Early Adulthood Age Research Articles

Inter-Role Conflict and Mental Health in Early Adulthood Females

Inter-role conflict is one of the most common and challenging realities. It occurs when an individual faces dual demands from different roles, and the situation is likely to cause a lot of psychological strains. This kind of conflict was most prevalent among females in the early adulthood age of development, a period that involves a turning point to other important developmental tasks in life such as procurement of employment, further educational pursuits, and formation of settlement or marriage. Work and family responsibilities become intertwined during this phase, as the drive for career advancement merges with other obligations, potentially impacting one's health. The effects of inter-role conflict on mental health can be significant, impacting such outcomes as anxiety, depression, and stress. Anxiety might manifest itself through constant apprehension or a low probability of performing well in one or more positions. At the same time, depression can cause a lack of self-worth and a negative outlook on life. Such mental health issues can lead to maladjustment in behavior, which means that one can become less productive at work as well as seclusion in their relationships. Inter-role conflict, if persistent, causes chronic stress, which worsens these concerns and may lead to irreversible mental health problems. This review also explores the impact of inter-role conflict on mental health outcomes and explores potential strategies to mitigate these effects. Some realistic approaches to reducing the psychological load include time management, role prioritization, and seeking social support. This literature review emphasizes the importance of psychological strategies from existing literature to help young women manage their roles more effectively. Therefore, by integrating literature from the existing research, this study illuminates how inter-role conflict affects early adulthood females’ mental health with a focus on coping strategies.

Perilaku Cyberbullying Pada Emerging Adulthood: Peran Kontrol Diri dan Regulasi Emosi

Technological advancements have significantly impacted their users, including negative effects such as cyberbullying. According to a survey by the Association of Internet Service Providers in Indonesia (APJII), internet users are predominantly from the early adulthood age group, with West Java ranking second in highest internet penetration among the Indonesian islands. This study aims to determine whether self-control and emotion regulation influence cyberbullying behavior among emerging adults in West Java. The research employs a quantitative method with a causal design. The study includes 385 respondents selected through convenience sampling. Researchers utilized three standardized scales: the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Cyberbullying Perpetration (CBP). Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression analysis (T-test and F-test) with SPSS version 25.0 for Windows. The research findings show a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that self-control and emotion regulation have a significant influence on cyberbullying behavior. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted while the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, meaning that self-control and emotion regulation indeed influence cyberbullying behavior among emerging adults in West Java, contributing 18.5% to the variance. Individuals in emerging adulthood are encouraged to strengthen their self-control and emotion regulation to reduce cyberbullying behavior, thereby creating a healthier and safer online environment.

Craniofacial anomalies in schizophrenia-relevant GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice.

Subtle craniofacial dysmorphology has been reported in schizophrenia patients. This dysmorphology includes midline facial elongation, frontonasal anomalies and a sexually dimorphic deviation from normal directional asymmetry of the face, with male patients showing reduced and female patients showing enhanced facial asymmetry relative to healthy control subjects. GFAP.HMOX10-12m transgenic mice (Mus musculus) that overexpress heme oxygenase-1 in astrocytes recapitulate many schizophrenia-relevant neurochemical, neuropathological and behavioral features. As morphogenesis of the brain, skull and face are highly interrelated, we hypothesized that GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice may exhibit craniofacial anomalies similar to those reported in persons with schizophrenia. We examined craniofacial anatomy in male GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice and wild-type control mice at the early adulthood age of 6-8 months. We used computer vision techniques for the extraction and analysis of mouse head shape parameters from systematically acquired 2D digital images, and confirmed our results with landmark-based geometric morphometrics. We performed skull bone morphometry using digital calipers to take linear distance measurements between known landmarks. Relative to controls, adult male GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice manifested craniofacial dysmorphology including elongation of the nasal bones, alteration of head shape anisotropy and reduction of directional asymmetry in facial shape features. These findings demonstrate that GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice exhibit craniofacial anomalies resembling those described in schizophrenia patients, implicating heme oxygenase-1 in their development. As a preclinical mouse model, GFAP.HMOX10-12m mice provide a novel opportunity for the study of the etiopathogenesis of craniofacial and other anomalies in schizophrenia and related disorders.

Perception of Heart Attack Risk Factors and Their Complications Among the Adult Population in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.

Background Among the young population, many have risk factors that are nonmodifiable, modifiable, or both, increasing their chances of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and/or experiencing a heart attack later in life. Knowledge of both risk factors has a major role in preventing CVD by encouraging screening and applying the necessary lifestyle modifications. This study aims to assess the knowledge of risk factors and complications associated with heart attacks among individuals in the early adulthood age group. Methodology This descriptive cross-sectional study encompassed residents of the Eastern Region who met the specified inclusion criteria. Data were collected and recorded on a structured questionnaire regarding their demographic information, current risk factors, and knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and complications. The questionnaire was distributed in hard copy among schools, colleges, and primary healthcare centers. The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The results were presented in tables aspercentages and frequencies for all variables, and the scores were presented as mean and standard deviation. Results Among the 334 participants, the average overall score was 15.47 out of 28. The participants exhibited varying levels of knowledge across different aspects of the risk factors. The correct response rate ranged from as high as 84.4% (282) to as low as 41.6% (139) in the assessment of risk factors items. The majority of the participants showed a good understanding of the preventive measures, such as exercise and weight reduction. However, 43.4% (145) of participants reported not participating in physical activity and 29.1% (97) had a body mass index of 25 and above. Conclusions The outcome of this study suggests that there's a need for structured educational programs in schools and public health campaigns. The general public must have a reliable source of information rather than the mass media and false information read from social media.

Management Factors for COVID-19 Confirmed Patients in Public Hospitals

Introduction: The management of patients confirmed positive for COVID-19 is a guideline for actions in handling people who are confirmed positive for COVID-19 through SWAB PCR examination according to their severity. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the management factors of COVID-19 confirmed patients at Merauke District Hospital. Method: Quantitative research with cross-sectional design. The research location is at the Regional General Hospital of Merauke Regency. Result and Discussion: The results of the study were that women were the most dominant (87.6%) in carrying out the management of COVID-19 confirmed patients with early adulthood age of 26-35 years (73.4%) and had a new working period of <6 years (37.2%). The ability of human resources in the Merauke District General Hospital is mostly (61%) in the good category and excessive workload (71.4%). The management facilities for COVID-19 confirmed patients at the Merauke Regency General Hospital met the guideline requirements (72.4%). Conclusion: The test results of the study showed that there was a relationship between facilities (p = 0.033; PR:2,970) with the management of patients confirmed with COVID-19. However, there was no relationship between the ability of health human resources (p = 0.763; PR:1.168), and workload (p=0.149; PR:2,116) with the management of patients confirmed with COVID-19 at the Merauke Regional General Hospital.

Cohort analysis of 50% lethal area (LA50) and associating factors in burn patients based on quality improvements and health policies

Burn injuries are among the common traumatic injuries, which can be accompanied with lifelong morbidity and mortality. The Lethal Area Fifty Percent (LA50) index is another reliable outcome measurement tool that assesses the standard of medical care at burn centers. It is widely used as a benchmark for assessing the quality of burn care and is considered the percentage at which 50% of burn patients are expected to die because of burn-related injuries. We aimed to determine and compare the LA50 in burn patients admitted to Shiraz Burn Referral Centers in 2018–2021 and 2011–2018 with regard to improving the quality of special care and infection control in the new hospital. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on patients admitted to Amir al-Momenin Burn Injury Hospital in Shiraz, Fars, Southern Iran. Data were retrospectively gathered from March 2011 to January 2022, and subsequently analyzed with standard statistical analysis, and also multivariate and probability analysis. A total of 7382 patients with acute burns injuries were identified. Among them, 4852 (65.7%) patients were men, and the median age was 27 years [Q1–Q3 7–40; range 1–98]. Most of the patients were in the pediatric and early adulthood age range, with 76.2% being younger than 40 years old. The median TBSA was 24% [IQR 14, 43], and the median duration of hospitalization was 11 [IQR 11] days. Most injuries were secondary to flame and fire (33.5%; n = 2472). The mortality rate in our study was 19.0% (n = 1403). We evaluated our patients based on two main time intervals: March 2011 till February 2018 (n = 3409; 46.2%), and March 2018 to January 2022 (n = 3973; 53.8%). Based on multivariate analysis, the second interval of our study was significantly correlated with a more female patients, higher age, lower TBSA, less burn injuries due to scald, contact, but more frequent fire and flame injuries, and also lower mortality rate. Factors correlated with higher mortality included male gender, older age, shorter hospitalization duration, higher TBSA, etiology of fire and flame, and accidental burn injuries. A Baux score of 76.5 had a sensitivity of 81.1%, specificity of 87.3%, accuracy of 86.1% in predicting mortality among our patients. The mortality probability for the study intervals were 20.67% (SD 33.0%) for 2011–2018, and 17.02% (SD 29.9%) for 2018–2022 (P < 0.001). The LA50 was 52.15 ± 2 for all patients. This ammount was 50 ± 2% in 2011–2018, and 54 ± 2 in 2018–2022 (P < 0.001). The mean LA50 values showed significant improvements following significant modifications in our critical care for burn victims, including augmented intensive care unit capacity, prompt relocation of inhalation burn cases to the intensive care unit, establishing a well-trained multidisciplinary team, and improved infection control. To improve outcomes for burn patients in developing countries, major changes should be made in the management of burn patients and LA50 is a reliable assessment tool for evaluating the how these changes affect patient’s outcomes.

Intervensi Konseling Pranikah Untuk Meningkatkan Kesiapan Menikah Pada Pemuda Di Desa Botuboluo Kecamatan Biluhu Kabupaten Gorontalo

The need to provide information to youth about the impact of marriage at an early age, and to facilitate youth readiness in preparing for marriage, counseling intervention is needed. The research objectives are (a) to describe the profile of marriage readiness in youth, and (b) to provide services in the form of marriage preparation to test the effectiveness of premarital counseling interventions. The research design used in this study is the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research stage is adapting the counseling intervention stage using the classical guidance service strategy. The population is all youth who are in the vulnerable early adulthood age in Botuboluo Village, Biluhu District, Gorontalo Regency, and the sample is 25 early adults/unmarried youth. Research findings: (a) the profile of youth marriage readiness before premarital counseling intervention is in the traditional category, and after premarital counseling, intervention is in the harmonious category; and (b) the effectiveness of premarital counseling to improve marriage readiness, there is a difference in scores between the results of the pre-test and post-test results of marriage readiness for youth in Botuboluo Village, Biluhu District, Gorontalo Regency who are given the action. The specific description of the article is discussed further in this article.

ВПЛИВ ФІЗКУЛЬТУРНО-ОЗДОРОВЧИХ ЗАНЯТЬ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ЗАСОБІВ EMS-ТРЕНУВАННЯ НА ФІЗИЧНИЙ СТАН ЖІНОК ПЕРШОГО ПЕРІОДУ ЗРІЛОГО ВІКУ

Introduction. Nowadays each of us cares about health state, wellbeing, working capacity and methods how to increase that, to make it efficient. Solving eternal question, we have to focus our attention on the researches of physical education innovative methods, the usage of which will contribute towards human’s physical state level rise. The rapid pace of life literally wears out young women and men. Especially it refers to the early adulthood age women. Most of them during the day must combine work (which quite often leads to occupational disease), housekeeping, raising children and everyday life worries. Described women have only 1-3 free hours per day. The deficit of time to spare leads to inability of women to take care of self-health state and visit fitness classes. Such pastime allows to increase the level of physical state and consequently improve health state and working capacity. Therefore, the question of fitness classes optimization is the topical and can be solved with the usage of the latest technologies. One of these technologies is the EMS Xbody exercise machine, which is based on artificial electrical muscle stimulation. Classes using the EMS Xbody exercise machine for 30-45 minutes are equivalent to 1.5-2 hours of training in the gym, which is important for working women with no time to spare. In addition, the use of the EMS Xbody exercise machine causes a number of changes in the functional systems of a woman’s body, helps to increase her working capacity, and improves her fitness level. Hypothesis of research consists in a physical state improvement of the early adulthood age women who used EMS training tools during fitness classes. Purpose of research: determine an influence of the fitness classes with EMS training tools on the physical state of the early adulthood age women. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific-methodological literature, anthropometric methods, pedagogical testing, functional research methods, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Research involved 8 early adulthood age women from 27 to 35 years old who are participants of the fitness studio "EMS Fit Studio", Dnipro and have no deviation in their health. Results: determined that the introduction of the EMS training methodology to the fitness classes process with early adulthood age women contributes to: lowering the heart rate, improving the functional reserves of the cardiovascular system and increasing the level of physical preparation. Conclusions. 1. The optimization process of fitness classes conducting with early adulthood age women is possible in case when EMS training tools are used, namely the EMS Xbody exercise machine, which is based on artificial electrical muscle stimulation.2. EMS training tools usage in the fitness classes conduction process and the selection of exercises (with taking into account the women professional activities peculiarities), help to improve the early adulthood age women physical state. Keywords: early adulthood age women, fitness classes, physical state, EMS training tools, EMS Xbody exercise machine.

Sustained versus instantaneous connectivity differentiates cognitive functions of processing speed and episodic memory.

Synchrony of brain activity over time describes the functional connectivity between brain regions but does not address the temporal component of this relationship. We propose a complementary method of analysis by introducing the width of cross-correlation curves between functional MRI (fMRI) time series as a metric of the relative duration of synchronous activity between brain regions, or "sustained connectivity". Using resting-state fMRI, cognitive, and demographics data from 1,003 subjects included in the Human Connectome Project, we find that sustained connectivity is a reproducible trait in individuals, heritable, more transient in females, and shows changes with age in early adulthood. Sustained connectivity in sensory brain regions is specifically associated with differences in processing speed across subjects, particularly in men. In contrast, traditional functional connectivity was correlated with a measure of episodic memory, but not with processing speed. Individual differences in hemodynamic response function (HRF) are closely approximated by sustained connectivity and width of the HRF is also correlated with processing speed across individuals, suggesting that variability in hemodynamic response may be influenced by transient versus sustained neural activity rather than simply differences in vascularity and signal transduction. Sustained connectivity may provide new opportunities to study brain dynamics in clinical populations.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice on Oral Health and Oral Hygiene Status Among Fitche Preparatory School Students in Fitche Town, Oromia, Ethiopia

Background: Good oral hygiene is essential for the well-being of an individual. However lack of knowledge, negative attitude and poor oral hygiene practices may predispose to oral related diseases. This study sought to determine whether practice and knowledge on oral health relate to the oral hygiene status. The study design was been descriptive cross-sectional study and the study population will involves both male and female students sampled from the class. Data will be analyzed using scientific calculator and presented in form of tables, charts and graphs. The number of participant for this study is 264 students and of these 158 [60%] and 106 [40%] are female. Most of them are between the age of 18-22, or in early adult hood age. From all respondents, 228 or 86% of give care for their tooth and mouth at least once a day and the remaining 36 [14%] of students replied they were not give care for their mouth and teeth properly. The main reason for not give mouth care is lack of money to buy toothpaste [56%], belief of not necessary [22%] and do not have toothbrush 8 [22%]. All the above result shows that status of oral hygiene is low among fiche preparatory students. The result also shows that peer pressure is encouraging in supporting good oral hygiene as we observe in the above that 71.2% of our study participants got appreciation from their colleagues after they clean their teeth.

Attachment Style and the Predisposition to Eating Disorders in Adolescence

This study arouses from my personal interest to understand more about the attachment styles processes of the teenage girls and the predisposition to develop an eating disorder. Eating disorders in adolescence are being widely noted in the albanian society. Individuals affected more often by eating disorders are women, mostly girls in late adolescence and early adulthood age. The purpose of this study was to focus on exploring the relationship between the tendency to develop an eating disorder and attachment style of teenage girls 15-18 years old. In this study participated 287 teenage girls. They completed two measure instruments: Multidimensional eating disorder Inventory-Garner, Olmstead - Polivy (1983) which measured respectively eating disorders symptoms and Batholomew’s Attachment Style Inventory (1991) which measured the attachment styles of the teenage girls. The hypothesis of the current study was that there was a significant link between unhealthy attachment styles (unsecure, avoidant, disorganized) and the tendecy to develop an eating disorder at teenage girls 15-18 years old. The result in the end of th study was that there is a statistically important relationship between the tendency to develop an eating disorder and unhealthy attachment styles (unsecure, avoidant, disorganized). The study showed that the correlation between unhealthy attachment styles and tendency to develop an eating disorder was significant. Teenage girls with unhealthy attachment styles showed more symptoms of eating disorders, they were in border to develop an eating disorders or they already had one.

Attachment Style and the Predisposition to Eating Disorders in Adolescence

This study arouses from my personal interest to understand more about the attachment styles processes of the teenage girls and the predisposition to develop an eating disorder. Eating disorders in adolescence are being widely noted in the albanian society. Individuals affected more often by eating disorders are women, mostly girls in late adolescence and early adulthood age. The purpose of this study was to focus on exploring the relationship between the tendency to develop an eating disorder and attachment style of teenage girls 15-18 years old. In this study participated 287 teenage girls. They completed two measure instruments: Multidimensional eating disorder Inventory-Garner, Olmstead - Polivy (1983) which measured respectively eating disorders symptoms and Batholomew’s Attachment Style Inventory (1991) which measured the attachment styles of the teenage girls. The hypothesis of the current study was that there was a significant link between unhealthy attachment styles (unsecure, avoidant, disorganized) and the tendecy to develop an eating disorder at teenage girls 15-18 years old. The result in the end of th study was that there is a statistically important relationship between the tendency to develop an eating disorder and unhealthy attachment styles (unsecure, avoidant, disorganized). The study showed that the correlation between unhealthy attachment styles and tendency to develop an eating disorder was significant. Teenage girls with unhealthy attachment styles showed more symptoms of eating disorders, they were in border to develop an eating disorders or they already had one.

FEAR OF NEGATIVE APPEARANCE EVALUATION TERHADAP CITRA TUBUH WANITA

The study was done to know the influence of fear of negative appearance evaluation toward body image of overweight women of late adolescene and early adulthood ages in Jakarta. Researcher used scale quantitatif methods psychology. Researcher used adapted instrument, namely MBRSQ-AS and FNAES. There are 108 samples of respondent which is overweight women of late adolescene and early adulthood ages. The data processing used in testing of hyphotheses analytics regression. The result of the influence is negative. It means that the higher fear of negative appearance evaluation the lower body image. The big influenced produced fear of negative appearance evaluation is 10,7% and the rest influenced by others.

Bone marrow fat unsaturation in young adults is not affected by present or childhood obesity, but increases with age: A pilot study

ObjectivesObesity increases bone marrow fat (BMF) content. The association between early obesity and bone marrow fatty acid composition is unknown. We measured BMF unsaturation index (UI) in normal-weight and overweight young adults with a known weight status in early childhood and tested the relationship between BMF UI and exercise history, glycemic state, and other clinical characteristics. MethodsThe study included 18 normal-weight (BMI <25kg/m2; 2 males, 16 females) and 17 overweight (BMI ≥25kg/m2; 9 males, 8 females) young adults aged 15–27 years. BMF UI was assessed with magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy optimized to reduce water interference. Exercise information was obtained with a pedometer accompanied with the history of recent physical activity. Blood samples (insulin, glucose, HbA1c) and body characteristics (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat composition) were assessed. ResultsBMF UI was not affected by obesity at the time of study or before age 7years. BMF UI increased with age in normal-weight and overweight subjects (R=0.408, p=0.015) but did not associate with gender, physical activity or body fat composition; a suggestive association was observed with glucose (R=−0.289, p=0.10). ConclusionsThe association of BMF UI with age in early adulthood may represent normal maturation of bone marrow. There was a trend toward an association with blood glucose, warranting further studies.

DANCE ARTS EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN’S CHARACTER BUILDING

The dance arts as a creation of human expressions in addition having its beauty value and ethicsinstillation, it also contains a useful meaning for the audience, actors, or observers. Dance arts evolvewith the changing times, so that the function of dance arts is no longer as entertainment or spectaclebut develops towards the direction of the educational activity. Function of dance arts education inearly childhood contributes to build the children’s character. Children’s character building should beestablished at an early age to avoid new human moral crisis trends in developing countries. Thismoral crisis is a proof that the aspect of sense, character, and spiritual have not been built in thecommunity. The phenomenon of moral crisis is characterized by the attitude of indifference towardothers, selfishness, aggressive behavior, or high destructive behavior in a human. Dance artseducation as a form of works of beauty, is assumed to be able to overcome the problems associatedwith the crisis of moral and civilized nations and the establishment of the nation’s character. Byintroducing the dance arts education at early age to adulthood, an individual will be trained to besensitive to the unity, harmony, refinement of manners, and taste. Dance activities will be built whensomeone is introduced either through formal and informal education. The dance arts education thatwas introduced starting from the path of early childhood through college, can grow even enhance theappreciation of aesthetic and ethic. From the appreciative activities it can apply character educationin children. The results of the study are grounded on the concept of dance education that is the artseducation that is based on the character that involves aspects of knowledge (cognitive), feeling, andaction. Implementation of dance education in building the character of children is through the fourway consisting of: (1) guidance as a basis for building the character of the child, (2) educationalmaterial, (3) implementation of the method, and (4) implementation of the evaluation. Based onThomas Lickona, without these three aspects, character education will be not effective and itsimplementation must be done systematically and sustainably. With character education, a child willbe aesthetically and emotionally intelligent. Aesthetic and emotional intelligence is an importantprovision in preparing children to meet a bright future. The impact of aesthetic and moralintelligence is a person will be successful in dealing with all sorts of challenges, including academic,moral, people, even the global world challenges.

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis Interfering with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report

Ankylosing spondylitis is the axial skeleton and sacroiliac crick, starting in late adolescence or early adulthood age, and is characterized by spondyloarthropathy. Some symptoms are confused with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Our case had neck, back, waist, and heel pain and morning stiffness lasting about half an hour and was admitted with complaints. Lateral lumbar spine radiographs taken at the corners of the lumbar vertebral bodies compatible with DISH consecutive osteophytes were detected, and radiography of the calcaneus of the lateral foot showed hyperostosis compatible with DISH. However, the patient was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis because of a bilateral crick in the sacroiliac radiography. In this case-a differential diagnosis between DISH and ankylosing spondylitisclinical and radiological features were assessed by reviewing the literature.

Effects of Childhood Bullying Extend Into Middle Age

Back to table of contents Previous article Clinical and Research NewsFull AccessEffects of Childhood Bullying Extend Into Middle AgeVabren WattsVabren WattsSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:12 May 2014https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2014.5b9AbstractIn light of data showing the long-term sequelae of childhood bullying, experts urge psychiatrists to take a more active role in attempts to reduce bullying in schools.The consequences of being bullied in childhood may persist at least until middle age, taking an emotional toll and affecting multiple areas of life. Researchers from the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College, London, conducted a study that followed 8,000 individuals for up to 50 years to assess the ramifications of childhood bullying victimization into adulthood. They reported their findings April 18 in AJP in Advance.O Driscoll Imaging/Shutterstock“This large-scale, longitudinal study documents the persistent and pervasive detrimental effects of childhood bullying,” commented David Fassler, M.D., a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont and a child and adolescent psychiatrist, who was not involved with the study. “Despite increased awareness and the widespread implementation of school-based prevention programs, bullying remains a common experience for many young people,” he told Psychiatric News, “with recent surveys indicating that as many as half of all children and adolescents are bullied at some time during their school years—and at least 10 percent being bullied on a regular basis.”According to the new study, relatively little is known about the long-term impact of bullying. Previous studies have assessed the impact of being the victim of childhood bullying into early adulthood—ages 18 to 25—but none have shown how being bullied during a person’s formative years can affect mental health in middle adulthood.To assess the consequences of childhood bullying victimization on midlife mental wellness, the researchers collected data from the British National Child Development Study, which has been following the lives of all children born in England, Scotland, and Wales during one week in 1958. The researchers analyzed information obtained from those individuals—along with information reported by their parents—concerning bullying exposures between ages 7 and 11. Follow-up assessments of participants were conducted between ages 23 and 50. The results showed that childhood bullying was relatively common among this population in the 1960s, with 28 percent of the participants having been victimized by bullying and 15 percent having been exposed to frequent bullying. Moreover, the sequelae were long-lasting for many of those on the receiving end of the bullying. Victims of childhood bullying had higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation at age 45, for example, compared with those who were not bullied. In addition, victims of childhood bullying were less likely to be living with a partner and have social relationships and were more likely to endure economic hardships, have a poor perceived quality of life, and self-report poor cognitive functioning at age 50.The authors noted that the findings “emphasize the importance of gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the persistence and pervasiveness of the impact of childhood bullying victimization,” adding that these findings “suggest that intervention efforts should aim to minimize poor health outcomes in young victims of bullying.”Stuart Twemlow, M.D., a retired professor of psychiatry at the Menninger Clinic at Baylor College of Medicine and an expert on bullying, agreed. “These results are straightforward and are fully expected as it relates to any type of childhood traumatization.” Twemlow said that more psychiatrists need to address bullying behavior, which often has its origins in school settings. “Psychiatrists need to have a more active role in school issues,” Twemlow told Psychiatric News. “Psychiatrists need to be willing to sit down with schools and help to manage the extraordinary amounts of victimization indicated by the current studies. British schools represented in this study are no different from the schools in the U.S. when it pertains to this issue.”Because previous research has shown childhood bullying to negatively affect scholastic performance and coping skills into early adulthood, Twemlow stated that psychiatrists need to talk to all patients—no matter their age—about childhood bullying. Failure to do so, he said, “is a tragedy.”Twemlow concluded that because psychiatrists have a knowledge of the mind and body, as well as knowledge of the responsibilities of being a health care professional, “psychiatrists are in a unique position to help parents and schools tackle this major mental health issue.” ■“Adult Health Outcomes of Childhood Bullying Victimization: Evidence From a Five-Decade Longitudinal British Birth Cohort” can be accessed here. ISSUES NewArchived

P02-69 - Social and clinical characteristics convicted mentally ill males and females, which are needed inpatient treatment

In aim to give a more precise definition dynamic treats of mental disorders in convicted population, criteria of their penitentiary legal capacity 160 subjects were examined. Participants were 73,2% males, and 26,8% females.The revealed unique features of the inmates reflect general tendency of increasing the number of marginal persons in the institutions of confinement. They were: low parental family status, drug abuse heredity loading, insufficient education level, limited professional skills, releasing from statuary service commitment, negative interpersonal and employment history.Specific features of female mentally ill inmates were the following: commitment due to offenders against persons, adolescence and early adulthood age, correspondingly commitment and psychiatric treatment at first time, the country side residence, psychiatric heredity loading, and repeated auto aggressive acts. They demonstrated desadaptation in the institutions of confinement, aggressiveness to others inmates and the stаff members, scratching and attempts of suffocation. The last one was the reason for hospitalization. Moreover, they were needed in long term treatment. Prevalence of personality and non psychotic disorders were registered.Different features were specific for the male sample. Among them - institution of criminal proceedings against property, history of long-term commitment, recidivism and reiterated involvement in criminal proceedings and correctional units, city residence, low status in criminal subculture, scratching and declaration go on hunger strike, practice blackmail and opposite behavior against administration of state penitentiary. They have often resorted to psychiatrists, and were needed in repeated hospitalizations. Brain damages, prevalence of internal symptoms in psychogenic disorders and psychotic states.

EFFECTS OF VITAMIN A ON LUNG DEVELOPMENT IN THE RAT FROM EARLY AGE TO ADULTHOOD

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiologic studies show that nutritional deficiency can alter lung development and have later adverse effects on lung function and respiratory health. Vitamin A is an important nutrient and is considered important in lung development and maturation. Additional studies are required to address whether vitamin A deficiency adversely affects lung development from early age to adulthood and whether such effects can be blocked or reversed. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the effect of vitamin A on lung development in the rat from early age to adulthood. METHODS: Female rats were divided into control, marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD), and vitamin A intervention (VAI) groups. Control dams and pups were fed a normal diet (6500 U/kg vitamin A). MVAD rats were fed an MVAD diet (400 U/kg vitamin A). VAI rats were fed an MVAD diet until the birth of the pups and thereafter were fed with normal diet while the pups were given vitamin A through intragastric administration. All pups were killed at 8 weeks of age. Blood serum vitamin A levels were measured. Lungs were weighed and stained for light microscopy. RESULTS: The vitamin A level of the MVAD group was lower than that of the control group. Lung weight of MVAD rats was lower than that of the controls. Morphometric measurements showed that the alveolar number in MVAD rats was less than that of the controls, and alveolar septa were thicker than those of the controls. All results in VAI group were better than those in the MVAD group and showed no difference from the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A status in early life can affect the lung development from early age to adulthood. Such effects can be reversed by dietary intervention after birth.