Children In Early Childhood Research Articles

Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Loose Part

The beginning of the use of the loose part method was due to the lack of children's ability to be creative in expressing ideas independently without the help of the teacher. This can be seen from the lack of children in completing skills in making a free work. Because learning is still glued to books, magazines or LKA. Loose part is known as a medium of teaching materials whose usefulness in children's learning is endless. The purpose of this research is that early childhood children in Muslimat NU Bunga Harapan Kindergarten have high creativity and are able to imagine using the items that have been provided. The number of research subjects was 48 students, each class consisted of 24 children. Research data was collected by means of observation, documentation, and interviews. The results of the loose part method show that the media can increase creativity in early childhood.

취업모의 일-가정 갈등이 부모역할만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

As the number of dual-income women increases, the division of jobs, housework and parenting roles in work and family life is not properly supported, and they are experiencing a lot of difficulties with multiple roles. In particular, the patriarchal perception that still remains emphasizes the responsibility of housework and childcare to women. As a result, the double role burden of work and family is increasing work stress. Therefore, this study aims to confirm the relationship between work-life balance conflict, child-rearing stress, parenting guilt, and parental role satisfaction for working mothers with early childhood children. In this study, a survey was conducted through an online link for working mothers at work. A survey was conducted for two weeks from February 15, 2022, and a total of 235 surveys were collected. Of these, after removing 12 unfaithful responses and missing values, 313 cases were used as the final effective sample. For the collected data, the research hypothesis was verified using SPSS 24.0. As a result of the study, first, the work-life balance conflict had a positive (+) effect on child-rearing stress. Second, the work-life balance conflict had a positive (+) effect on the parenting guilt. Third, child-rearing stress had a positive (+) effect on parenting guilt. Fourth, the parenting guilt had a positive (+) effect on the parental role satisfaction.Through this study, it will be possible to expand the scope of research on the work-life balance conflict of working mothers and provide basic data for desirable parenting behavior for children.

Learning Physical Education, Sports, and Early Childhood Health Based on Educational Games

Physical education is an inseparable part of national education which aims to develop the abilities of students through physical activities. Physical education planning is carried out carefully to meet the behavioral development, growth, and needs of each child. Physical education not only develops psychomotor abilities, but also develops students' cognitive and affective abilities. Physical education learning starts early to start organic, motor, intellectual and emotional development. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting and downloading an article or journal that conducts research directly in the field. The population in this study, which was taken from a journal, involved 3 teachers and 35 early childhood children, which was intended to obtain research results from the implementers and recipients of learning. Data collection techniques used open interviews, observation and documentation during the data collection process. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing which aims to provide research results that are in accordance with the reality in the field. Early childhood physical education currently shows complex problems, in terms of learning, facilities, social conditions and government policies. However, the purpose of education must be implemented properly to develop cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities of early childhood. Nature-based educational activities are very suitable to be applied because apart from being able to practice corners during the pandemic, PAUD students can play comfortably and have fun.

P-719 Effect of frozen and thawed embryo transfer on metabolism of children in early childhood

Abstract Study question We aimed to investigate the metabolic profile at age 1.5 – 4 years in chidren conceived from FET. Summary answer Plasma concentration of ApoE , fasting insulin and 11 small molecule metabolities were different beween FET group and the NC group. What is known already Rencently,we showed that FET-conceived male mouse offspring presented glucose metabolism dysfunction mainly manifesting insulin resistance. Observations from human studies indicate that body fat composition in IVF children is disturbed and children conceived by IVF/ICSI have a less favourable glucose and cardiovascular metabolic profile in childhood when compared with naturally conceived. But human study emphasised on metabolic profile of children concieved from FET is limited, one follow-up study have suggested that children conceived by FET often show abnormal lipid metabolism. Study design, size, duration 284 children at early childhood (1.5-4 years) conceived from FET or naturally conceived were recruited based on the data from electronic Case Report Forms (e-CRF) in the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital (IPMCHH) from September 2018 to November 2019. A total of 147 children (with 118 born after FET and 29 conceived naturally) was included for biochemical examination and metabolomics analysis. Participants/materials, setting, methods The peripheral venous blood of 147 children aged 1.5 - 4 years (with 118 born after FET and 29 conceived naturally) was drawn in the fasting state (>8h). FBG was measured using a glucometer, plasma concentrations of TC,TG, HDL , LDL were measured by chemistry analyzer, commercial ELISA kits were used for the measurment of Apolipoprotein, insulin, leptin, CRP,FT3, FT4, and TSH. Metabolomic analysis was performed on an UPLC-MS/MS system against 210 metabolites. Main results and the role of chance The results of present study revealed that the chidren conceived from FET have different metabolite profile than the naturally conceived children. Except for the higher BMI of chidren from FET group, ApoE and insulin were found respectivedly higher and lower in chidren from FET group than in NC group. As for metabolomic analysis,small metabolities which reflect intestinal fermentation such as second bile acid and short chain fatty acids was significantly higher in children conceived from FET; unsaturated fatty acids which are crucial for neurodevelopment was significanty lower in FET group. Limitations, reasons for caution Firstly, due to the small sample size, larger sample size and a longer follow-up period will be needed to observe the long-term metabolic profile and neurobehavioral performance of offspring conceived from FET. Secondly, we did not rule out other factors that may have influence on the metabolism of children. Wider implications of the findings To our knowledged, we demenstrated the metabolic profile of chidren born after FET in early childhood by metabolomic analysis for the first time.The fast insulin level was significant decreased in FET group than NC group, which is opposes to previous findings. Trial registration number 2016YFC1000203

Relationship between Preparation and Attitude in 3-4 Year Old Children regarding Newborn Sibling

Purpose – The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the preparation for a newborn sibling and the attitude of children aged 3 to 4 years. This study was carried out in Kemayoran District, Central Jakarta.Design/methods/approach – The method used was a correlational quantitative research method. The sampling method was carried out using the one stage cluster sampling method from 8 sub-districts in Kemayoran District, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 240 mothers who have children aged 3-4 years with younger siblings were taken as samples. Data collection technique used was a questionnaire.Findings – While the results of the study obtained a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.589, the results of the t test showed that tcount was 11.235> ttable namely, 1.651. It means there was a significant positive relationship between the preparation for a newborn sibling and the attitude of children aged 3-4 years. The coefficient of determination test results calcuated by SPSS v.22 program obtained R2 of 0.347 or KD of 34.7%. This means that the preparation for a newborn sibling was able to explain 34.7% of the attitude of children aged 3-4 years. Meanwhile, the remaining 65.3% was influenced by other variables which were not included in this study.Research implications/limitations – This study was limited to simple correlational research with one independent variable and one dependent variable. Future studies can explore greater with other related variables. Practical implications – From this study, it can be concluded that there was a significant and positive relationship between the preparation for a newborn sibling with the attitude of early childhood children aged 3-4 years.Originality/value – With careful preparation, parents who prepare for the arrival of a new sibling can form a positive attitude response in children aged 3-4 years.
 Paper type Research paper

Indicators of the areas of axial sections and the volume of the ascending and descending colon of children and adolescents according to the data of intravital imaging

Objective:To establish age and sex patterns of axial section areas and the volume of the ascending and descending colon in children and adolescents according to the data of intravital imaging.Methods: On computed tomograms of the abdominal cavity of 75 children and adolescents, divided into 4 groups (early childhood, first childhood, second childhood, adolescence), the areas of axial sections, the height and volume of the ascending and descending colon were determined. The obtained data were subjected to statistical variation processing.Results: The average value of the index of the areas of axial sections of the ascending colon among the examined patients of the 1st group was 7.0±0.4 cm2. It increased in the 4th group up to 11.0±0.6 cm2 (p<0.001). The level of this indicator among girls increased from 7.0±1.1 cm2 to 10.5±0.6 cm2 (p=0.013), among boys it increased from 7.0±0.5 cm2 to 11.5±1.1 cm2 (p<0.001). In children of early childhood, the average value of the volume of the ascending colon was 41.5±3.3 cm3. It increased in the 4th group up to 118.4±6.7 cm3 (p<0.001). An increase in the recorded level of this section among girls was from 39.9±6.8 cm3 to 112.3±6.9 cm3 (p<0.001), and among boys – from 42.0±3.9 cm3 to 125.1±11.9 cm3 (p<0.001). The average level of the index of the area of axial sections of the descending colon among all examined increased from the 1st to the 4th group. It increased from 2.5±0.2 cm2 to 4.3±0.4 cm2 (p=0.005), in girls – from 2.4±0.2 cm2 to 4.0±0.4 cm2 (p=0.089), and in boys – from 2.5±0.3 cm2 to 4.6±0.8 cm2 (p=0.030). The value of the indicator of the volume of the descending colon increased from the 1st to the 4th group from 20.9±2.4 cm3 to 60.4±7.2 cm3 (p<0.001), among girls – from 20.3±0.9 cm3 to 56.2±7.5 cm3 (p=0.017), and among boys – from 21.1±3.1 cm3 to 65.0±12.9 cm3 (p=0.001).Conclusions: As a result of the conducted research, it was found that there are no sex differences in the morphometric parameters of the ascending and descending colons within the same age group. A reliable increase in the average level of the areas of axial sections of the ascending colon in each age group in comparison with the previous one without dividing by sex was established only among the surveyed children of the second age group in comparison with children of the first age group from 8.0±0.4 cm to 9.4±0.4 cm (p=0.044), among girls – from 7.8±0.5 cm to 9.7±0.6 cm (p=0.032). A significant increase in the average value of the areas of axial sections of the descending colon in each age group in comparison with the previous one wasn’t determined. A significant increase in the indicator of the volume of the ascending colon was found among girls of the second childhood group compared with the examined children of the first age group (p=0.003) and adolescence compared with children of the second childhood group (p=0.042), and among boys of the first childhood group compared with the period of early childhood (p=0.019). A significant increase in the average value of the volume of the descending colon in each age group in comparison with the previous one was determined in children of the second childhood period in comparison with the examined children of the first period from 26.4±2.4 cm3 to 43.5±5.5 cm3 (p=0.005), among boys – from 26.2±3.6 cm3 to 48.8±10.2 cm3 (p=0.027).

A Study on Bacteria in Saliva of Autistic Children at Early Life

Background: Studies have shown that oral bacteria are involved in the occurrence of some neurological diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder occurring in early life, is closely related to intestinal bacteria. At present, the role of the oral microbiota in ASD rarely remains unexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the differences of bacteria in saliva between autistic and healthy children in early childhood and investigate whether there are any specific salivary bacteria serving as biomarkers of ASD. Methods: A total of 10 autistic children aged 2 - 6 years and 10 healthy children matched in age, gender, and region in China were involved in this study. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing was employed to detect the disparities of bacteria in saliva between autistic children and healthy children. Moreover, the relationship between salivary differential bacteria and intestinal bacteria in autistic children was analyzed to screen out salivary differential bacteria that were unrelated to intestinal bacteria. Results: There were 14 bacteria in the saliva of children with autism, which were different from those of the control group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the salivary Bacteroides fragilis had no apparent relationship with intestinal bacteria (P > 0.05); nevertheless, the rest of the differential bacteria in saliva were significantly related to intestinal bacteria. Conclusions: There were differential bacteria in the saliva of children with ASD and healthy controls, indicating that salivary bacteria might play a role in ASD. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to identify the pathogenesis of ASD.

Entangle, Entangled, Entanglements: Reimagining a Child and Youth Engagement Model Using a Common Worlds Approach

This paper responds to the call to explore pedagogical relations and dialogues in considering how to create climate pedagogies that are responsive, dynamic, and transformative in thinking about human and nonhuman relations. Using the lens of entanglement, the paper attempts to bring into dialogue children’s rights and more-than-human ways of thinking to understand what, if any, commonalities lie in these two projects and whether and how a rights-respecting approach can be productively reconfigured in envisaging a dynamic climate pedagogy. It considers several tensions that arise from this entangled dialogue to probe both the overlaps and points of incommensurability in the two approaches. This includes viewing asymmetrical power and logics of coloniality that assert themselves through rights discourses and rights-based techniques based in an Anglo-Eurocentric worldview that narrowly defines who is included in the “human” of human rights. To illustrate these entanglements, the paper draws on a child/youth-led and child/youth-driven participatory model called Shaking the Movers (STM) created in 2007 by the Landon Pearson Centre and used with youth as well as with children in early childhood and other settings across Canada each year. The model aims to enable children’s civil and political rights. Shaking the Movers was used as the framework for a workshop held in Williams Lake, British Columbia in 2017. The workshop serves as a case study in this paper to illustrate some of the entanglements that arise in practice when considering rights-respecting and more-than-human approaches. The analysis draws on scholarship from several disciplinary locations, including Stuart Aitken’s critical childhood concept of the post-child, Veronica Pacini-Ketchabaw and Affrica Taylor’s notion of agency as not exclusively human and conceived as collective rather than an outcome of individual intent, and Shenila Khoja-Moolji’s analysis of an ethic of interdependency and alliance when understanding human rights in context. Each of these perspectives informs a contemplation of how to reconfigure the Shaking the Movers model amplify its strengths. The paper concludes with thoughts on the ways entanglements create a productive space both for bringing together a more-than-human and rights-respecting approach to attend to actions emanating from the margins and for invigorating and understanding how to meaningfully engage children located in interconnected and interdependent worlds.

Emotional Regulation Ability in Early Childhood: Role of Coparenting and Mindful Parenting

Most of the demands and tasks necessary during the development of early childhood center around children’s emotional regulation ability. At this time, parents have an important role in socializing the emotional development to children during parenting practices. This study aimed to determine the role of mindful parenting and coparenting competence simultaneously towards emotional regulation ability in early childhood. 370 parents of children in early childhood participated in this study (173 fathers and 197 mothers) chosen using a purposive sampling method. Parents completed the emotional regulation skill questionnaire, Bangor mindful parenting scale, and coparenting competence scale. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that mindful parenting and coparenting competence have a significant role in predicting children’s emotional regulation competence simultaneously (R2 = 0.121, F (2.369) = 23.01, p < .001). This indicates that improving children’s emotional regulation ability in early childhood is related to the children’s internal factors and the ability of parents to carry out parenting practices and form a good family emotional climate.

Pendampingan Prinsip FITT pada Olahraga bagi Guru PKG-PAUD Kecamatan Bojongsoang Kabupaten Bandung

Sport is an activity carried out systematically to improve physical and spiritual health. Exercise is also like a double-edged sword; on the one hand, exercise can improve health and avoid various diseases, but on the other hand, exercise can also cause injury if not done properly. Especially in early childhood, those who play sports can pose a danger to themselves, so the role of the teacher is vital in directing sports to early childhood children. The FITT principle (Frequency, Intensity, Type, and Time) is one of the principles that teachers can use to direct sports in early childhood correctly. The purpose of this PkM is to increase teacher knowledge to apply the FITT principle in sports at PKG-PAUD, Bojongsoang District, Bandung Regency. The method of implementing this activity goes through four stages firstly; a situation analysis is carried out on activity partners; secondly, a pretest is carried out by measuring the teacher's knowledge of the FITT principle in sports; the third is providing sports material and practice to children using the FITT principle, fourth at the end of the activity, post-test and activity evaluation are carried out. The results of this PkM show an increase in teacher knowledge about the FITT principle by 89.43%. Thus, in general, teachers have developed sports training programs for early childhood using the FITT principle.

PENINGKATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF PAUD DI KABUPATEN SERANG

The golden age of students where currently early childhood children are very easy to receive various information. At this time, some early childhood education in Baros Village still use conventional learning methods. this is the reason for the need for a paradigm shift that makes learning interesting and interactive. Interactive learning media training is carried out to equip teachers how to make interesting early childhood learning media so that they can quickly find out and understand what the teachers are teaching. The stages carried out The training stages consist of the stages of socialization, training, adjustment of needs, and testing of learning media. Based on the results of the Pretest for 10 questions including the question of country names, state symbols, national anthems and others, the results obtained were around 28 PAUD children answered incorrectly and did not understand the learning material being asked but after using the learning media that had been prepared by the Community Service Team and teachers, the results from the Post test showed significance to 100% with a total of 10 questions for 28 PAUD children with all correct answers

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Early Childhood Educators' Awareness and Support

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) refer to the prolonged exposure of potentially traumatic events that have lifelong impacts on health and well-being. Early childhood educators (ECEs) can provide supportive environments for children to mitigate the impact of ACEs. This study explored the awareness of ECEs related to ACEs and the assistance they need to create supportive environments for children.Objectives: Provide a Canadian context to ACEs and the early childhood education environment, explore awareness of ECEs related to ACEs and explore the assistance ECEs need to create supportive environments for all children.Methods: Qualitative Description was used to illustrate the narratives of participants’ experiences regarding ACEs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with early childhood educators (n=9) in Nova Scotia, Canada. Thematic analysis resulted in themes that related to the awareness of ECEs in relation to ACEs and their perceived support to assist children in early childhood settings.Results: ACE awareness was described through parent-to-educator communication, child behaviours, and community location. Barriers to awareness included varying comfort levels of parents and stigma around sharing unfavourable experiences that happen in the home. Participants suggested that creating supportive relationships and environments were important for children experiencing ACEs. Participants discussed additional strategies that could help them feel supported when encountering ACEs, including professional development opportunities, specific ACE training and increased collaboration with other professionals.Conclusion/Discussion: There is limited research using ECEs voices to describe their awareness and perceived support related to ACEs. This research identifies areas of support needed to assist early childhood educators in creating supportive environments for children.

Sosialisasi gemar menabung sejak dini

Saving should have been introduced from an early age both by the school and in the family environment, although there has not been a special curriculum presented at the elementary school level regarding this, even though it is important to introduce it to early childhood children because early age is the golden age in growing everything. the potential that exists in children, in times like these children will record every information they get to later be applied in their daily lives. The problems faced by partners in community service activities include the lack of understanding of students about saving activities and the importance of saving from an early age and the perception of students who think that saving activities are only for people who are adults and have their own income. The purpose of this PKM activity is to broaden students' horizons regarding the goals and benefits of saving from an early age and to foster an interest in saving for students from an early age even though they do not have their own income. The stages of this activity start from preparation, implementation of service activities in the form of socializing fond of saving from an early age and ending with the stage of writing service activity reports. Socialization activities like saving from an early age were followed by all students as participants in this PKM activity enthusiastically so that they were able to increase students' understanding and broaden their horizons regarding the importance of saving from an early age even though they do not have an independent income. Activities like this need to be carried out elsewhere so that the knowledge and interest of students as the younger generation in saving continues to increase so that they can contribute to economic improvement for the nation and state in the future. The expected output of this community service activity focuses on increasing students' understanding of the importance of saving activities and being aware of the importance of saving activities from an early age and can be one of the inputs for the school so that saving activities can become a routine activity for students coordinated by each homeroom teacher

Early childhood hospitalization and problematic behaviors: A propensity score analysis.

Existing research suggests that children who experience poverty and hospitalization in early childhood are at risk of developing behavior problems. We examined whether the association between early childhood hospitalization and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors were moderated by family poverty status and child sex. Participants included 224 children from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. There was no direct association between hospitalization and problematic behaviors. Poverty status during early childhood, but not child sex, significantly moderated the association between hospitalization and externalizing problems. Findings support the need for community programs that promote an integrative approach to healthcare for families experiencing poverty.

Parenting practices in early childhood as technologies of power in family and educational contexts.

This research with a post-structuralist epistemological approach and qualitative methodology had the objective of revealing the conditions that make it possible for the parenting practices of caregivers of early childhood children in family and educational contexts to be configured as technologies of power (procedures through which power relations are socially legitimized). Likewise, it was proposed to demonstrate the self-care practices of children configured as technologies of the self. The results made it possible to identify current parenting practices where discipline practices are still evident in both contexts. It is concluded that power relations arise in the middle of a relational triad school - family - childhood, in an apparently functional gear, thus, children are influenced by the processes of both entities and begin to witness how the family has become Foucault's terms in an "institution". Part of the practices carried out by adults are incorporated by children and become self-care practices that, according to the analysis obtained, are part of a powerful formation of technologies of the self, however, not so well achieved. at this age, but a strong constitution is expected in the next stages of the life cycle.

PERAN GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN

AbstractThis study aims to determine the role of the teacher as a mediator, evaluator and motivator in developing the creativity of early childhood children aged 4-5 years at Mulia Dharma Kindergarten Pontianak. The general problem in this study describes the teacher's role in developing the creativity of early childhood aged 4-5 years in TK Mulia Dharma Pontianak. The form of research used is qualitative research, data obtained from two sources, namely human data sources (2 teachers) and documentation data sources. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach and the type of research is a case study. The results of the study show that (1) Teachers can fulfill the role of mediator by communicating learning, building good relationships with students and participating in games. (2) The teacher makes daily lesson plans, carries out activities, conducts assessments and evaluations of the process as well as student achievement indicating the existence of variable indicators in the teacher's role as evaluator. (3) Providing mental stimulation by encouraging, appreciating and praising students is the teacher's role as a motivator in learning.Keywords: Creativity, Early Childhood, Teacher's Role

SURVEY ON THE ASSESSMENT OF BMI AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH MALNUTRITION AMONG RURAL PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN DISTRICT HARDOI, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Malnutrition is a major health problem among rural children in developing countries such as India. Nutrition plays a vital role in the growth and development of children in early childhood. The present study aimed to analyze the trends in the growth pattern of both boys and girls among preschool and primary school children groups in rural areas using body mass index (BMI). A total of 486 children (aged 2-8 years) were examined of which 230 were preschool children aged 2-4 years and 256 were primary school children aged 5-8 years. Out of 230 preschool children, 21.74% were underweight, 67.83% normal and 10.43% overweight while obesity was not reported. Out of 256 children of primary school, 33.59% were underweight, 52.35% normal, 11.72% overweight and 2.34% obese. Prevalence of underweight was found the highest 33.59% in primary school children while preschool children were found to be relatively healthier with 67.83%. The average BMI of preschool children exceeded the national standards of the WHO (16.1) while average BMI of primary school children was almost same with WHO norms. Findings of the study also supports the need of proper and honest implementation of Mid-Day Meal Scheme in primary schools

Parents’ Level of Knowledge of Early Childhood Developmental Learning Disorder Indicators

The current study sought to reveal the level of parents’ knowledge of developmental learning disorders in early childhood in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was designed comprising (35) questions that measure the parents’ knowledge of indicators of developmental learning disorders. These were distributed among (5) the main areas related to basic psychological processes, namely attention, perception, memory, language, thinking and problem-solving. The questionnaire was electronically applied to a random sample of (462) parents in Khobar, Dhahran, Dammam and Jubail. The results demonstrated that parents have a moderate level of knowledge of indicators of developmental learning disorders among those in early childhood and that no statistically significant differences were attributed to their relationship with the child, educational qualifications and the level of the family income. One of the most significant recommendations is the development of educational and scientific resources associated with indicators of developmental learning disorders for children in early childhood and the provision of open seminars and discussion panels between parents to share experiences. The researchers also recommend performing additional studies focused on developing diagnostic criteria to detect symptoms of developmental learning difficulties which will assist educators in identifying children at risk of learning difficulties at an early age.
 
 Received: 10 February 2022 / Accepted: 13 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022

Association of regional socioeconomic deprivation and rurality with global developmental delay in early childhood: Data from mandatory school entry examinations in Germany

From birth to young adulthood, health and development of young people are strongly linked to their living situation, including their family's socioeconomic position (SEP) and living environment. The impact of regional characteristics on development in early childhood beyond family SEP has been rarely investigated. This study aimed to identify regional predictors of global developmental delay at school entry taking family SEP into consideration.We used representative, population-based data from mandatory school entry examinations of the German federal state of Brandenburg in 2018/2019 with n=22,801 preschool children. By applying binary multilevel models, we hierarchically analyzed the effect of regional deprivation defined by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD) and rurality operationalized as inverted population density of the children's school district on global developmental delay (GDD) while adjusting for family SEP (low, medium and high).Family SEP was significantly and strongly linked to GDD. Children with the highest family SEP showed a lower odds for GDD compared to a medium SEP (female: OR=4.26, male: OR=3.46) and low SEP (female: OR=16.58, male: OR=12.79). Furthermore, we discovered a smaller, but additional and independent effect of regional socioeconomic deprivation on GDD, with a higher odds for children from a more deprived school district (female: OR=1.35, male: OR=1.20). However, rurality did not show a significant link to GDD in preschool children beyond family SEP and regional deprivation.Family SEP and regional deprivation are risk factors for child development and of particular interest to promote health of children in early childhood and over the life course.

유아와 부모의 어린이도서관 참여 경험에 대한 탐색 연구

Children’s library is a complex cultural space. It can be said to be the center of education, culture, and information for children and their families. However, as existing research studies on children’s libraries are mainly conducted in the field of literature and information, children and their parents tend to be overlooked. This study attempted to qualitatively explore the meaning of participating experiences in children’s library by recruiting children, parents, and librarians into focus groups. Research questions are: 1) what is the experience of parents with early childhood children using children’s library? 2) what is the experience of infants participating in children’s library? and 3) what is children’s library librarian’s experience of interacting with infants and parents? Participating institutions were three children’s libraries in Seoul. Participants were 45 young children, 24 parents, and 6 librarians. Focus group interviews were conducted. Focus group interview is a data collection method that induces communication between participants to stimulate cognitive activation and to reveal attitudes, motivations, and emotions while freely exchanging opinions. Common or conflicting opinions of parents and librarians on their participation experiences were captured and the meaning was derived. The essential meaning of children’s participation experience was studied by conducting theme analysis on pictures they draw on children’s library. Results could contribute to enhancing the role of children’s libraries as a complex cultural space in the community and suggesting practices to support positive development of children.