Early Communication Research Articles

The Use of Gadgets on Ethics of Early Childhood Communication From the Perspective of the Qur'an

The Use of Gadgets on Ethics of Early Childhood Communication From the Perspective of the Qur'an

Endangered cultural heritage in the Russia–Ukraine war: comparing and critiquing interventions by international cultural heritage organizations

ABSTRACT Cultural heritage in Ukraine is presently endangered. As Russia’s war against the country continues, Ukrainian cultural heritage has been damaged, destroyed, and remains at risk. Interventions into the war initiated by the international cultural heritage community commenced with the issuance of formal public statements regarding the war and its implications. This article reviews the statements by some of the world’s leading cultural heritage organizations, specifically the International Council on Archives (ICA), the International Council of Museums (ICOM), the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Twin objectives are offered: first, establishing an overview of the international cultural heritage community’s early communications regarding the war; and second, comparing and critiquing these public pronouncements and implications for Ukrainian cultural heritage. Ultimately, a joint contemporary and historical snapshot situating the international cultural heritage community within the war’s early stages is presented.

Regional perspectives on the coordination and delivery of paediatric end-of-life care in the UK: a qualitative study

BackgroundProvision of and access to paediatric end-of-life care is inequitable, but previous research on this area has focused on perspectives of health professionals in specific settings or children with specific conditions.This qualitative study aimed to explore regional perspectives of the successes, and challenges to the equitable coordination and delivery of end-of-life care for children in the UK. The study provides an overarching perspective on the challenges of delivering and coordinating end-of-life care for children in the UK, and the impact of these on health professionals and organisations. Previous research has not highlighted the successes in the sector, such as the formal and informal coordination of care between different services and sectors. MethodsSemi-structured interviews with Chairs of the regional Palliative Care Networks across the UK. Chairs or co-Chairs (n = 19) of 15/16 Networks were interviewed between October-December 2021. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. ResultsThree main themes were identified: one standalone theme (“Communication during end-of-life care”); and two overarching themes (“Getting end-of-life services and staff in the right place”, with two themes: “Access to, and staffing of end-of-life care” and “Inconsistent and insufficient funding for end-of-life care services”; and “Linking up healthcare provision”, with three sub-themes: “Coordination successes”, “Role of the networks”, and “Coordination challenges”). Good end-of-life care was facilitated through collaborative and network approaches to service provision, and effective communication with families. The implementation of 24/7 advice lines and the formalisation of joint-working arrangements were highlighted as a way to address the current challenges in the specialism. ConclusionsFindings demonstrate how informal and formal relationships between organisations and individuals, enabled early communication with families, and collaborative working with specialist services. Formalising these could increase knowledge and awareness of end of life care, improve staff confidence, and overall improve professionals’ experiences of delivering care, and families’ experiences of receiving it. There are considerable positives that come from collaborative working between different organisations and sectors, and care could be improved if these approaches are funded and formalised. There needs to be consistent funding for paediatric palliative care and there is a clear need for education and training to improve staff knowledge and confidence.

Retracted: Influence of Family Sports Games on the Development of Early Communication Skills in Autistic Children.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/2621476.].

Long-Term Effects of Early Communication Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Early language and communication interventions for children with language impairments have been shown to be effective in assessments administered immediately after treatment. The purpose of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the overall durability of those effects over time and whether durability was related to outcome type, etiology of child language impairments, implementer of intervention, magnitude of posttest effects, time between intervention and follow-up, and study risk of bias. We conducted a systematic search of online databases and reference lists to identify experimental and quasi-experimental group design studies. All studies tested the effects of early communication interventions at least 3 months post-intervention. Participants were children 0-5 years old with language impairments. Coders identified study features and rated methodological quality indicators for all studies. Effect sizes at long-term timepoints and associations with potential moderators were estimated using multilevel meta-analysis with robust variance estimation. Twenty studies with 129 long-term outcome effect sizes met inclusion criteria. Studies included children with developmental language disorders or language impairment associated with autism. The overall average effect size was small and significant (g = .22, p = .002). Effect size estimates were larger for prelinguistic outcomes (g = .36, p < .001) than for linguistic outcomes (g = .14, p = .101). Significant factors were the posttest effect sizes, the risk of bias for randomized trials, and etiology of language impairment for linguistic outcomes. Time post-intervention did not significantly predict long-term effect sizes. Outcomes of early language and communication interventions appear to persist for at least several months post-intervention. More research is needed with collection and evaluation of long-term outcomes, a focus on measurement, and consistency of primary study reporting. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23589648.

Adaptation and validation of the European Portuguese Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales Developmental Profile™ (CSBS DP™) Infant-Toddler Checklist.

As delays or disorders in early language and communication are the most prevalent symptom in children with disabilities, early screening is crucial to promote prevention, early diagnosis, and intervention. However, to the best of our knowledge, no screening tool is available for the joint assessment of early language and social communication skills in European Portuguese (EP)-learning children, which is critical for screening, monitoring and enrolment in appropriate early intervention services. (1) To adapt and validate the EP version of the Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales Developmental Profile™ (CSBS DP™) Infant-Toddler Checklist, a parental report for the screening of early language and social communication skills. (2) To conduct a cross-cultural comparison between the EP adaptation and the original US version. A total of 611 EP-learning children (ages 6-24 months) were assessed on the CSBS DP Infant-Toddler Checklist. Normative data, psychometric characteristics (i.e., internal consistency and test-retest reliability), and cross-cultural comparison between the EP and the original version were explored. Internal consistency ranged from good to excellent and the test-retest reliability was excellent. The performance of the EP and US samples matched on almost all scores. However, EP children performed significantly better than their American peers in the Social compositive at 22 months and in the Symbolic composite at 20 months. No further differences were found. These findings showed that the EP CSBS DP Infant-Toddler Checklist seems to be a reliable screening tool of communicative and symbolic behaviours for EP-learning children, which can be particularly relevant for decision-making in clinical practice. What is already known on the subject Early communication skills are known to be related to later language outcomes. Thus, screening tools for the early identification of children at risk for language and communication impairments, which may lead to monitoring and early intervention, have the potential to promote better outcomes. However, to the best of our knowledge, no screening tool is available for the assessment of early communication abilities in EP-learning children. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study adapted and validated the EP CSBS DP Infant-Toddler Checklist, the first published parental report checklist for the assessment of early communication skills in EP. It described the psychometric characteristics of the adapted checklist, summarized the newly available normative data for EP-learning infants and toddlers, and compared the performance of EP-learning children with the original standardization sample reported for American English. The results demonstrated that this tool is a reliable instrument for the early screening of language, communicative and symbolic behaviours for EP-learning children between 6 and 24 months of age. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Given that early screening is crucial to promote prevention, early diagnosis and intervention, the availability of this tool is particularly relevant for children monitoring and their enrolment in appropriate early intervention services, helping decision-making in clinical practice, in line with current guidelines regarding early monitoring and intervention to promote and support better outcomes. Thus, the tool and related normative data will be useful for paediatricians, family doctors, primary healthcare providers, developmental psychologists and speech-language therapists, among other professionals in the healthcare and educational fields, concerned with speech, language, and communication development and impairments.

Causes of hearing loss and implantation age in a cohort of Danish pediatric cochlear implant recipients.

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common birth disorder. The cause of SNHL is heterogeneous and varies in different populations. Understanding the causes of a hearing loss (HL) predict the outcome of cochlear implantation and is of great importance in understanding the mechanism of the disease and in providing the best treatment. Undiagnosed and untreated HL has a profound effect on the acquisition of early communication skills, speech, language, academic, emotional, and psychosocial development in children. To determine the cause of HL and implantation age in pediatric cochlear implant (CI) users in a Danish population. Data of 100 children (54 females and 46 males), age 0-17 years, was analyzed. All of the children were implanted during 2020-2022. Hereditary HL was diagnosed in 44 cases (44%), with pathogenic variants in the SLC26A4 gene found in 14 cases (14%). Syndromic HL was diagnosed in 23 children (23%). Non-syndromic HL was diagnosed in 21 children (21%), where the most common genetic variation was found in the GJB2 gene. Acquired prenatal and postnatal sensory disorders TORCH risk factors were associated with HL in 25 cases (25%). Congenital CMV DNA was diagnosed in 23 samples (23%). The cause of the HL remained unknown for 31 (31%) children. In 70 (70%) of the participants the HL was diagnosed at time of newborn hearing screening (NHS). Twenty-three of the children were diagnosed with congenital severe to profound bilateral HL and were simultaneously implanted between 8 and 14 months (mean age 10.5 months). In the remaining 47 cases, the HL was progressive and the children were implanted when the HL reached the criteria for implantation. In the current study, the major causes of HL were alterations in the SLC26A4 gene: 13% with Pendred syndrome and 1% non-syndromic. Thirty-one (31%) had HL of unknown origin and almost half of these cases had inner ear malformations (n=16).

Early social communication through music: State of the art and future perspectives

A growing body of research shows that the universal capacity for music perception and production emerges early in development. Possibly building on this predisposition, caregivers around the world often communicate with infants using songs or speech entailing song-like characteristics. This suggests that music might be one of the earliest developing and most accessible forms of interpersonal communication, providing a platform for studying early communicative behavior. However, little research has examined music in truly communicative contexts. The current work aims to facilitate the development of experimental approaches that rely on dynamic and naturalistic social interactions. We first review two longstanding lines of research that examine musical interactions by focusing either on the caregiver or the infant. These include defining the acoustic and non-acoustic features that characterize infant-directed (ID) music, as well as behavioral and neurophysiological research examining infants’ processing of musical timing and pitch. Next, we review recent studies looking at early musical interactions holistically. This research focuses on how caregivers and infants interact using music to achieve co-regulation, mutual engagement, and increase affiliation and prosocial behavior. We conclude by discussing methodological, technological, and analytical advances that might empower a comprehensive study of musical communication in early childhood.

"It just depends": Parent, teacher, and expert conceptualization of social communication in young autistic children.

Improving social communication is often one goal during early autism services. However, researchers do not yet know whether their ideas about which social communication skills should be targeted during services for young autistic children are the same as the goals of autism community members, such as parents, teachers, and expert clinicians. This study used focus groups (meetings of small groups of community members) to ask people from these groups about what aspects of social communication are most important to support in young autistic children. A total of 43 people participated in these focus groups. These groups included parents (three groups; 21 people), teachers (two groups; 8 people), and experts in early social communication and autism (two groups; 14 people). Focus group participants talked about several aspects of social communication that were already familiar to the research team, such as problems with expressive communication, language understanding, and social interaction. However, participants also talked about several parts of social communication that were less familiar to the research team and had usually not been mentioned in previous research. These included (1) considering the value of unusual forms of communication, (2) taking context and setting into account when considering social communication, and (3) how communication and emotion regulation impact one another. The information from these focus groups will be helpful to making sure that researchers and clinicians focus their social communication supports on areas that are most important to parents and teachers.

Assessing the Utility, Impact, and Adoption Challenges of an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Prescription Advisory Tool for Type 2 Diabetes Management: Qualitative Study.

The clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a significant challenge due to the constantly evolving clinical practice guidelines and growing array of drug classes available. Evidence suggests that artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have proven to be effective in assisting clinicians with informed decision-making. Despite the merits of AI-driven CDSSs, a significant research gap exists concerning the early-stage implementation and adoption of AI-enabled CDSSs in T2DM management. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of clinicians on the use and impact of the AI-enabled Prescription Advisory (APA) tool, developed using a multi-institution diabetes registry and implemented in specialist endocrinology clinics, and the challenges to its adoption and application. We conducted focus group discussions using a semistructured interview guide with purposively selected endocrinologists from a tertiary hospital. The focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were thematically analyzed. A total of 13 clinicians participated in 4 focus group discussions. Our findings suggest that the APA tool offered several useful features to assist clinicians in effectively managing T2DM. Specifically, clinicians viewed the AI-generated medication alterations as a good knowledge resource in supporting the clinician's decision-making on drug modifications at the point of care, particularly for patients with comorbidities. The complication risk prediction was seen as positively impacting patient care by facilitating early doctor-patient communication and initiating prompt clinical responses. However, the interpretability of the risk scores, concerns about overreliance and automation bias, and issues surrounding accountability and liability hindered the adoption of the APA tool in clinical practice. Although the APA tool holds great potential as a valuable resource for improving patient care, further efforts are required to address clinicians' concerns and improve the tool's acceptance and applicability in relevant contexts.

Comparing the benefits of parent–infant flute and singing groups for communication and parenting: A feasibility study

There is growing evidence highlighting benefits of musical exposure and participation on several aspects of development and parenting. Aiming to establish a rigorous protocol allowing researchers to study different types of musical interactions and their benefits on the development of early communication, the present study explored parents’ experiences of musically engaging with their infants in different types of music groups. Twenty-five infants and their parents were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) singing, (2) flute playing, or (3) control group. Music sessions were held weekly for 14 weeks and were followed by the home use of the recorded routines specific of each group, for further 3 months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the experimental groups’ participants, and pre/post quantitative developmental measures were collected from all groups, to assess participants’ compliance. Qualitative analyses of the interviews revealed both shared themes, (communication enhancement, enjoyment, and regulation); and unique themes (creativity and freedom in the flute group; familiarity and responsiveness in the singing group). The feasibility study was successful in establishing a workable protocol to use in RCT longitudinal interventions aiming to examine how specific aspects of the musical experience might differentially support developmental outcomes, in parent–infant groups.

The Effect of Early Mathematical Ability and Mathematical Communication Ability on Mathematical Problem Solving Ability

This study aims to look at the relationship between early math skills and mathematical communication skills on students' math problem solving abilities. The population in this study amounted to 151 students and a sample of 110 students was taken using the slovin formula. This research uses quantitative methods. The research data was collected through a research instrument in the form of a written test, then processed and analyzed using path analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that (1) there is a relationship between early mathematical ability and mathematical problem solving ability; (2) there is a relationship between mathematical communication skills and mathematical problem solving abilities;

Early Communication Indicator: An analysis with three Portuguese toddlers

Professionals need efficient tools in early childhood communication development to identify infants and toddlers who are at risk of communication disorders or language delays. In Portugal, this project was carried out to respond to these needs due to a lack of these resources and a high prevalence of children at risk for communication problems at early ages. This paper describes the first steps to adapt the Early Communication Indicator (ECI) for the Portuguese population. The ECI is a play-based expressive communication measure for infants and toddlers aged 6 to 42 months. The ECI was originally developed in the U.S. and was designed for use by service providers to provide information about growth in communication, to help in intervention decision making, and to be administered in any language. This paper analyzes the ECI results of three Portuguese children in relation to their communication progression, based on a one-year longitudinal study. The ECI was administered when children were 17, 24, and 30 months of age. The ECI results showed that two of the children follow the typical progression of communication acquisition, with acquisition of earlier prelinguistic skills preceding growth in spoken language. The ECI results for the other child showed a very different and slower progression in the communication skills. The data obtained provided just an initial demonstration of the use of the ECI with Portuguese children. More research is needed into the development of the ECI in the Portuguese context, such as the development of a nationally representative, normative sample. Therefore, a discussion of what is needed in research and practice to advance this project is provided.

Research on Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator Based on Phononic Crystal

Abstract With the continuous advancement of information technology and the rapid development of mobile communication technology, from smart home to automatic driving of cars, and then to the application and development of virtual reality, communication technology has evolved from the earliest communication between people to communication between things. The frequency band supported by smart phones and various small mobile terminals is increasing, and their communication frequency is also gradually increasing, which brings some challenges to the traditional RF front-end devices. The traditional RF filter can not meet the current market demand because of its own performance and size constraints. As the best option to integrate with RF circuit or microwave circuit, bulk acoustic wave filter has great development and application prospects in modern RF communication system. This paper will focus on the solid-state assembled resonators based on one-dimensional and two-dimensional phononic crystals, analyze the influence and change law of the performance of bulk acoustic wave devices based on two-dimensional phononic crystals, then explore the main loss mechanism existing in solid-state assembled devices, and propose improvement schemes, which lays a foundation for the application of solid-state assembled resonators in today’s RF front-end.

Unmasking the masquerade: the diagnosis and management of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

The diagnosis and management of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) is often challenging. This literature review was done to investigate available data on PNES to make recommendations for its management. To research relevant data on the diagnosis and challenges in the management of PNES. The methodology involved a systematic review of relevant studies and review articles by leading authorities in PNES, using the databases of MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and PubMed. Out of an eventual 211 screened, 15 were selected based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. Concepts such as 'psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, diagnosis, and management' were searched with the key term, 'PNES'. An analysis of 15 articles was undertaken, and the focus was mainly on the diagnostic criterion and the management approaches adopted in the different studies. The results indicated that many of the studies consistently required video EEG (vEEG) as confirmatory tests for the establishment of PNES, in keeping with the staged approach to diagnosis set by the Nonepileptic Seizure Task Force of Epilepsy. Recent studies emphasised early communication and healthy rapport between patients and providers of care in conveying a diagnosis. Pilot studies on the pharmacological and psychological treatments for PNES were promising. The unmasking of the masquerade of PNES is challenging for clinicians in primary and tertiary care. Raising awareness of the condition reduces the burden on health care. Definitive guidelines and more control trials are required. Provocative measures to establish the diagnosis are limited. The feasibility of using the tilt table as a provocative measure is discussed.

Teachers Conception about Early Childhood Learners Adoption of 21st Century Skills in Central Punjab

Teachers' views on early childhood learners' 21st-century skills adoption are examined in this study. Education for the 21st century promotes student engagement and prepares them for a global, linked society. The study population was primary school teachers. The researcher randomly sampled two hundred fifty elementary school instructors—a questionnaire collected data for the study. Frequency, percentage, mean score, and standard deviation were used to achieve the study's goal. Most respondents said the classroom helped pupils communicate, according to the report. In contrast, most students said they support classroom punishment for learning. The institute improves early learners' communication and classroom motivation. Students follow the class routine and support classroom discipline because they feel safe and comfortable. The results suggest using the unified national curriculum at the preschool level to help young children develop 21st-century skills.

Exploring how a YouTube channel’s political stance is associated with early COVID-19 communication on YouTube

ABSTRACT The unexpected chaos of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a host of political discussions in the US, including conversations about the Trump administration’s COVID-related policies. During these conversations, major news outlets represented each political group’s stance using social media in addition to their traditional channels. This study explores how those news outlets’ political stances relate to early COVID-19 social media discourse with three distinct methods. We selected two YouTube videos about the World Health Organization (WHO)’s declaration of a pandemic from two news outlets with contrasting political stances, Fox News and MSNBC. Three types of analyses were conducted to compare those videos on different observation levels: (1) a video network analysis based on the YouTube recommendation algorithm, (2) a framing analysis exploring how differently the two news outlets delivered the news, and (3) a content analysis of viewer comments. Our results demonstrate that the videos were not directly connected to each other in the YouTube recommendation network, that they delivered the same news with contrasting frames, and that characteristics of the viewers’ comments – commenters’ political positions, roles in knowledge sharing, and social cues – significantly or partially significantly related to the YouTube channel’s political position. Based on these findings, we argue that while news outlets’ political stances were associated with the behaviors of all three types of agents on YouTube – news outlets, their viewers, and the platform – to some extent, the viewer groups’ knowledge-sharing behaviors did not significantly differ as the news outlets’ contrasting frames did.

1788-PUB: Using the Lived Experience of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Clinical Care to Improve Diabetes Management through Use of Technology

Introduction: Whilst treatment algorithms direct care, less is known about the lived experience of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Design thinking methods were applied to describe the lived experience of 16 patients with T2D, the care they receive, and the potential for technology to support care. Patients used design probes to document how diabetes influences their experiences at home and work, and while shopping and socialising - all used to inform a semi-structured workshop. Eight healthcare professionals took part in a semi-structured workshop exploring the lived experience of delivering care. Results: Thematic analyses of design probes and workshops revealed that the lived experience of T2D and associated care are disconnected. Patients describe awareness and importance of managing their behaviours, while also recognizing the complexity of managing/changing behaviours at home and work, and while shopping or socialising. Care teams emphasised the importance of patient behaviour, but reported lacking the skills and tools to influence patient behaviour change during brief consultations. Patients and care teams reported the importance of early communication, education, and behavioural change, but expressed a lack of opportunity, particularly early in their diagnosis. Care teams described a knowledge-implementation gap (knowing what needs to be done but lacking time and resources to do it). Focus is on medications rather than lifestyle treatment approaches, including diet. Both groups were positive about using technology to bridge this gap but emphasised the importance of evidence-informed resource, ease of use and implementation. Conclusions: The lived experience of T2D and its care are disconnected. Patients and care teams articulate this gap, despite education and support being a core element of diabetes care. Patients and care teams were positive about the potential use of technology, but emphasised ease of use and implementation. Disclosure L.C.Taylor: Employee; Changing Health Ltd, Other Relationship; Abbott Diabetes. L.Avery: None. L.Corner: None. S.Sulo: Employee; Abbott. R.Rueda: Employee; Abbott Nutrition, Stock/Shareholder; Abbott Nutrition. M.Trenell: Other Relationship; Abbott Diabetes, Stock/Shareholder; Changing Health Ltd. Funding Abbott Nutrition (Aversa)

The Scientific Wanderjahr of Vilnius Astronomer Andrew Strzecki in 1777–1778

Abstract: In 1777–1778, astronomer Andrew Strzecki (Polish Andrzej Strzecki, Lithuanian Andrius Streckis, 1737–1797) from Vilnius went on a scientific journey to Western Europe, visiting Vienna, Paris, London, and some other cities. This article aims to investigate and describe the motives, chronology, itinerary, and outcomes of this journey, and to evaluate the importance of this event for the science history of Vilnius and Europe. The research is based on an analysis of original correspondence, with some of the letters mentioned in print for the first time. The narrative method was applied to create a coherent storyline from the incomplete data found in various manuscripts and other sources. The research sheds light on previously obscure details of Early Modern European scientific communication, among them, the connections between astronomers of Vilnius and Vienna. The article also mentions the circumstances of the events, which were essential in the history of Vilnius University: the election of Marcin Poczobut Odlianicki (Lithuanian Martynas Odlianickis Počobutas, 1726–1810) as a member correspondent of the Paris Academy of Sciences and international recognition of the constellation he introduced, Taurus Poniatovii. The article confirms that the social and scientific ties of astronomers in Vilnius were much broader than what is usually described and included their close personal relationships with some of the first-rated scholars of the era, such as Rugerius Boskovich, Nevil Maskelyne, and Benjamin Franklin.

Inhibition of Gap Junction Formation Prior to Implantation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Cells Improves Function in the Ischemic Myocardium.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) are reported to induce beneficial effects in the heart following ischemia, but a loss of these cells within hours of implantation could significantly diminish their long-term effect. We hypothesized that early coupling between BM-MSC and ischemic cardiomyocytes through gap junctions (GJ) may play an important role in stem cell survival and retention in the acute phase of myocardial ischemia. To determine the effect of GJ inhibition on murine BM-MSC in vivo, we induced ischemia in mice using 90 min left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by BM-MSC implantation and reperfusion. The inhibition of GJ coupling prior to BM-MSC implantation led to early improvement in cardiac function compared to mice in which GJ coupling was not inhibited. Our results with in vitro studies also demonstrated increased survival in BM-MSCs subjected to hypoxia after inhibition of GJ. While functional GJ are critical for the long-term integration of stem cells within the myocardium, early GJ communication may represent a novel paradigm whereby ischemic cardiomyocytes induce a "bystander effect" when coupled to newly transplanted BM-MSC and thus impair cell retention and survival.