Early Age Of Marriage Research Articles

Female Early Marriage and Son Preference in Pakistan

In this study, we employ pooled data from four rounds of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) to examine whether, and to what extent, does the incidence of early marriage shape the married women’s perspectives on gender preference associated with reproduction. We employ a number of econometric techniques (Probit, OLS, Cox Hazard Model, IV Probit and treatment effects) and a large set of model specifications, and find significant evidence supporting the role of early marriage in perpetuating disproportionate preference for boys. Women who married before turning 18 not only state a greater desire for boys but are also less likely to stop reproduction as long as they do not have a boy. Early-age marriage is associated with 7.7–12.5 per cent higher incidence of fertility discontinuation among women without a son. This son-preferring behaviour is stronger at higher birth order and also reflects in differential spacing patterns. Women’s education appears to be the strongest channel through which these effects are mediated. The divergence between early- and late-marrying women appears to have sharpened over time. The findings of this study underscore the role played by early marriage in altering the gender-specific attitudes prevalent in the society, and highlight existing gender inequality traps.

The Factors Affecting Female Literacy Rate in Rural Areas of Kech

In the present study, the researchers explored various factors that affected the female literacy rate in rural areas of district Kech. Females are considered to be the first educators of the new generation, and as well as the literacy of females is considered to be a significant symbol for the socio-economic development of any country. However, the nature of the present study was quantitative, and the research type was explanatory and exploratory. The universe of the study was the rural areas of district Kech. And sampling units were the heads of the female primary schools, teachers of female primary schools and parents of the females. Thus, convenience sampling was used to distribute the response, and the data collection tool was a structured questionnaire. The recommended sample was 230. Data were analyzed through SPSS software. The study's findings revealed various factors affecting the female literacy rate in rural areas of district Kech. The factors which affected the female literacy rate were; poor policy implementation, social and cultural norms, shortage of teachers, early age marriage, lack of awareness, parents’ negative attitude, long distance, domestic chores, ghost schools, poverty, lack of facilities, religion misinterpretation, teacher’s absenteeism, lack of infrastructure and buildings, illiterate parents, political interference, the security issue of rural areas. Government should provide basic facilities, better teacher training, technologically equipped classrooms and a school environment for quality education in rural areas of Kech.

Pendidikan Agama sebagai prevensi pernikahan dini: analisis terhadap pemahaman dan praktik agama dalam mengatasi fenomena pernikahan dini di Pekanbaru

Erly-age marriage remains a severe issue in Indonesia, including in Pekanbaru. This phenomenon seriously impacts individuals and society, including poor reproductive health, low education and skills, social and emotional problems, financial issues, and family problems. This study analyzed the religious understanding and practices in the Pekanbaru community related to early-age marriage through a descriptive qualitative approach. The results indicated that adolescents' common religious knowledge and lack of religious education were the main factors contributing to the early-age marriage. This research advises enhancing religious education in schools and communities and teaching concepts such as gender equality, children's rights, and social responsibility to improve public awareness and prevent early-age marriage in Pekanbaru.

Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Medical Interns regarding Contraception in a Tertiary Care Centre

Maternal mortality is one of the significant burdens requiring appropriate measures including family planning methods to control post-partum morbidity and mortality. The early age of marriage among women is accompanied by early pregnancies also contributes to maternal mortality. Knowledge about contraceptive usage could prevent such incidences. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding contraceptives among medical interns in our college. This cross-sectional questionnaire study was done on 60 house surgeons (interns), at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote, using a validated questionnaire that consisted of 22 questions including MCQs and case scenarios to assess their knowledge, perception, and attitude about contraceptive methods. Data were analyzed in the form of percentages. Among 60 interns, 36 were females and the majority of students were from urban backgrounds. About 73.3% of interns had adequate knowledge about various contraceptive methods and their usage. The interns have a perception that illiteracy, lack of awareness and social, and religious values are major hurdles for contraceptive usage and have an attitude that doctors are most suitable to give information regarding contraceptive methods. Considering medical interns as future physicians and their responsible role in counseling about contraceptive usage in effective family planning, they need to have a positive attitude with fair knowledge and perception about the contraceptive methods which can be achieved by educating them early in their academic carrier.

KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA DALAM PROSES KEPUTUSAN PERNIKAHAN (STUDI PADA PELAKU PERNIKAHAN DINI DI BOGOR)

This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the description of the family communication process in deciding early marriage, early marriage which is increasingly happening in adolescents. Early-age marriage. The communication concept used is family communication. This research method is a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were couples who married at an early age in Cibinong District, Bogor Regency, totaling 4 couples. The data were analyzed using observations and interviews in the field. Parents of early couples initially did not approve of their children's early marriage plans on the grounds that they wanted their children to have a higher education and a better standard of living, but economic factors were one of the main reasons why education could not continue to higher education.

Is Maternal Breastfeeding Motivation and Exclusive Breastfeeding Influenced by early Marriage age?

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is beneficial for mother and child health. However, exclusive breastfeeding rate is low among young mothers. Thus, our study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal breastfeeding motivation and exclusive breastfeeding and determine whether the early marriage age influences both variables in Gunung Kidul District, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted among young adolescent mothers. A total of 144 married women who had young children aged six to 12 months were selected using simple random sampling. Exclusive breastfeeding was the dependent variable, while maternal breastfeeding motivation was the independent variable. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression, and mantel haenzel tests were performed to analyse the relationship between variables using STATA 14.2. Results: Maternal age at marriage > 20 years (OR = 2.98; 95%CI: 1.15-7.74) and good maternal breastfeeding motivation (OR = 22.02; 95%CI: 7.55-64.2) were associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. In the stratification analysis, a larger association was found between maternal breastfeeding motivation and exclusive breastfeeding among younger mothers (OR=3.96; 95%CI: 2.25-6.97) compared to older mothers (OR = 1.79; 95%CI: 1.29-2.48). Conclusions: Maternal breastfeeding motivation positively influences exclusive breastfeeding practice. Notably, young mothers are more likely to be motivated to breastfeed their children exclusively than older mothers. The results suggest a need to improve maternal breastfeeding motivation through quality prenatal and postnatal care services that involve other family members.

Prevalence of cervical cancer in Ain Defla region (Algeria).

The high rate of cervical cancer in Algeria and the absence of organized screening programs are well shown in this study, which aims to determine the prevalence of cervical cancer and describe the risk factors associated with this alarming prevalence. This retrospective study is based on data collected from medical records and A questionnaire was developed to assess the risk factors (such as: parity, age at first marriage, smoking, oral contraceptive, and Hormonal status) of cervical cancer among the participants. Face to Face interview were conducted with the participants. The result obtained from this study revealed that cervical cancer occupies the fourth place of cancer in the Wilaya of Ain Defla (4,71 %); the results confirm the effect of several risk factors such as early marriage age (below 20 years: 46.66 %), multiparity (53.33%), menopause (66.66 %); taking contraception (53.33%) and smoking in the development of this pathology. The adoption of an early and annual screening program in our region would be very important to us. In addition, the interest of annual screening is to raise women's awareness of this pathology, particularly in isolated regions.

Determinants of Reproductive Tract Infection among married women in rural and peri-urban areas of Aligarh: A cross sectional Study

Background: Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI) have a direct impact on reproductive and child health through infertility, cancers, and pregnancy complications, and they have an indirect impact through their role in facilitating the sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. Objectives: To find the prevalence and determinants of RTI/STI among married women of reproductive age group in rural and peri-urban areas of Aligarh. Methods: The data were collected by using a pretested, semi-structured with both open and closed-ended questionnaire from 500 married women of reproductive age group. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20.0 Proportion, frequencies, ?2, and logistic regression were used to interpret the data. Results: Prevalence of RTI/STI symptoms was found to (42.8%) in rural areas and 37.6 % in peri-urban areas. Strong association was found in study subjects having lower educational status, who were not using any contraceptive method, not following good menstrual hygiene, early marriage age had husband history of RTI/STI, had a history of abortion, had a history of violence, and increased parity. Conclusions: Prevalence of symptoms found to be associated with these females having low educational status, early age of marriage, high parity, partner history of reproductive Tract Infections, history of violence etc. So, there should be more focus on improvement in these factors to reduce the prevalence.

Edukasi Generasi Berencana (Genre) dalam Mengatasi Pernikahan Dini di Kecamatan Kutalimbaru Kecamatan Deli Serdang

Early-age marriage. Kutalimbaru sub-district Deli Serdang district is one of the sub-districts in North Sumatra with a fairly high number of early marriages, based on information from the village government and the community, early marriage continues to increase from year to year, in 2020 the number of early marriages in Kutalimbaru District Deli Serdang Regency reached 41.34%. The factors that cause the high number of early marriages in Kutalimbaru District include media factors, the average parent in Kutalimbaru District cannot use smartphones, The low level of education in using media for most parents causes them to be unable to assist their children to use technology. according to age. Parents also do not supervise the education and socialization of children. Economic factors are also one of the causes of early marriage, marriage is the main solution, especially for young women to continue their life stage and no longer be a burden on the family. North to be able to actualize the Generation Planning (GenRe) program which is one of the population control programs with the target of teenagers to prepare family life for teenagers and this program invites teenagers to avoid early marriage and premarital sex.

What Predict Modern Contraception Use? A Study of Reproductive Age Married Couples in Indonesia

ABSTRACTBackground: Health, including reproductive health is everyone's right. Reproductive health can be achieved in several ways, including the practice of family planning through modern contraception used by married couples. Modern contraception brings positive impact for ensuring couples and families’ overall health and wellbeing. However, prevalence of modern contraception use among couples is still low, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine factors that predicted the modern contraception use of reproductive age married couples in Indonesia.Method: This study was quantitative study with cross-sectional approach. Data used in this study was secondary data from the 2021 Family Data Collection. Sampling technique was saturated sampling on reproductive age couples in 34 Provinces in Indonesia. Dependent variable was modern contraception use. Independent variables were women's ideal marriage age, women's early marriage age, and ideal number of children preferences. Data analysis used multiple linear regression test. Results: Results showed that variables that were significantly related to modern contraception use were women's ideal marriage age, women's early marriage age, and ideal number of children preferences (p<0.001). There was significant relationship between each variable women's ideal marriage age (p<0.001), women's early marriage age (p<0.001), and ideal number of children preferences (p<0.001) with modern contraception use. women's ideal marriage age, women's early marriage age, and ideal number of children preferences were predictors of modern contraception use among reproductive age married couples in Indonesia, both simultaneously and individually. Based on study results, reproductive age couples need to consider their age of marriage and gain good information and understanding about children preferences. It is hoped that it would increase their participation of modern contraception use.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH DENGAN USIA PERNIKAHAN DINI DI KECAMATAN BOROBUDUR KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Early marriage is a marriage performed by a male and female couple at the age of puberty (10-19 years). Data from the Ministry of Religion of Magelang Regency from January to September 2020, 1069 marriages were married at the age of 16-21 years and as many as 154 married at the age of 16 years. While the data obtained at the Religious Affairs Office of the Borobudur District, the number of early marriages in 2020 was 11 teenagers and 3 teenagers January to February 2021. The factors that influence early marriage are knowledge, premarital sexual behavior, economy, family and community cultural traditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and premarital sexual behavior with early marriage age in Borobudur District Magelang Regency. This research is a quantitative research type of analytic observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples is all adolescents aged less than 19 years who have married a number of 40 respondents. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet. Data analysis used Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that the variable related to early marriage age was knowledge (p value = 0.346), and the variable that was not related to early marriage age was premarital sexual behavior (p value = -0.211). From the results of the study, it is hoped that it can provide information and public understanding about premarital sexual knowledge and behavior, so as to prevent the occurrence of early marriage in adolescents

Cervical cancer screening by simple visual inspection after acetic acid

Background: Naked-eye visual inspection of the cervix with acetic-acid wash (VIA), or cervicoscopy, is an alternative to cytology in screening for cervical cancer in poorly resourced locations. Aims: This study were to determine whether visualization of cervix after acetic acid can identify early cancer, and to detect lesions in symptom free women. Results: In present study mean age of cancer cervix is 35-39 yrs. Low socio-economic status, early age of marriage, early age at first child birth, high parity was associated with cervical cancer. Patients who had erosions, leukoplakia or unhealthy cervix should take as high-risk group and subject to screening procedures. 26.8% patients with healthy cervix had positive acetowhite areas and were proven for cervical cancer by biopsy. Most common symptom with which the patients presented were white discharge per vagina, menorrhagia. These symptoms correlated with the associated cervical cancer in 90% of cases. All patients with positive biopsy showed acetowhite areas. Conclusion: All the patients with acetic acid positive areas should be subjected to colposcopy and biopsy before treating them directly to avoid false positive cases, since biopsy is the gold standard.

A Critical Study On Raising The Marriageable Age For Girls Up To 21 Years

In many traditional societies, there is a certain law that gives a gateway to the marriage of girls and boys legally. The main object of this Research Paper is to provide why women’s marriageable age has to be increased. Many data have been given with reason but still, the major proportion of women’s marriages is still taking place who are below the 18 years. Also, this paper describes the unfavorable health issues to young mothers and to their newly born children due to the early age of marriage which include undernourishment and high mortality rates. In this paper, it has also been highlighted the complicated issues of marriage age, educational attainment, and low social status of women, and all of these can lead to major health impacts on young women. In this the empirical research methodology has been used since the data has been collected through experiences or observations. I have conducted broader research through Google by searching the legislation. We also searched some papers by using keywords like early marriages, child marriage etc.

Dispensasi Pernikahan Dini Pasca Revisi Undang-Undang Perkawinan di Indonesia

This study aims to determine the form of marriage dispensation after the revision of the marriage law by examining the factors that cause marriage dispensations and the implications of marriage dispensations on family life. The method used in this paper is based on a literature review and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results show that the cause of early age marriage comes from the individual factors of the child himself and the factors of his parents. The existence of early marriage has psychological and social implications for children, parents, and the surrounding environment. Therefore, to reduce the prevalence of early marriage, strategic steps are taken jointly by the family, the Office of Religious Affairs, the government, religious leaders, and other community leaders.

FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERNIKAHAN USIA DINI TERHADAP REMAJA PUTRI


 The early-age marriage is a marriage which done under reproductive age, <20 years old. Riskesdas (2013) stated that among the women at 10 – 54 years old, 2,6 % got marriedbefore 15 years old and 23,9 % at 15-19 years old. Based on the data from Religious Affairs Office (Kantor Urusan Agama) in Kecamatan Na IX-X, there were 83 teenage girls got married at <20 years old in 2015. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors which have correlation with early-age marriage on teenage girls in Kecamatan Na IX-X Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara in 2016. This is an analytic study with Case Control design. The results for every variables are; knowledge (p=0,0005), education (p=0,0005), jobs (p=0,0005), economic status (p=0,003), parents’ role (p=0,270), culture (p=0,001), promiscuity (p=0,001) and mass media (p=0,045), and the multivariate analysis showed that knowledge has p=0,001; OR= 5,082 (95% CI; 1,881-13,732). It can be concluded that there is no correlation between parents’ role and early-age marriage, and there are some correlations between knowledge, education, jobs, economic status, culture, promiscuity and mass media with early-age marriage, and the dominant factor is knowledge. 

Early Marriage and Various Factors That Affect

Background: In the Sustainable Goal Development or SDGs, one of the efforts made is to achieve gender equality and empower women, namely SDGs goal number five. One of the efforts made is to eliminate child marriage and early age marriage. Objective: This study aims to identify the factors causing early age marriage in Wonosari sub-district, Gunungkidul district. The factors that influence early marriage are respondent characteristics, level of knowledge, attitudes, family support, the role of peers and access to information. Methods: This research is an analytical survey using a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. by using research subjects in the form of respondents as many as 115 respondents while the object of research is in Wonosari sub-district, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta. Result: The results of the analysis in this study indicate that education has a negative and significant effect on early marriage. Knowledge has a negative and significant effect on early marriage. Family support has a positive and significant effect on early marriage. The role of peers has a positive and significant effect on early marriage. Access to information has a negative and significant effect on early marriage. Employment status has a negative and insignificant effect on early marriage. Family income has a negative and insignificant effect on early marriage and attitudes have a positive and insignificant effect on early marriage. Conclusion: Education, knowledge, the role of peers, access information have significant effect on early marriage. Employment status, family income, and attitudes have insignificant effect on early marriage.

Exploring the determinants of female early age marriages in Pakistan

BackgroundEarly age marriage is associated with a range of poor social, economic, physical, and health outcomes for adolescent girls and their descendants. Early age marriage is a crime and violation of human rights. Female early age marriage is a serious issue in Pakistan. ObjectiveThe objective of the current study has been to find the key determinants of early age marriages of females in Pakistan. Participants and settingThe respondents of the study have been married females in the age group of 15–49 years. The nationally representative household survey data “Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-18” has been used for the analysis. MethodsThe analysis has been done using descriptive statistics, association tests, and logistic regression. ResultsThe results indicate that the variables included in the analysis are statistically significant. As compared to poorest, the odds ratios associated with poorer, middle, richer, richest have been 0.795, 0.722, 0.579, and 0.532 respectively. As compared to illiterate, the odds ratios associated with a primary, secondary, and a higher level of education have been: 0.954, 0.531, and 0.141 respectively. As compared to working females the odds ratio associated with not working has been 1.169. The odds ratios associated with Balochi, Saraiki, Pushto, Sindhi, Punjabi, and other ethnic groups have been 1.694, 1.499, 1.447, 1.195, 0.906, and 1.31 respectively. Being an urban resident has an odds ratio of 0.897 against the rural resident. ConclusionIt is concluded that higher education level of female, better household wealth status, working female job status and media exposure reduces the likelihood of girls' early age marriages in Pakistan.

A community-based cervical cancer screening program in Alappuzha district of Kerala using camp approach.

Background:Cervical cancer is a major cause of preventable cancer related death in women, particularly in middle-income developing countries. Screening of cervical pre-cancer by cytology remains an effective strategy for prevention of mortality. However, there is paucity of community-based studies in Kerala. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cervical precancerous lesions and to study the associated epidemiological factors through camp approach.Materials and Methods:A cross–sectional study was carried out among women in Alappuzha district, Kerala, by conducting community-based screening camps covering all the panchayaths from February 2017 to January 2019.Statistical Analysis Used:Descriptive statistics including mean for continuous variables and frequency along with their percentage for categorical variables were determined. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to determine the strength of the association between variables. Statistical significance was set at P value less than 0.05.Results:Out of 5241 women screened, majority (62.9%) were in the reproductive age group (31–50 years) with mean age of 47.1 ± 10.3 years. The prevalence of precancerous lesions of cervix was 6.37%, which consisted of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 2.2%, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 0.5% and Carcinoma-in-situ in 0.2%. Risk factors that had significant association with cervical precancerous lesions were lower education status, genital infections, early marriage age and high parity.Conclusion:Well planned community-based screening programs can help to identify the exact prevalence of cervical pre-cancer in a region and the associated epidemiological factors leading to formulation of effective elimination strategies.

Kematangan emosi dan penyesuaian perkawinan pada pernikahan usia muda di Kabupaten Tulungagung

The phenomenon of marriage at a young age is increasing in Tulungagung. Teenagers who decide to marry young will experience some negative impacts, especially if they are not accompanied with a mature emotional state. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional maturity and marital adjustment in young marriages. This study uses quantitative methods. Subjects are selected using purposive sampling technique with the criteria of couples who married when their age is less than 21 years old, with a marriage age of 1-5 years in Tulungagung Regency. This study obtained as many as 83 respondents. This study collected data using a scale of emotional maturity and marriage adjustment through google form and then analyzed using the correlation product moment formula. The results showed the value of r = 0.534 (p <0.05) which means that there is a positive relationship between emotional maturity and marital adjustment. The higher the emotional maturity, the higher the marital adjustment. Vice versa, if emotional maturity is low, marital adjustment will also be low. Keywords: Early age marriages, emotional maturity, marital adjustment

Komunikasi Dakwah dan Peran Ulama dalam Mencegah Pernikahan Dini di Nusa Tenggara Barat

This study aims to determine the involvement and role of ulama in preventing early-age marriage in West Nusa Tenggara. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with the type of library research. Data collection techniques using the literature review through various references related to research. The results of the research through a literature review are looking at government programs such as those related to early-age marriage, then the stakeholders involved are not enough from government agencies only. It’s also important the involvement and role of ulama as role models for the community in suppressing cases of early-age marriage through da'wah communication activities and forming special guidance and assistance programs for parents and adolescents regarding the negative impacts on early-age marriage.