Earlier Work Research Articles

A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multi-Modal.

Knowledge graph reasoning (KGR), aiming to deduce new facts from existing facts based on mined logic rules underlying knowledge graphs (KGs), has become a fast-growing research direction. It has been proven to significantly benefit the usage of KGs in many AI applications, such as question answering, recommendation systems, and etc. According to the graph types, existing KGR models can be roughly divided into three categories, i.e., static models, temporal models, and multi-modal models. Early works in this domain mainly focus on static KGR, and recent works try to leverage the temporal and multi-modal information, which are more practical and closer to real-world. However, no survey papers and open-source repositories comprehensively summarize and discuss models in this important direction. To fill the gap, we conduct a first survey for knowledge graph reasoning tracing from static to temporal and then to multi-modal KGs. Concretely, the models are reviewed based on bi-level taxonomy, i.e., top-level (graph types) and base-level (techniques and scenarios). Besides, the performances, as well as datasets, are summarized and presented. Moreover, we point out the challenges and potential opportunities to enlighten the readers.

The didactic features of James Summers’s (1828–1891) research on Chinese*

Abstract James Summers (1828–1891) is distinguished as the first professor of Chinese in Britain to conduct systematic research on the Chinese language. During his tenure as a Chinese professor, Summers’s research on the Chinese language demonstrated a pronounced didactic emphasis. This was evident in his departure from rigidly following linguistic theories, his adoption of diverse linguistic ideas and methodologies from scholars of varied backgrounds, and his inclusion of multiple varieties of Chinese as target languages, particularly Nanjing Mandarin. Summers’s early missionary work in China, along with his role at King’s College London, where he trained student interpreters for the British Foreign Office, greatly shaped his pedagogical focus. The didactic feature of his works aligns with the broader pragmatic approach of British sinology, reflecting the trend of recruiting retired missionaries and diplomats with experience in China into European university faculties after the mid-19th century.

Non-Circular Cross-Section Fibres for Composite Reinforcement—A Review with a Focus on Flat Glass Fibres

Glass fibre reinforcements form the backbone of the composites industry. Today, glass fibre products account for more than 95% of the fibre reinforcements used in the composites industry. Since the first commercialisation of glass fibres for composite reinforcement in the 1930s, the cross-sectional shape of glass fibres has remained exclusively circular. However, many of the other types of fibre reinforcement have a non-circular cross section (NCCS). This paper reviews the available knowledge on the production of NCCS glass fibres and some of the possibilities that such fibres offer to enhance the performance of glass reinforced polymer composites. The three parts of the review focus on early research work on different shapes of glass fibre, the developments leading to industrial-level production of NCCS glass fibres, and the more recent data available on the influence of the available commercially produced NCCS flat glass fibres on composite performance. It Is concluded that the continued development of NCCS glass fibres may offer interesting potential to generate composites with increased performance and may also enable further tailoring of composite performance to enable new applications to be developed.

Molluscan systematics: historical perspectives and the way ahead.

Mollusca, the second-most diverse animal phylum, is estimated to have over 100,000 living species with great genetic and phenotypic diversity, a rich fossil record, and a considerable evolutionary significance. Early work on molluscan systematics was grounded in morphological and anatomical studies. With the transition from oligo gene Sanger sequencing to cutting-edge genomic sequencing technologies, molecular data has been increasingly utilised, providing abundant information for reconstructing the molluscan phylogenetic tree. However, relationships among and within most major lineages of Mollusca have long been contentious, often due to limited genetic markers, insufficient taxon sampling and phylogenetic conflict. Fortunately, remarkable progress in molluscan systematics has been made in recent years, which has shed light on how major molluscan groups have evolved. In this review of molluscan systematics, we first synthesise the current understanding of the molluscan Tree of Life at higher taxonomic levels. We then discuss how micromolluscs, which have adult individuals with a body size smaller than 5 mm, offer unique insights into Mollusca's vast diversity and deep phylogeny. Despite recent advancements, our knowledge of molluscan systematics and phylogeny still needs refinement. Further advancements in molluscan systematics will arise from integrating comprehensive data sets, including genome-scale data, exceptional fossils, and digital morphological data (including internal structures). Enhanced access to these data sets, combined with increased collaboration among morphologists, palaeontologists, evolutionary developmental biologists, and molecular phylogeneticists, will significantly advance this field.

Reducing uncertainty with iterative model updating parses effects of competition and environment on salamander occupancy.

Making timely management decisions is often hindered by uncertainty. Monitoring reduces two key types of uncertainty. First, it serves to reduce structural uncertainty of how the system works and provides support for expectations of how a system works. Second, it serves to reduce parametric uncertainty of the drivers of system dynamics. By combining monitoring data and quantitative models, we can reduce structural and parametric uncertainty. To demonstrate this, we focus on the Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah), a United States Federally Endangered Species. Early work suggested that P. shenandoah extinction risk results from competition with a conspecific (Plethodon cinereus). However, more recent work has found equivocal support for this claim, instead suggesting that abiotic factors, such as moisture and temperature, drive P. shenandoah persistence. Using long-term monitoring data, we find that while competition may play a part in P. shenandoah extinction risk, measures of surface moisture are better predictors of occupancy dynamics. Further, we find decreased detection rates of P. shenandoah when P. cinereus is present, suggesting a conflation of detection probability with actual competition, which cautions against making inference from unadjusted observations of occurrence. Using multiple lines of inquiry allows for more robust understanding of system drivers in the face of high uncertainty, increasing opportunities to manage extinction risk.

Mighty Eagles and Mercenaries: Existentialism and War in Ghāda al-Sammān’s Early Short Stories

Abstract This article looks at the existentialist nature of Ghāda al-Sammān’s early short stories, with a particular focus on her very first collection, Aynāka qadarī (Your eyes are my destiny), published in 1962. Ghāda al-Sammān was born in Syria and widely celebrated for her novelistic career: this article gives centrality to two of her early short stories as they present narratives that intricately weave individual and collective struggles within the context of the Algerian war of independence. Analysing the interplay between overarching Arab causes, feminism and existential themes, this study explores the nuanced portrayal of characters grappling with the complexities of war, morality and personal redemption. The protagonists, often embodying dichotomous perspectives, symbolize dignity and barbarism, echoing existentialist principles. The article examines how al-Samman’s youthful perspective and Sartrean influences shape the narratives, offering readers a unique lens into the psychological and moral dimensions of conflict. By unravelling layers of existential struggle and political engagement, this analysis sheds light on the richness and relevance of al-Samman’s early works within the broader literary and philosophical landscape.

Experimental access to volcanic eruptions

Well-chosen experiments provide access to a vast array of magmatic and volcanic processes, from magma transport within the lithosphere through volcanic eruptive phenomena to the fate of erupted materials in the earth system. This selected overview of contributions from our labs collates examples from early work on rheology and fragmentation to some recent experimental excursions into postfragmentation modification and the thermal and chemical journey of lavas and pyroclasts leading up to their deposition and lithification.

The additionally charged forces in the Sun-Earth and Earth-Moon systems

We build a model to describe the net charges existing in the Sun and Earth. According to statistical mechanics, electrons on average move much faster than protons and neutrons at the same temperature. Electrons escape the Sun more easily than protons and neutrons, so the Sun becomes a charged star. We estimate the maximal net charges in the Sun by using statistical mechanics first. Then, we analyze the dynamical cycles between the positive and negative charged states. At a distance far away from the Sun, the effective net charges including the leaving protons and electrons are about 6.3×109C with energies of 1 GeV initially. We also use another way based on the observations of the Earth's perihelion precession to estimate the minimum and maximum net charges between 1.15×108C and 2.80×1010C in space from the Sun to Earth. The most charged particles from the Sun to the Earth are electrons, so both the Moon and Earth are impacted by them and very possibly have the same electricity. Next, we propose new physical mechanisms causing the slowdown of the Earth's spin and propose Coulomb's repulsive force resulting in the increasing distance between the Moon and Earth. As a result, it gives the net charges of 1.11×106C surrounding the Earth and 8.29×103C surrounding the Moon. Our estimations also correspond to early works. The charges surrounding the Sun and Earth cause the Earth to be long-term accelerated in the radial direction by Coulomb's force. Finally, using the effective net charges of the Sun and Earth, we calculate the increasing distance between 11.4 m and 19.4 m on average per century if the initial radial velocities of the Earth are in between 3.59×10−9m/s and 6.12×10−9m/s, which satisfies the observed reports.

Cultivating a Culture of Trust: The Key to Unlocking Team Potential

This article examines the research behind psychological safety and provides practical recommendations for how leaders can cultivate it within their teams. Psychological safety refers to shared beliefs among team members that the team is safe for interpersonal risk-taking and idea sharing. Studies show that psychological safety positively impacts team innovation, collaboration, learning, and performance. However, few organizations consistently foster it. The article discusses the origin and key findings of psychological safety research, including Edmondson's early work and follow-up studies showing its relationship to various organizational outcomes. It then offers advice for leaders, such as modeling vulnerability, focusing on growth over blame, promoting inclusive decision-making, providing constructive feedback, and celebrating learning from failures. Industry examples from Netflix, Google, and Southwest Airlines illustrate how applying these practices helps maintain psychological safety. The article argues that proactive leadership is needed to establish psychological safety as a sustainable norm that allows teams to thrive and reach their highest potential.

A LYRICAL EVOCATION OF CHILDHOOD Ottó Tolnai: Ördögfej

This work deals with Ottó Tolnai’s young adult novel, Ördögfej [The Devil’s Head], published in 1970. More than fifty years have passed since its publication; however the work’s reception has remained quite poor, and the literature has hardly mentioned it as if it had been forgotten by scholars, considering this early prose work by Tolnai irrelevant. Even so, published immediately after his first novel titled Rovarház [The House of Insects] (1969), Ördögfej is also an important work by the author. In this novel, written for young readers, Tolnai’s favorite motifs, metaphors, and typical small-town, quirky characters, which would often appear later, were already present in a rudimentary state. The study analyses the novel’s formative force and explores the secret of Tolnai’s literary process which is realized on the level of visual art.

Cortical localization and the nerve cell: Freud's work in Meynert's psychiatry clinic.

Sigmund Freud's pioneering early work on individuated nerve cells, later termed "neurons," has long been recognized by the history of psychology. Yet, relatively little has been written about the influence of Freud's then mentor, Theodor Meynert, on Freud's 1884-1885 neuroanatomical research, or the monumental conceptual shift embodied in the project itself. Focusing on Freud's 1884 "Die Struktur der Elemente des Nervensytems" (The Structure of the Elements of the Nervous System) as his first true effort to describe individuated nerve cells, this article identifies Meynert as highly influential on Freud's turn to representative schema, further suggesting that Freud's brief foray in clinical neurology at Meynert's clinic aligns with Freud's move from the laboratory to the mind. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A Study of Realistic Love View in Love in a Fallen City

Love in a Fallen City is an early work by Eileen Chang, written during the war in Hong Kong. The work describes the tug of war in the relationships between Bai Liusu and Fan Liuyuan. It is about love, marriage, and human nature. This paper talks about the realistic love view in Love in a Fallen City in three parts, the love view shown in the work, and the influence of the author’s life experience and the historical background. This paper adds research about why the author’s writing style is different from mainstream research about the character image analysis of the work and the comparison between works. The author believes that the love view expressed by Eileen Chang in her works has realistic and sad colors. Eileen Chang uses the detailed portrayal of the protagonist’s inner thoughts and behaviors to echo real life. The seemingly happy ending also implies the sadness of the couple’s Superficial harmony and spiritual separation. At the same time, the content of the work is closely related to the author’s own experience. Eileen Chang incorporated her own experiences and the background of the war when creating the protagonist’s experience, which makes the content and style of her work extremely realistic. Therefore, it has become one of Eileen Chang’s most popular works.

The Office of Shaykh al-‘Aql of the Druze in Lebanon

This book forum centers on Said Abou Zaki's Arabic book, “The Office of Shaykh al-‘Aql of the Druze in Lebanon.” It includes contributions from various scholars, each offering a unique perspective on the historical and institutional analysis of Druze religious leadership in Lebanon: Tuba Yildiz, Yusri Hazran, Akram Khater, and Abdul Rahman M. Chamseddine. Yildiz acknowledges the lack of historical readings and erroneous information in early 20th-century works on the Druze. She appreciates Abou Zaki's comprehensive study of Lebanese and Ottoman perspectives, offering a broader understanding of the Druze religious institution's development and its connection with the Ottoman Empire's socio-religious policies. Hazran commends the book for providing a comprehensive historical study of the Druze community's religious and spiritual leadership, shedding light on its evolution from the 11th century through to the Ottoman Empire's fall. Although the book excels in its research methods and historical insights, Hazran suggests strengthening it by addressing specific methodological and historical issues, such as placing the discussion on existing narratives and substantiating Emir Bashir Shihab II's role in the schism. Khater highlights the internal tensions in Abou Zaki's book arising from its threefold goals: serving as a historiographical essay, an origins story, and a history of Mashyakhat al-‘Aql. Khater commends the work's critical review of existing literature and acknowledges the book's significant contribution to understanding the position of Shaykh al-‘Aql amidst political crises. Chamseddine praised Abou Zaki's critical historiographical approach and genealogical method. Chamseddine highlights the importance of integrating oral histories and local traditions into academic research. He notes that Abou Zaki's work sheds light on the Druze community's religious evolution, although he critiques the book's occasional lack of coherence due to abrupt transitions and unexplained terminology. The reviewers concluded that the book constitutes a significant contribution to Druze Studies.

Client characteristics and early working alliance development: A person-centered research approach

Objective Certain client characteristics are associated with early working alliance difficulties in psychotherapy. However, there is limited quantitative evidence on whether combinations of these characteristics (e.g., intersectional identities, prior treatment experiences) are related to alliance development. The present study leveraged a person-centered research approach to examine profiles of early alliance development and differences in the latent class structure of client characteristics among alliance development profiles. Method Individual psychotherapy clients (N = 2,579) rated the working alliance for their first four sessions and self-reported demographics, treatment history, and psychological distress. Therapists provided their assessment of clients’ primary presenting concerns at baseline. Results Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of working alliance development: high and stable, moderate and increasing, and low and stable. Follow-up person-centered analyses (multigroup confirmatory latent class analysis) indicated that clients in the alliance profiles differed in their combinations of clinical and demographic characteristics. For example, women of color with high baseline distress and a history of prior psychotherapy were over-represented in the low and stable alliance profile. Conclusion These results are consistent with recommendations to holistically consider how clients’ characteristics and experiences shape psychotherapy processes. Results also highlight the utility of person-centered quantitative methods in psychotherapy research.

Anatomical Connectivity Constrains Dynamic Functional Connectivity among Neural Systems: Implications for Cognition and Behavior

Abstract Leslie Ungerleider had a tremendous impact across many different areas of cognitive neuroscience. Her ideas and her approach, as well as her findings, will continue to impact the field for generations to come. One of the most impactful aspects of her approach was her focus on the ways that anatomical connections constrain functional communications among brain regions. Furthermore, she emphasized that changes in these functional communications, whether from lesions to the anatomical connections or temporary modulations of the efficacy of information transmission resulting from selective attention, have consequences for cognition and behavior. By necessity, this short review cannot cover the vast amount of research that contributed to or benefited from Leslie's work. Rather, we focus on one line of research that grew directly from some of Leslie's early work and her mentoring on these important concepts. This research and the many other lines of research that arose from these same origins has helped develop our understanding of the visual system, and cognitive systems more generally, as collections of highly organized, specialized, dynamic, and interacting subsystems.

Stable-to-unstable transition in quantum friction

We investigate the frictional force arising from quantum fluctuations when two dissipative metallic plates are set in a shear motion. While early studies showed that the electromagnetic fields in the quantum friction setup reach nonequilibrium steady states, yielding a time-independent force, other works have demonstrated the failure to attain steady states, leading to instability and time-varying friction under sufficiently low-loss conditions. Here, we develop a fully quantum-mechanical theory without perturbative approximations, and we unveil the transition from stable to unstable regimes of the quantum friction setup. Due to the relative motion of the plates, their electromagnetic response may be active in some conditions, resulting in optical gain. We prove that the standard fluctuation-dissipation leads to inconsistent results when applied to our system, and, in particular, it predicts a vanishing frictional force. Using a modified fluctuation-dissipation relation tailored for gain media, we calculate the frictional force in terms of the system Green's function, thereby recovering early works on quantum friction. Remarkably, we also find that the frictional force diverges to infinity as the relative velocity of the plates approaches a threshold. This threshold is determined by the damping strength and the distance between the metal surfaces. Beyond this critical velocity, the system exhibits instability, akin to the behavior of a laser cavity, where no steady state exists. In such a scenario, the frictional force escalates exponentially. Our findings pave the way for experimental exploration of the frictional force in proximity to this critical regime. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Kreacje kobiecych bohaterek w „Nauczycielu” i „Przy niedzieli” Wacława Berenta

The author analyzes female heroines from two early works by Wacław Berent: The Teacher and On Sunday. Zosia and Józka contain a whole range of contradictions in their character and manner – they are both shy and self-confident, modest and seductive, but above all they are the ones who organize the entire reality for their husbands. Men, on the other hand, although physically strong, seem to be completely defenseless when it comes to feelings and love relationships with their partners. In the features of Zosia and Józka, the writer enchanted the attributes and images of women that appear on the pages of his subsequent works: The Professional, Touchwood and Winter Corn.

A Comparative Study of Turn-Taking in Arabic and English Conversations: Implications for Language Learners

Early work in conversation analysis focused primarily on English conversations. During the past 20 years, conversation analysts started to investigate informal verbal interaction within communities with a variety of linguistic and cultural backgrounds (Sidnell, 2007). Although comparative studies have examined a wide range of languages, there seems to be no emphasis on Arabic conversations. This study aims to explore whether there are differences between informal Arabic and English conversations turn-taking system. Six participants, three native Arabic speakers and three native speakers of English, took place in this study. Data were collected through audio recording; seventeen minutes for Arabic conversations and 20 minutes for the English conversation. The study revealed that there were no major differences between Arabic and English informal conversations in terms of the turn-taking system. While English speakers used more filling words such as “mm”, “yeh”, and “so” to keep the conversation going, both Arabic and English speakers aimed to minimize the gap and overlap. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of cross-cultural interactions and offer implications for language teaching and learning.

“i write unbalanced poetry”

In examining changes to Bernadette Mayer’s writing style following her cerebral hemorrhage in 1994, the article investigates the ways in which Mayer’s poetics have been informed by disability. Positioning the effects of her stroke not as limitations but as capacities for generating new knowledge, Mayer’s embodiment of disability in her late work also provokes a reassessment of her early work. Asserting that disability complicates normative time frames, an analysis of Mayer’s relationship to and representation of time reveals that disability informed her poetics not only after her stroke, but in anticipation of it, too. Drawing on archival evidence from Mayer’s papers and correspondence at the University of California San Diego, improvisation is established as a dominant feature in her late work, while the anticipation of disability in her early work contributes to the development of performance-inflected poetics.

Refugee recognition: reconsidering Honneth in light of Benjamin and Klein

AbstractUsing data collected from participant observation through creative workshops in two regions of the UK in 2019 and 2020 with participants going through the asylum system, this paper seeks to redress the under-theorisation of Axel Honneth’s use of critical and psychoanalytic theory including the work of Donald Winnicott within Honneth’s book The Struggle for Recognition. Crucially, this approach sees Honneth’s primary intersubjective process of recognition, love, as ambivalent, as opposed to monolithically conceived, a common criticism of Honneth’s early work, and applies this conception to empirical data. Following the work of philosopher Amy Allen, this paper also resolves to apply Jessica Benjamin’s use of the Third to a number of empirical case studies relating to creative workshops conducted with participants going through the asylum system. By taking this ambivalent approach, this paper shows how meaningful recognition might more successfully be achieved beyond the limits of such the punitive regimes of asylum.