Early Cultivation Research Articles

Analysis of Developmental Factors Determining Yield and Its Application to Yield Prediction and Culture Improvement of Lowland Rice : L III. Developmental differences of young panicles in different maturing rice-varieties as affected by the time of cultivation and a method for identifying the developmental stages

Further experiments were conducted with a view of clarifyillg the developmental differences of young panicles in different maturing varieties as affected by the time of cultivation and of establishing a method for identifying the developmental stages which can hold true in any circumstances. 1) Effects of early cultivation on hastening the time of first bract differentiation (which is the initiation of ear-primordium formation) are more remarkable in early varieties than in late varieties. Therefore, the larger varietal differences are found in the date of initiation of ear-primordia when rice-plants are transplanted the earlier. 2) The number of days required from the time of transplanting to the stage of the first bract differentiation as well as that required from the first bract differentiation to the heading are small in early varieties and large in late varieties, and in any variety, moreover, both the number of days are the larger in the earlier cultivation. From this fact it is confirmed that the number of days required from the initiation of ear-primordium formation to the heading, which has been hitherto considered to be nearly constant in general, varies considerably with the variety and cultiVation time. And it has been also made clear that the differences in number of days required from the initiation of ear-primordia to the heading due to different varieties and different cultivation times can be ascribed to the differences in the total number of leaves emerging on the main culm and the varietal differences in the photoperiodic and thermic sensitivities of the plant. 3) As the results of examinig the method for identifying each developmental stage which should hold true in any circumstances, it has been proved that a corrected "foliar age index"can satisfactorily be used. (c.f. Bull. Natio. Inst. Agr. Sci. Series A 5) The corrected "foliar age index"(Y) is calculated by the following formula, taking 16 in the total number of leaves on the main culm as a standard. Y=y+(1OO-y)×16-χ/10 Where y is indicating the "foliar age index"at a given stage, χis the total number of leaves on the main culm of a given variety used, which is fairly constant as a varietal character under a given cultural condition. By the way, "the foliar age index"is represented by the percentage ratio of the number of leaves which have actually emerged on the main culm by a given time to the total number of leaves to be expected by the time of heading on the main culm

Studies on the growth habit of Wheat varieties. 3. Relation of thermo-effect and photoperiodism with the growth of the young : ears of plants sown in early autumn.

The authors carried out the experiment mainly to solve the relationships existing between the growth habit and young ear development in early cultivation, sown under (normal conditons) and long day conditioned plots, same relation was observed between the plots of early as described in report 2.J. Breeding 8, 1958) The results obtained show that the development of the young ear controlled by the genes belonging to the growth habit. Varieties having P gene affecting both growth habit and development of the young ear seem to be thermolabile and the varieties having T gene affecting the growth habit and development of the young ear seem to be photolabile. The results obtained are briefly summarized as follows :

Stadies on the characteistics of rice seedlings in early cultivation

In early cultivation, rice seedlinge-var. Norin No. 17 and var. Tomoemasari were grown under conditions by different sowing dates, nursery periods and transplanting dates, and the relation of their morohorogical charaters to the growth and yield inpaddy field were examined. This investigation was carried out from 1955 to 1957. Cenerally, the growth of seedlings were quickend in the years favoured by higher by higher temperature, and greater rate of dry weight to fresh weight was obtained in the years favoured by sufficient linensity. The seedlings developing the 4∼5 th leaf were found to be most suitable for transplanting. They showed quick rooting and vigorous growth soon after traushlanting, although their later growth as well as grain yield were not remarkably affected.

Celtic fields and farms on Dartmoor, in the light of recent excavations at Kestor

The granite upland of Dartmoor has attracted settlers coming into the south-west of Britain from the early Bronze Age (Beaker phase) onwards. The long outline of the moor is visible from the South Devon coast, which with its series of good harbours invites intrusion. The navigable lower reaches of the south-flowing rivers—the Plym, Yealm, Erme, Avon, Dart and Teign—and the ridgeways along their watersheds provide convenient thoroughfares across the intervening coastal belt, the South Hams and the hinterland of Torbay, as far as the foot of the main escarpment. Above this steep ascent, where the granite overlies the Devonian rock formations, and where the rivers run in deep wooded gorges, the moorland mass forms a rolling tableland (1000-1400 feet high), broken only by the profile of the numerous upland valleys or by the fantastic eroded outlines of the tors. It is in this zone (light shading, fig. 1) that the evidence for most of the prehistoric settlement and early cultivation is to be found. Between 1400 and 1500 feet, the ground rises markedly again to the uninhabited northern heights (Yestor 2039 feet) and the southern heights (Ryder's Hill 1692 feet), in which the rivers have their sources and which are now blanketed in peat bog (dark shading, fig. 1). The heights apart, Dartmoor contains a broad tract of elevated open country, well-watered grass and heather moor, ideally suited to sustain a primitive pastoral economy. In many places on the marginal slopes and in the upland valleys a sufficient depth of sandy soil has accumulated on top of the rock to make arable cultivation possible; at present, cultivation ceases at about 1000 feet, which is the normal tres line.

早期栽培稲に於ける三化螟虫の発生が普通栽培に及ぼす影響

早期栽培稲に於ける三化螟虫の発生が普通栽培に及ぼす影響

History of the Tomato

A SHOUT paper on “The Evolution of the Cultivated Tomato” by Dr. L. C. Luckwill (J. Roy. Hort. Soc., 68, Pt. 1 ; January 1943) shows that only one of the six species of the genus Lycopersicum is cultivated, though several wild kinds have supplied parentage for improvement by hybridization. Most primitive forms belong to the sub-species Galeni of Lycopersicum esculentum, and a good deal of improvement by selection was probably done, by the natives of South America. The plant was first cultivated in Europe on the coastal plains of Spain and Portugal about 1535 A.D., spreading via Italy and Holland to Great Britain. This early cultivation yielded irregular, fasciated fruits, which were the typical produce until more than three centuries later. The change to a regular fruit is thought to have arisen as the result of a reverse mutation from the recessive to the dominant condition. Suggested lines for future improvement are the attainment of hybrid vigour (heterosis) by the crossing of well-chosen parents.

Early cultivation of the potato in Lancashire

Early cultivation of the potato in Lancashire

Early cultivation of the potato in Lancashire

Early cultivation of the potato in Lancashire Get access Arthur J. Hawkes Arthur J. Hawkes 1Central Public Library, Wigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 179, Issue 23, 7 December 1940, Pages 402–403, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/179.23.402 Published: 07 December 1940

Early cultivation of the potato in Lancashire

Early cultivation of the potato in Lancashire Get access A. J. H. A. J. H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 179, Issue 23, 7 December 1940, Page 403, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/179.23.403a Published: 07 December 1940

Early Cultivation of the Potato in Lancashire

Early Cultivation of the Potato in Lancashire

SOY BEAN (VEGETABLE) MILK IN INFANT FEEDING

While the use of the soy bean (Glycine hispida) as a source of human food is comparatively new in this country, it has, for many centuries, occupied a prominent place in the dietary of the Orient. In China it represents a large part of the food consumption, and in Japan, Korea, Indo-China, Siam, the Philippines, the Dutch Indies and India it has been extensively used for many years. A product of early cultivation in China, its use dates back to the beginning of China's agricultural age under the Emperor Shen Nung. It is mentioned in the ancient Materia Medica (Ben Tsao Gang Mu) written in 2838 B. C. Although the Chinese consume but small quantities of meat and dairy products, they have been able to elaborate well balanced, adequate diets by the use of the soy bean. The importance of this food in the Chinese dietary is further emphasized in

Observations on the Distribution of Hibernating Oriental Fruit Worms12

The efficiency of early spring cultivation and the peach tree borer paradichlorobenzene treatment in oriental fruit worm control is dependent upon the distribution of the surviving hibernating population on and about the tree. Examinations of ten trees in southern Indiana indicate that this distribution is extremely variable and subject to such factors as variety, ripening date, amount of rough bark on the tree, debris on the ground, and winter mortality. Elbertas were found to have 100 per cent of their hibernating larvae on the tree, Krummels averaged 85.6 per cent, Fleener Clings 20 per cent, and White Heath Clings 18.6 per cent. Small bits of weed stems held more hibernating larvae than anything else under the trees. In 1929–1930 less than one per cent of the larvae hibernating above the snow line survived parasitism and low temperatures. Cultivation and the paradichlorobenzene treatment under such climatic conditions should be effective as partial oriental fruit worm controls. Under normal Indiana conditions, however, they appear useless when applied to early ripening varieties or to any variety when much of the trunk is covered with rough bark.

Ancient Cultivations at Housesteads, Northumberland

The Roman Fort of Borcovicium at Housesteads in Northumberland should need no introduction to anyone interested in archaeology. During the last year it has been brought into great prominence by being presented to the Nation by Mr John Maurice Clayton, and through its close proximity to the portion of Hadrian’s Wall recently threatened by quarrying operations.The fort at Housesteads was one of the earliest to be examined by British antiquaries, but although it has received so much attention its environs have been almost entirely disregarded. On both sides of the Military Way leading out of the west gateway was an extensive civil settlement, and traces of buildings can be seen on the south side of the fort. The hillside sloping to the southward is covered with the remains of early cultivations. These have generally been accepted as of Romano-British age. There are, however, two distinct systems of early cultivation. To the southwest of the fort there is a series of terraces running along the hillside, but on the southeast of the fort there are lynchets running north and south at regular interva up and down the hillside. From the hill to the south of Housesteads it can be clearly seen that where there is terrace cultivation it has been superimposed on the earlier system of lynchets, and this is also shown in air photographs.

Starting the small physics laboratory

. . The days of old, when lamps were rubbed, wands waved, or formulas uttered to bring things springing into complete existence, must have been wonderful for physics teachers. If palaces could be built by this magic, why not laboratories? Unconsciously, you have harbored such a conception of the laboratory, for in the university you waved a magic card with your name on it, and apparatus came forth from a seemingly inexhaustible store. Bottles which you emptied were mysteriously full the next hour; you were as comfortable as the widow of Zarephath, whose barrel of meal wasted not and whose cruse of oil did not fail. Like Philemon and Baucis, whose pitcher of milk ever flowed, you hardly knew whom to thank for the supply. You now realize with a shock that laboratories do not happen; they grow. Your letter shows that you are fully aware of the foolishness of trying to teach physics without experiments. No laboratory, no physics, is your slogan. May I offer some suggestions for the planting and early cultivation of a young physics laboratory?

Oenothera lamarckiana: Its Early Cultivation and Description

Oenothera lamarckiana: Its Early Cultivation and Description

XII. A letter from Dr. Ducarel, F. R. S. and F. S. A. to William Watson, M. D. F. R. S. upon the early cultivation of botany in England; and some particulars about John Tradescant, a great promoter of that science, as well as natural history, in the last century, and gardener to King Charles I.

Sir, Your love for botany, and your great knowledge in that science, will, I hope, be a sufficient apology for laying before you some observations which have occurred to me on that subject.