Early Bird Research Articles

Bird-MAC: Energy-Efficient MAC for Quasi-Periodic IoT Applications by Avoiding Early Wake-up

We propose a new MAC protocol for IoT applications, called Bird-MAC, which is highly energy efficient in the applications where IoT sensors report monitoring status in a quasi-periodic manner, as in structural health monitoring and static environmental monitoring. Two key design ideas of Bird-MAC are: (a) no need of early-wake-up of transmitters and (b) taking the right balance between synchronization and coordination costs. The idea (a) is possible by allowing a node (whether it is a transmitter or receiver) to wake up just with its given wake-up schedule, and letting a late bird (which wakes up later) notify its wake-up status to its corresponding early bird (which wakes up earlier), where the early bird just infrequently waits for the late bird's wake-up signal. The idea (b) is realized by designing Bird-MAC to be placed in a scheme between purely synchronous and asynchronous schemes. We provide a rigorous mathematical analysis that is used to choose the right protocol parameters of Bird-MAC. We demonstrate the performance of Bird-MAC through extensive simulations, and real experiments. The experiment on our testbed using a 26 node testbed at an underground parking lot of our office building to monitor its structural health shows that energy consumption is reduced by about up to 45 percent over existing sensor MAC protocols. We also confirm the applicability of Bird-MAC in a challenging and realistic scenario through the experiment on Yeongjong Grand Bridge in South Korea.

Eco‐Evo‐Devo: A Feather Paradigm

In ecological evolutionary developmental biology (Eco‐Evo‐Dev), one aspires to decipher the interaction principles among an organism’s environment, genes, and development, across an individual’s life span or evolutionary scales. Animal integuments form the interface between an organism and its environment, have to adapt to dynamic environmental changes, and changes are apparent for our investigation; therefore, the integument becomes a great model for Eco‐Evo‐Devo study. Among the integuments, feathers offer an opportunity to examine aspects of evolution which began in feathered dinosaurs and early birds about 150 million years ago. These studies enable us to decipher the mechanisms of how a skin appendage evolve from endothermy function to communication to flight, becoming a highly complex and functional integumentary organ. The transformation from scales to feathers required the formation of multiple periodically arranged growth units. The conversion of each feather primordium into a follicle with epidermal stem cells and dermal papilla niche allows cyclic renewal of the feather structures and potential to generate new phenotypes. The feather is made of two modules: a central shaft (rachis) and peripheral branches (barbs), both are modifiable genetically and epigenetically. The hierarchical feather filament branches allow endless combinations of functional feather forms. Follicular pigment stem cells work with structure and chemical coloring mechanisms to generate complex color patterns on feather vane for communication. Here we take a multi‐disciplinary approach to study the molecular control and bio‐architectural principles used to construct a flight feather. Developmental studies show the rachis is made of the cortex and medulla, and medulla is defective in chicken frizzle mutants which exhibit curly feathers. The differentiation of cortex and medulla from epidermal progenitors is controlled by Bmp and TGFβ signaling, leading to bilayer composite beams with unique topological arrangement and biophysical properties. Within barb ridges, epidermal progenitors generate cylindrical, plate or hooklet‐shaped barbule cells that form fluffy branches for endothermy or feather vanes for air‐flapping, mediated by asymmetric cell junctions and keratin expression. Transcriptome analyses and functional studies show anterior‐posterior Wnt2b signaling within the dermal papilla controls barbule cell fates with spatial‐temporal collinearity. Retinoic acid and Gremlin mediate medio‐lateral asymmetric vane formation, a feature critical for the aero‐engineering of flight. Quantitative bio‐physical analyses of flight feathers from birds with diverse flight characteristics, ranging from ostriches, chickens, eagles, finches, to hummingbirds and penguins show how flight feathers can be light and strong at the same time and adapt to different environmental needs robustly. Finally, feathers embedded in Burmese amber 99 million years ago allows 3D analyses of ancient feather forms. Together, the results show how multi‐dimensional functionalities are achieved by modifying a prototypic core feather morphogenetic module, which enables the birds to venture into new eco‐spaces. The new findings can also inspire future composite material designs.

Pricing strategies under markets with time gap between purchase and consumption

In this study, we aim to determine the specific probability range, under which each price strategy outperforms others and expect how consumers react under the situation. In situations wherein consumer utility uncertainty is derived from the time gap between purchase and consumption, various pricing strategies, such as the early bird or option strategy, have been applied in order to resolve this uncertainty.Under an unconstrained capacity, early-bird strategy is mostly superior. Conversely, under a constrained capacity, there exists the probability range, under which the option provides both service providers and consumers more benefits than early-bird pricing. Consequently, pricing strategy should be considered based on the characteristics of the industry and the probability of the occurrence of a favorable event. The major contribution of this paper is specifically generalizing the probability condition under each pricing policy to provide both consumers and service providers the maximum utilities.

Cute monsters and early birds: foreignness in graphic novels on migration by Shaun Tan and Paula Bulling

ABSTRACTThis paper contrasts two opposite approaches within the presently booming field of comics on migration, namely Paula Bulling’s German documentary comic book Im Land der Frühaufsteher (In the Land of Early Birds or Early Risers) and Shaun Tan’s wordless fictional narrative The Arrival. Both engage with the topic of migration and aim to (re)create a sense of foreignness and alienation for their readers that mirrors the experiences of the characters portrayed in the comics. However, the paper suggests that The Arrival leaves readers with a sense of strangeness mastered and enjoyed while Im Land der Frühaufsteher elicits a sense of constant confusion. Drawing on research on the rhetorical effects of narrative beginnings, the paper demonstrates that the reader’s initial experiences with the text foreshadow the reading experience of the entire graphic novel. It then discusses two aspects of specific relevance to the theme of foreignness: first, the relationship between different points of view and the depiction of communication and second, the use of visual strategies ranging from a visual mode to specific symbols. It also reflects on the autobiographical background of both comics and the ethics behind the authors’ different uses of the theme of foreignness.

Evolution and distribution of medullary bone: evidence from a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird.

Living birds are unique among vertebrates in the formation of a female-specific bone tissue called medullary bone (MB) that is strictly associated with reproductive activity. MB is a rapidly mobilized source of calcium and phosphorus for the production of eggshell. Among living taxa, its skeletal distribution can be highly extensive such that it even exists in the ribs of some species. Due to its ephemeral nature, MB is rarely fossilized and so little is understood with regard to the origin of MB and its skeletal distribution in early taxa. Here we describe a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird, Mirusavis parvus, gen. et. sp. nov., indicating that skeleton-wide distribution of MB appeared early in avian evolution. We suggest that this represents the plesiomorphic condition for the Aves and that the distribution of MB observed among extant neornithines is a product of increased pneumatization in this lineage and natural selection for more efficient distribution of MB.

Biofuel management has limited effects on forest nutrients and avian resource assimilation

Intercropping switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), within managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands, has been proposed as an alternative source from which to create biofuels while also supporting wildlife biodiversity. However, little evidence is available on which to gauge if this practice affects nutrient availability and/or wildlife diets within pine stands. This study compares total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and C:N ratios in loblolly pine and blackberry (Rubus spp.) located in intercropped loblolly stands, including those managed with herbicides for hardwood control. This study also used stable isotopes (12C and 13C) to compare diet of an early successional bird species (yellow-breasted chat [Icteria virens]) in intercropped loblolly stands and loblolly stands managed with herbicides for hardwood control. Results indicate intercropping does not influence total C or N in loblolly or blackberry samples, although total N is elevated among blackberry samples in hardwood control loblolly stands. Results also illustrate that intercropping increases the ratio of 13C: 12C (δ13C) in yellow-breasted chat associated with areas where intercropping has been undertaken. Our study demonstrates that biofuel cultivation can affect nutrient flow within managed forest ecosystems. The influence of this nutrient flow should be considered when implementing biofuel production goals.

Anatomy and Flight Performance of the Early Enantiornithine Bird Protopteryx fengningensis: Information from New Specimens of the Early Cretaceous Huajiying Formation of China.

The Early Cretaceous (∼131 Million Years Ago) Protopteryx fengningensis is one of the oldest and most primitive enantiornithine birds; however, knowledge of its anatomy has largely been limited to the succinct description of two specimens (holotype and paratype). This study describes two new specimens of P. fengningensis preserving most of the skeleton and plumage, and it therefore adds significantly to understanding the morphology of this important species and the character evolution of enantiornithine birds. The well-preserved plumage of these specimens also affords a quantitative assessment of the flight performance of P. fengningensis. Our aerodynamic considerations indicate that this early enantiornithine was capable of intermittent flight (bounding or flap-gliding), thus marking the earliest occurrence of such energy-saving aerial strategy. Anat Rec, 303:716-731, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.

New insects feeding on dinosaur feathers in mid-Cretaceous amber

Due to a lack of Mesozoic fossil records, the origins and early evolution of feather-feeding behaviors by insects are obscure. Here, we report ten nymph specimens of a new lineage of insect, Mesophthirus engeli gen et. sp. nov. within Mesophthiridae fam. nov. from the mid-Cretaceous (ca. 100 Mya) Myanmar (Burmese) amber. This new insect clade shows a series of ectoparasitic morphological characters such as tiny wingless body, head with strong chewing mouthparts, robust and short antennae having long setae, legs with only one single tarsal claw associated with two additional long setae, etc. Most significantly, these insects are preserved with partially damaged dinosaur feathers, the damage of which was probably made by these insects’ integument-feeding behaviors. This finding demonstrates that feather-feeding behaviors of insects originated at least in mid-Cretaceous, accompanying the radiation of feathered dinosaurs including early birds.

An unusual bird (Theropoda, Avialae) from the Early Cretaceous of Japan suggests complex evolutionary history of basal birds

The Early Cretaceous basal birds were known largely from just two-dimensionally preserved specimens from north-eastern China (Jehol Biota), which has hindered our understanding of the early evolution of birds. Here, we present a three-dimensionally-preserved skeleton (FPDM-V-9769) of a basal bird from the Early Cretaceous of Fukui, central Japan. Unique features in the pygostyle and humerus allow the assignment of FPDM-V-9769 to a new taxon, Fukuipteryx prima. FPDM-V-9769 exhibits a set of features comparable to that of other basalmost birds including Archaeopteryx. Osteohistological analyses indicate that FPDM-V-9769 is subadult. Phylogenetic analyses resolve F. prima as a non-ornithothoracine avialan basal to Jeholornis and outgroup of the Pygostylia. This phylogenetic result may imply a complex evolutionary history of basal birds. To our knowledge, FPDM-V-9769 represents the first record of the Early Cretaceous non-ornithothoracine avialan outside of the Jehol Biota and increases our understanding of their diversity and distribution during the time.

Avian taxonomic and functional diversity in early stage of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) stands restored at agricultural lands: variations in scale dependency

In agricultural landscapes, the longleaf pine initiative (LLPI) and the Bobwhite Quail Initiative (BQI) aim to restore longleaf pine forests and early successional habitats, respectively. The early stage of longleaf pine stands and grass and forb vegetation produced by a combination of both restoration programs (LLPI‐BQI) may form habitat conditions favorable to early successional bird species and other birds, increasing avian diversity. We investigated how the LLPI and BQI programs affected taxonomic and functional diversity of birds and abundance of early successional birds (grassland and scrub/shrub species), and what environmental characteristics were associated with the diversity and abundance of birds. Our study was performed at 41 fields in Georgia, United States, during 2001–2002 by considering environmental characteristics at two spatial scales: local‐scale vegetation features and restoration program type (LLPI or LLPI‐BQI) and landscape‐scale vegetation features and landscape heterogeneity. Functional evenness, species richness, and abundance of grassland and scrub/shrub species did not show a clear association with local‐ or landscape‐scale variables. Shannon‐Wiener diversity was slightly influenced by restoration program type (local‐scale variable) with higher value at LLPI‐BQI stands than at LLPI stands despite no significant differences in local vegetation features between those stands. Functional divergence was strongly positively associated with landscape‐scale variables. That is, niche differentiation increased with increasing shrub coverage within a landscape, reducing competition between abundant bird species and others. Our results suggest that although a combination of BQI and LLPI program may have a positive effect on avian taxonomic diversity, it is important to consider shrub vegetation cover within a landscape to improve functional diversity.

New toothed Early Cretaceous ornithuromorph bird reveals intraclade diversity in pattern of tooth loss

The earliest record of the Ornithuromorpha, which includes crown birds, is currently known from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota in north-eastern China. Here we describe a new ornithuromorph bird, Mengciusornis dentatus gen. et sp. nov., from the Jiufotang Formation of this biota. Mengciusornis preserves a suite of morphological features exclusively observed among ornithuromorphs in the sympatric taxon Schizooura, including a robust and ‘V’-shaped furcula with a short hypocleidium, and a humerus with a large, rectangular deltopectoral crest in which the distodorsal corner is distinctively developed into a sharp, angular point. The results of our phylogenetic analysis recover these two species together in a clade, positioned stemward within the Ornithuromorpha. Mengciusornis has toothed premaxillae, in stark contrast with the edentulous jaws of Schizooura, demonstrating that dentition varied considerably between some closely related species. Furthermore, all previously known Jehol ornithuromorphs with toothed premaxillae have an edentulous rostral portion of the element, suggesting that tooth loss in this clade proceeded from the rostral end caudally, whereas in Mengciusornis the premaxilla lacks this edentulous rostral tip although the maxilla and dentary are toothless, indicating that the pattern of tooth loss, not unexpectedly, varied between lineages of ornithuromorphs. This observation suggests a strong degree of plasticity in the developmental mechanisms regulating tooth and beak formation, which is supported by earlier evidence that indicates teeth have been lost multiple times within Aves and Dinosauria. Mengciusornis preserves a ventrally hooked scapular acromion that is convergently evolved in parallel with some enantiornithines and neornithines, providing further evidence of the homoplasy that characterizes avian evolution.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:311B34B9-1CBF-47A6-B821-650C04560137

Circadian Rhythms and Physiological Synchrony

Circadian rhythms determine daily sleep cycles, mood, and cognition. Depending on an individual's circadian preference, or chronotype (i.e.,"early birds" and "night owls"), the rhythms shift earlier or later in the day. Early birds experience circadian arousal peaks earlier in the morning than night owls. Prior work has shown that individuals are more effective at analytic tasks during their peak arousal times but are more creative during their off-peak times. We investigate if these findings hold true for small groups. We find that time of day and a group's majority chronotype impact performance on analytic and creative tasks. Physiological synchrony among group members positively predicts group satisfaction. Specifically, homogeneous groups perform worse on all tasks regardless of time of day, but they achieve greater physiological synchrony and feel more satisfied as a group. Based on these findings, we present and advocate for a temporal dimension of group diversity.

The Making of a Flight Feather: Bio-architectural Principles and Adaptation

The evolution of flight in feathered dinosaurs and early birds over millions of years required flight feathers whose architecture features hierarchical branches. While barb-based feather forms were investigated, feather shafts and vanes are understudied. Here, we take a multi-disciplinary approach to study their molecular control and bio-architectural organizations. In rachidial ridges, epidermal progenitors generate cortex and medullary keratinocytes, guided by Bmp and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling that convert rachides into adaptable bilayer composite beams. In barb ridges, epidermal progenitors generate cylindrical, plate-, or hooklet-shaped barbule cells that form fluffy branches or pennaceous vanes, mediated by asymmetric cell junction and keratin expression. Transcriptome analyses and functional studies show anterior-posterior Wnt2b signaling within the dermal papilla controls barbule cell fates with spatiotemporal collinearity. Quantitative bio-physical analyses of feathers from birds with different flight characteristics and feathers in Burmese amber reveal how multi-dimensional functionality can be achieved and may inspire future composite material designs. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Extensive chondroid bone in juvenile duck limbs hints at accelerated growth mechanism in avian skeletogenesis.

Modern altricial birds are the fastest growing vertebrates, whereas various degrees of precocity (functional maturity) result in slower growth. Diaphyseal osteohistology, the best proxy for inferring relative growth rates in fossils, suggests that in the earliest birds, posthatching growth rates were more variable than in modern representatives, with some showing considerably slow growth that was attributed to their assumed precocial flight abilities. For finding clues how precocial or altricial skeletogenesis and related growth acceleration could be traced in avian evolution, as a case study we investigated the growing limb diaphyseal histology in an ontogenetic series of ducks which, among several other avian taxa, show a combination of altricial wing and precocial leg development. Here we report the unexpected discovery that chondroid bone, a skeletal tissue family intermediate between cartilage and bone, extensively contributes to the development of limb bone shaft in ducks up to at least 30 days posthatching age. To our knowledge, chondroid bone has never been reported in such quantities and with an ontogenetically extended deposition period in post‐embryonic, non‐pathological periosteal bone formation of any tetrapod limb. It shows transitional cellular/lacunar morphologies and matrix staining properties between cartilage and woven bone and takes a significant part in the diametric growth of the limb bone shaft. Its amount and distribution through duckling ontogeny seems to be associated with the disparate functional and growth trajectories of the altricial wings vs. precocial legs characteristic of duck limb development. The presence of isogenous cell groups in the periosteal chondroid bone implies that cartilage‐like interstitial growth took place before matrix mineralization complementing appositional bone growth. Based on these characteristics and on its fast formation rate in all previously reported normal as well as pathological cases, we suggest that chondroid bone in ducks significantly accelerates diametric limb bone growth. Related to this growth acceleration, we hypothesize that chondroid bone may be generally present in the growing limb bones of modern birds and hence may have key skeletogenic importance in achieving extreme avian growth rates and placing birds among the fastest growing vertebrates. Thus, we encourage future studies to test this hypothesis by investigating the occurrence of chondroid bone in a variety of precocial and altricial bird species, and to explore the presence of similar tissues in the growing limbs of other extant and extinct tetrapods in order to understand the evolutionary significance of chondroid bone in accelerated appendicular skeletogenesis.

New Bohaiornis-like bird from the Early Cretaceous of China: enantiornithine interrelationships and flight performance.

During the last decade, several Bohaiornis-like enantiornithine species—and numerous specimens—have been recognized from the celebrated Jehol Biota of northwestern China. In this paper, we describe the anatomy of another “bohaiornithid” species from the 125 million-year-old Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. The new taxon differs from previously recognized “bohaiornithids” on a number of characters from the forelimb and shoulder girdle. We also provide a new phylogenetic framework for enantiornithine birds, which questions the monophyly of the previously recognized bohaiornithid clade and highlights ongoing challenges for resolving enantiornithine interrelationships. Additionally, we offer the first assessment of the flight properties of Bohaiornis-like enantiornithines. Our results indicate that while “bohaiornithids” were morphologically suited for flying through continuous flapping, they would have been unable to sustain prolonged flights. Such findings expand the flight strategies previously known for enantiornithines and other early birds.

“The Early Bird Catches the Worm - First Mover Advantage through IoT Adoption for Indian Public Sector Retail Oil Outlets”

ABSTRACTThis paper identifies the various significant factors that contribute to the Internet of Things (IoT) adoption at the Indian Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs') Retail Oil Outlets (ROO) and empirically tests the model of constituents for the same. The logistic regression analysis was applied, using a survey of 402 respondents, to predict the adoption of IoT at the OMCs' ROO. Using the 7 factors as predictors, the regression analysis output showed a significant impact from 5 factors-People, Technologies, Processes, Data Security, and Competitive Advantage. To transform the existing ROO into “smart pumps, and to fully realize the expected benefits from the investment in IoT, the OMCs' need to give increased emphasis to these 5 factors. It tests the applicability of the PolySocial Reality (PoSR) framework and Thing Theory at the OMCs' ROO extending the literature by incorporating 'processes' to the existent framework of people, devices and communication technologies within the IoT ecosystem. “Data Security” and “Interoperability” tie up these four components together enabling a seamless flow of digital data among them and empowering the organization to realize “competitive advantage”

Changes in Early Winter Bird Populations in Winnipeg, Manitoba (1978 – 2017)

Changes in Early Winter Bird Populations in Winnipeg, Manitoba (1978 – 2017)

Evolution of the vomer and its implications for cranial kinesis in Paraves

Most living birds exhibit cranial kinesis-movement between the rostrum and braincase-in which force is transferred through the palatal and jugal bars. The palate alone distinguishes the Paleognathae from the Neognathae, with cranial kinesis more developed in neognaths. Most previous palatal studies were based on 2D data and rarely incorporated data from stem birds despite great interest in their kinetic abilities. Here we reconstruct the vomer of the Early Cretaceous stem bird Sapeornis and the troodontid Sinovenator, taxa spanning the dinosaur-bird transition. A 3D shape analysis including these paravians and an extensive sampling of neornithines reveals their strong similarity to paleognaths and indicates that morphological differences in the vomer between paleognaths and neognaths are intimately related to their different kinetic abilities. These results suggest the skull of Mesozoic paravians lacked the kinetic abilities observed in neognaths, a conclusion also supported by our identification of an ectopterygoid in Sapeornis here. We conclude that cranial kinesis evolved relatively late, likely an innovation of the Neognathae, and is linked to the transformation of the vomer. This transformation increased palatal mobility, enabling the evolution of a diversity of kinetic mechanisms and ultimately contributing to the extraordinary evolutionary success of this clade.

Selection on multiple sexual signals in two Central and Eastern European populations of the barn swallow.

Variation in intensity and targets of sexual selection on multiple traits has been suggested to play a major role in promoting phenotypic differentiation between populations, although the divergence in selection may depend on year, local conditions or age. In this study, we quantified sexual selection for two putative sexual signals across two Central and East European barn swallow (Hirundo rustica rustica) populations from Czech Republic and Romania over multiple years. We then related these differences in selection to variation in sexual characters among barn swallow populations. Our results show that tail length and ventral coloration vary between populations, sexes, and age classes (first‐time breeders vs. experienced birds). We found that selection on tail length was stronger in first‐time breeders than in experienced birds and in males than in females in the Romanian population, while these differences between age groups and sexes were weak in Czech birds. We suggest that the populational difference in selection on tail length might be related to the differences in breeding conditions. Our results show that ventral coloration is darker (i.e., has lower brightness) in the Romanian than in the Czech population, and in experienced birds and males compared with first‐time breeders and females, respectively. The sexual difference in ventral coloration may suggest sexual selection on this trait, which is supported by the significant directional selection of ventral coloration in first‐time breeding males on laying date. However, after controlling for the confounding effect of wing length and tarsus length, the partial directional selection gradient on this trait turned nonsignificant, suggesting that the advantage of dark ventral coloration in early breeding birds is determined by the correlated traits of body size. These findings show that ventral coloration may be advantageous over the breeding season, but the underlying mechanism of this relationship is not clarified.

CFDR Research Showcase, Early Bird Abstracts: June 6, 2019

Through the support of Dietitians of Canada (DC) and the Canadian Foundation for Dietetic Research (CFDR), the 2019 Research Showcase at the DC conference represented a wide variety of practice-based nutrition research projects in Canada. The 2019 Research Showcase consisted of several new elements this year. Early Bird abstracts were considered for either oral or oral ePoster sessions. New this year was the presentation of 11 Early Bird abstracts as oral presentations within the regular conference sessions: we called these “Lightning Rounds”. The remaining 27 Early Bird abstracts were presented as oral ePosters on June 6, 2019; authors presented their research in 2–3 minutes plus 2 minutes for questions, using their ePosters. For 2019, there were 3 concurrent oral ePoster sessions. All accepted, and presented, abstracts from the Early Bird submission are published in the Journal. This research event would not be possible without the commitment and dedication of many people. On behalf of DC and CFDR, we extend a special thank you to members of our abstract review committee: Susan Campisi (University of Toronto); Elaine Cawadias (Retired); Andrea Glenn (St. Francis Xavier University); Brenda Hartman (Brescia College, Western University) Mahsa Jessri (University of Ottawa); and Jessica Lieffers (University of Alberta). Thanks also to our moderators for the Oral ePosters: Barb Anderson (Acadian University); Jane Bellman (Dietitians of Canada); Brenda Hartman (Brescia College, Western University); Jessica Lieffers (University of Alberta); Dawna Royall (Dietitians of Canada); and Lee Rysdale (Northern Ontario School of Medicine). We enjoyed interacting with many of you at the oral research presentations as we highlighted the findings from our dietetic colleagues across our country! Finally, a special thank you to Gareth Willows Tribe and Michelle Naraine at CFDR for their assistance and support throughout the review process. Christina Lengyel, PhD, RD Chair, 2019 Early Bird Committee Associate Professor Director of the Dietetics Program Human Nutritional Sciences University of Manitoba Janis Randall Simpson, PhD, RD, FDC Chair, 2019 Late Breaking Committee Professor Emerita University of Guelph Executive Director, CFDR