient Health Questionnaire). Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the odds ratios of having depressive symptoms, whereas multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate independent factors' association with the number of episodes with depressive symptoms. High life stress around pregnancy and childbirth and earlier depressive symptoms were associated with depressive symptoms at the 25‐year follow‐up. Similarly, high life stress around pregnancy and childbirth and the experience of divorce were associated with repeated self‐reports of depressive symptoms. Stressful life events are important predictors of depressive symptoms and repeated episodes of depressive symptoms from the postnatal period until 25 years later. Moreover, previous depressive symptoms increase the risk for subsequent episodes. The results further stress the importance of identifying mothers experiencing depressive symptoms postpartum to enable treatment and early intervention.

Detecting depression tendency with multimodal features

Background and Objective: Depression can severely impact physical and mental health and may even harm society. Therefore, detecting the early symptoms of depression and treating them on time is critical. The widespread use of social media has led individuals with depressive tendencies to express their emotions on social platforms, share their painful experiences, and seek support and help. Therefore, the massive available amounts of social platform data provide the possibility of identifying depressive tendencies.Methods: This paper proposes a neural network hybrid model MTDD to achieve this goal. Analysis of the content of users’ posts on social platforms has facilitated constructing a post-level method to detect depressive tendencies in individuals. Compared with existing methods, the MTDD model uses the following innovative methods: First, this model is based on social platform data, which is objective and accurate, can be obtained at a low cost, and is easy to operate. The model can avoid the influence of subjective factors in the depressive tendency detection method based on consultation with mental health experts. In other words, it can avoid the problem of undisclosed and imperfect data in depressive tendency detection. Second, the MTDD model is based on a deep neural network hybrid model, combining the advantages of CNN and BiLSTM networks and avoiding the problem of poor generalization ability in a single model for depression tendency recognition. Third, the MTDD model is based on multimodal features for learning the vector representation of depression-prone text, including text features, semantic features, and domain knowledge, making the model more robust.Results: Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our MTDD model detects users who may have a depressive tendency with a 95% F1 value and obtained SOTA results.Conclusions: Our MTDD model can detect depressive users on social media platforms more effectively, providing the possibility for early diagnosis and timely treatment of depression. The experiment proves that our MTDD model outperforms many of the latest depressive tendency detection models.

Developmental trajectories of anger and sadness dysregulation in childhood differentially predict later borderline symptoms.

Difficulties with emotion regulation are integral to borderline personality disorder (BPD) and its hypothesized developmental pathway. Here, we prospectively assess trajectories of emotion processing across childhood, how BPD symptoms impact these trajectories, and whether developmental changes are transdiagnostic or specific to BPD, as major depressive (MDD) and conduct disorders (CD) are also characterized by emotion regulation difficulties. This study included 187 children enriched for those with early symptoms of depression and disruptive behaviors from a longitudinal study. We created multilevel models of multiple components of emotional processing from mean ages 9.05 to 18.55 years, and assessed the effect of late adolescent BPD, MDD, and CD symptoms on these trajectories. Linear trajectories of coping with sadness and anger, and quadratic trajectories of dysregulated expressions of sadness and anger were transdiagnostic, but also exhibited independent relationships with BPD symptoms. Only inhibition of sadness was related to BPD symptoms. The quadratic trajectories of poor emotional awareness and emotional reluctance were also independently related to BPD. Findings support examining separable components of emotion processing across development as potential precursors to BPD, underscoring the importance of understanding these trajectories as not only a marker of potential risk but also potential targets for prevention and intervention.

Early depressive symptoms and disability accrual in Multiple Sclerosis: a UK MS Register study

Understanding the associations and potential drivers of long-term disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is of clinical and prognostic value. Previous data have suggested a link between depression and disability accrual in MS. We aimed to determine whether depression in early MS predicts subsequent accrual of disability. Using data from the UK MS Register, we identified individuals with and without symptoms of depression and anxiety close to disease onset. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate whether early depressive or anxiety symptoms predict subsequent physical disability worsening, measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We analysed data from 862 people with MS of whom 134 (15.5%) reached an EDSS of ≥ 6.0. Early depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of reaching an EDSS of 6.0 (HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.49–3.95, p < 0.001), however this effect dissipated when adjusting for baseline EDSS (HR 1.40, 95% CI 0.84–2.32, p = 0.2). These data suggest that early depressive symptoms in MS are associated with subsequent disability accrual, but are likely the result of disability rather than its cause.

The Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Network of Prenatal Depression.

Neuro-immune pathways are engaged in antenatal and postpartum depression. To determine if immune profiles influence the severity of prenatal depression above and beyond the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and current psychological stressors. Using the Bio-Plex Pro human cytokine 27-plex test kit, we assayed M1 macrophage, T helper (Th)-1, Th-2, Th-17, growth factor, chemokine, and T cell growth immune profiles as well as indicators of the immune inflammatory response system (IRS) and compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS) in 120 pregnant females in the early (<16 weeks) and late (>24 weeks) pregnancy. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess severity of antenatal depression. Cluster analyses showed that the combined effects of ACE, relationship dissatisfaction, unwanted pregnancy, PMS, and upregulated M1, Th-1, Th-2, and IRS immune profiles and the ensuing early depressive symptoms shape a stress-immune-depression phenotypic class. Elevated IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17, and GM-CSF are the cytokines associated with this phenotypic class. All immune profiles (except CIRS) were significantly associated with the early EPDS score, independent of the effects of psychological variables and PMS. There was a shift in immune profiles from early to late pregnancy, with an increase in the IRS/CIRS ratio. The late EPDS score was predicted by the early EPDS score, adverse experiences, and immune profiles, mainly the Th-2 and Th-17 phenotypes. Activated immune phenotypes contribute to early and late perinatal depressive symptoms above and beyond the effects of psychological stressors and PMS.

Early Depressive Symptoms Predict Faster Dementia Progression in Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer's Disease.

Depression is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and age of onset of cognitive decline in autosomal dominant AD, and to determine possible factors associated to early depressive symptoms in this population. We conducted a retrospective study to identify depressive symptoms among 190 presenilin 1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation carriers, subjected to comprehensive clinical evaluations in up to a 20-year longitudinal follow-up. We controlled for the following potential confounders: APOE, sex, hypothyroidism, education, marital status, residence, tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse. PSEN1 E280A carriers with depressive symptoms before mild cognitive impairment (MCI) develop dementia faster than E280A carriers without depressive symptoms (Hazard Ratio, HR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.15-3.31). Not having a stable partner accelerated the onset of MCI (HR = 1.60; 95 % CI, 1.03-2.47) and dementia (HR = 1.68; 95 % CI, 1.09-2.60). E280A carriers with controlled hypothyroidism had later age of onset of depressive symptoms (HR = 0.48; 95 % CI, 0.25-0.92), dementia (HR = 0.43; 95 % CI, 0.21-0.84), and death (HR = 0.35; 95 % CI, 0.13-0.95). APOEɛ2 significantly affected AD progression in all stages. APOE polymorphisms were not associate to depressive symptoms. Women had a higher frequency and developed earlier depressive symptoms than men throughout the illness (HR = 1.63; 95 % CI, 1.14-2.32). Depressive symptoms accelerated progress and faster cognitive decline of autosomal dominant AD. Not having a stable partner and factors associated with early depressive symptoms (e.g., in females and individuals with untreated hypothyroidism), could impact prognosis, burden, and costs.

Major depressive disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases consisting of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are found to have a substantial societal burden, increased healthcare costs, and progressive disability. Studies suggest that patients with vs without comorbid depression have a more significant disability, a lower likelihood of remission, and reduced adherence to therapy. Elevated interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 contribute to developing depression by the impaired physiological responses to stress, resulting in increased pain, fever, fatigue, and lack thereof of interest, and thus poor long-term outcomes. This study emphasizes the timely recognition of the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with RA and IBD combined, thus preventing disability. To identify the prevalence level and temporal trends of depression in hospitalized IBD-RA patients. All adult hospitalized patients from January 2000 to December 2019 in the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) were captured. The study population included all patients with a primary or secondary IBD-RA overlap disease using corresponding international classification of diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes. IBD includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The study population was divided into IBD-RA without MDD (controls) and IBD-RA with MDD (cases). For group comparison between MDD vs no MDD, we used Student's t-test for continuous variables and Rao-Scott Chi-square tests for categorical variables. For univariate analyses, we used logistic regression, and for multivariate analysis, we used a weighted multi-level mixed-effects model. We attested all hypotheses with two-tailed significance level of 0.05 (P < 0.05 was considered significant). The outcome is to examine the temporal trends and prevalence of depression in patients with IBD-RA by gender, race, and age. A total of 133315 records were identified with IBD-RA overlap, of which 26155 patients (19.62%) had MDD. Among the IBD-RA patients, those who had MDD were younger [mean age of 56 years (SD ± 15)] to IBD-RA without MDD patients with a P < 0.0001, more females (80% among cases vs 73% among controls) than males with a P < 0.0001, frequent in the white race (79% among cases vs 73% among controls) than black race. Over the 19 years, the number of patients with MDD in IBD-RA increased from 153 (the year 2000) to 2880 (the year 2019) in weighted NIS, representing a 1782% increase compared to the year 2000 with a P < 0.001. Factors associated with higher MDD included younger age, female gender, white race, alcohol, opioids, esophageal disorders, peptic ulcer disease, chronic pancreatitis, paralysis, dementia, menopausal disorders, obesity, nutritional deficiencies, diabetes mellitus with chronic complications, and osteoarthritis. There is a rise in the prevalence of depression in younger patients with IBD-RA combined compared to their counterparts. These patients are also at higher risk for the increased cost of care and poor treatment compliance. It is crucial to educate the involved clinicians to identify the early signs and symptoms of depression in patients with IBD or RA or IBD-RA combined and treat them to have a better overall prognosis.

Machine learning models for predicting risk of depression in Korean college students: Identifying family and individual factors.

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses among college students worldwide. Using the family triad dataset, this study investigated machine learning (ML) models to predict the risk of depression in college students and identify important family and individual factors. This study predicted college students at risk of depression and identified significant family and individual factors in 171 family data (171 fathers, mothers, and college students). The prediction accuracy of three ML models, sparse logistic regression (SLR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), was compared. The three ML models showed excellent prediction capabilities. The RF model showed the best performance. It revealed five significant factors responsible for depression: self-perceived mental health of college students, neuroticism, fearful-avoidant attachment, family cohesion, and mother's depression. Additionally, the logistic regression model identified five factors responsible for depression: the severity of cancer in the father, the severity of respiratory diseases in the mother, the self-perceived mental health of college students, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. These findings demonstrated the ability of ML models to accurately predict the risk of depression and identify family and individual factors related to depression among Korean college students. With recent developments and ML applications, our study can improve intelligent mental healthcare systems to detect early depressive symptoms and increase access to mental health services.

The relationship between prematurity and maternal mental health during the first postpartum year

Studies concerning the effect of a premature birth on maternal mental health suggest symptoms of depression and anxiety are more prevalent in mothers of premature infants compared to mothers of term infants. However, most studies investigating depressive symptoms only relate to a few months postpartum, whilst no anxiety measures used have been postpartum-specific. Additionally, symptoms of anxiety and depression in mothers of extremely premature infants (<28 weeks’ gestation) are relatively understudied. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early gestational age and symptoms of anxiety and depression, with a secondary emphasis on mothers of extremely premature infants. 225 mothers of infants aged between birth and 12 months completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale via an online questionnaire. Hierarchical regression models revealed that gestational age was associated with postpartum specific anxieties and was differentially associated with subscales of the PSAS. Furthermore, mothers of extremely premature infants experience specific subscales in the PSAS to a higher extent than mothers of term infants. There was no association between prematurity and depressive symptoms. These findings demonstrate the need for specific, targeted interventions for mothers of premature infants.

Children's neural reactivity to maternal praise and criticism: Associations with early depressive symptoms and maternal depression.

Caregiving experiences are implicated in children's depression risk; however, children's neural reactivity to positive and negative feedback from mothers, a potential mediator of depression risk, is poorly understood. In a sample of 81 children (Mage = 11.12 years, SDage = 0.63), some of whom were recruited based on a maternal history of depression (n = 29), we used fMRI to characterize children's neural responses to maternal praise and criticism. Maternal history of depression was unrelated to children's brain activity during both the praise and criticism conditions; however, ROI analyses showed that children's self-reported depressive symptoms were negatively associated with functional activity in the left anterior insula and right putamen while hearing maternal criticism. Whole-brain analyses showed that children's depressive symptoms were positively associated with left inferior frontal gyrus activity while listening to maternal praise. These findings complement past work implicating these brain regions in the processing of emotionally salient stimuli, reward processing, and internal speech. Given associations between early depressive symptoms and later disorder, findings suggest that maladaptive neural processing of maternal feedback may contribute to children's early emerging risk for depression.

Expert system for depression detection in teenagers

Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, think, and act. Fortunately, it is treatable. Depression causes sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to various emotional and physical problems and decrease a person’s ability to function at work and home. Teenagers often experience this disorder because their emotions are still unstable. They also don’t have many chances to consult with a psychologist and doctor. Through this research, an expert system was created that implements knowledge from experts related to depression so that teenagers can do a self-test when needed. The expert system was developed using the Certainty Factor method for the knowledge inference engine. The system was tested iteratively and could achieve similar results with a domain expert. We hope that the system can detect early symptoms of depression among teenagers and minimize the negative impact it may cause.