Well preserved faunal and floral materials recovered from the Taddlock and Spoonbill sites in the Sabine River Basin of East Texas provide one of the first opportunities to document the subsistence strategies of sedentary hamlet occupations during the Early Caddoan period. The Taddlock site, dated ca. A.D. 940-1000, has a large faunal assemblage indicating a generalized and balanced exploitation of small and large mammals, reptiles, and fish. The two components at Spoonbill, dated ca. A.D. 970 ?65 and A.D. 1260 ?65, are characterized by an ex tensive floral sample of wild plant foods, seeds, and maize. At both sites, maize constitutes less than 10% by weight of the total plant food remains. The Early Cad doan inhabitants exploited a wide variety of animal and plant food, but at this time maize was likely one of several main sources of food energy rather than the focus of a specialized economy.